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8/2/2019 The World of Plastics 1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-world-of-plastics-1 1/15
The World of Plastics
Applied Tech. Ed. I
Teacher EducationRed River College
8/2/2019 The World of Plastics 1
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Topics
• Introduction to Plastics
• Raw Materials to Plastics
• The Finished Products
• Special Applications
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Introduction to Plastics
• What products in your class are made out of
plastic?
• The automobile could not be nearly as efficient
with out the use of plastics.
• What are some of the different characteristics
of the various plastics found in a car?
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Raw Materials to Plastics
• Celluloid was the first plastic to be made.
• 1860 Alexander Parkes produced celluloid
and patented the product in 1865.
• In 1870 John Hyatt worked out the Parkes’
technical difficulties without any theoretical
understanding.
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Raw Materials to Plastics cont…
• In 1920 a German chemist Hermann Staudinger
developed a theory dealing with the chemical nature of
a whole group of substances, natural and synthetic. Hecalled them “macromolecules” Today we call them
polymers.
• In 1953 he received the Nobel Prize for his discovery.
• Staudinger provided the foundation for the world of
plastics as we know it today.
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Raw Materials to Plastics cont…
• Plastics were produced from natural raw materials.
Protein from milk was used to make artificial
horn.• Using Rennin, the enzyme obtained from the
stomach of a calf, the casein was precipitated,
washed, dried and ground. It was then processed
coloured and harden to form buttons.
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Plastics as a Concept
• Plastics in the broadest sense include organic
materials which are based on Polymers which
are produced by the conversion of naturalproducts by synthesis from primary chemicals
coming from oil, gas or coal.
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Plastic Materials
• Composite Materials
– Consist of a continuous matrix , often a resin
surrounding a fibrous reinforcing structure. – Typically glass, carbon, boron fibres in the form of
continuous filament reinforce woven fabrics.
• Fishing rods
• Racquets
• Hockey stick shafts
• Canoes & boats
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Polymeric Materials
• Polymers are classified according to their origin andmethod of synthesis.
• Natural Products
– Cellulose (wood, cotton) horn, rosins, raw rubber – Vulcanized rubber, vulcanized fibre, celluloid
• Synthetic Polymers
– Thermoplastics moldable without undergoing significant
change. – Thermosetting plastics are rigid and the molecules are
cross-linked in three dimensions.
– Elastomers have fewer linkages than thermosets and arerubbery.
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Identification Tests
• Transparency
• Density
• Thermal Behaviour
• Flammability
• Fracture type
• Solubility• Heat conductivity
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Thermosetting Plastics
Common Name Old Generic Name New Name Applications
Phenolics
(Bakelite)
Phenol formaldehyde Poly (phenol
methanol)
pan handles,
insulation foams
Urea
Melamine
Urea formaldehyde
Melamine formaldehyde
Poly (carbamide
melamine
methanol
Light switches
Cups, counter
laminates
Polyester
Epoxy
Polyester
epoxy
Car bodies, canoes
Electrical casting,
adhesives, coatings
Polyurethane Polyurethane flexible Upholstery foam,
skateboard wheels
Neoprene rubber polychloroprene Poly(2-chlorobuta-
1,3-diene)
Wetsuits, inner tubes
food processing seals
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ThermoplasticsCommon Name Old Name New Name Applications
Polyethylene
High-density
Polyethylene
HDPE
Poly(ethene)
High-density
Washing-up bowls
Milk-bottle crates
Low-density LDPE Low-density Carrier bags
PVC Polyvinyl chloride Poly(chlorothene) Floor covering
Shower curtainsrain guttering
ABS Acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene
Poly(propenenitril
e0 buta-1,3-diene
Suitcases
Acrylic (Lucite) polymethylmethac
rylate
Poly(methyl 2-
methylpropenoate)
Car rear lights
Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate Poly(cellulose
ethanoate)
Photographic film
eyeglass frames
PET polyethylenetereph
thalate
Poly(ethene
polyester benzene-1dicarboxylate)
Soft drink bottles
draughtsman’sdrawing film
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How can you implement the
Coding System?
Application:
• The Plastics Coding System is designed to be easyto read at a glance and distinguishable from othermarks put on rigid plastic containers bymanufacturers for use in processing andidentification.
• The system uses a triangular-shaped symbolcomposed of three arrows, with a number in thecentre indicating the material from which thebottle is made, as follows:
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Recycling?? Coding System
PETE HDPE V
LDPE PP PS OTHER
1 = Polyethylene Terephthalate 2 = High Density Polyethylene 3 = Vinyl
4 = Low Density Polyethylene 5 = Polypropylene 6 = Polystyrene
7 = OTHER - all other resins and multi-materials
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Recycling Links
• Virtual Recycling Link
• Plastic Recycling
• The Green Pages