The World in 1500What are the big superpowers of the day and why should I care?

China and Japan

Our World The big idea is for you to know how much the Europeans changed the world in the 1500sbut first...

You have to know what that world was like in order to understand that big change the Europeans wrought

Our World We will discuss the major trade, political forms, and society of:

* Ottoman Empire

* Mughal Empire

* Safavid/Persian Empire

* Chinese Empire

* Songhai Empire

* Aztec, Mayan, Incan Empire

The World in 1500The Mighty

Asian Empires of China and Japn

and some not so mighty....and we will talk about the largest drug dealer ever.....

This dynasty overthrew Mongol rule and

controlled China for 300 years.

They brought peace to China and a period of

exploration.

The Ming Dynasty

The first emperor of the Ming Dynasty introduced harsher laws, restored Confucianism

and the Civil Service

Hung Wo

The four social classes under the strict system of Confucianism are

SamuraiFarmersArtisans

Merchants

Important Principals of Confucianism

1. Every person should willingly accept their role in society and they should perform the duties of that role

2. The gov’t leaders should be virtuous which is correct behavior towards others. Instead of wealth, rulers should seek honesty and honor

Early Capitol of the Ming Dynasty

Modern Day Capitol of China?

Beijing

The part of Beijing where the Emperor and his family

lives?Forbidden City

Since the Ming emperors were considered the sons of Heaven, they were, by definition, superior to all other people on earth. They had no interest in the outside world and so this powerful nation, with probably the best technology, intelligence and natural resources, doomed itself to fall behind a rapidly expanding and energetic Europe.

The World in 1500The China lure....

The Chinese didn’t need anything from Europe!But they had many items Europeans wanted....

TeaGunpowderPorcelain

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What are the main items Europeans want from China?Porcelain....duh! it is called

china

Tea - easily the world’s most popular drink

Two important port cities in China?

What is the problem as far as Europeans are concerned?

China won’t sell!

Luckily, the Europeans will discover India - the home of the mighty_________ empire.

Eventually.....like in the 1700’s Britain will control India.

The world’s largest private corporation will be created to manage and trade goods from India. The ____________________________

Mughal

British East India Tea Company

Now, what does this have to do with drug dealing?

The Great Appeal of China

If only we could sell one _________ to each Chinese person our factories could be in business forever.

Entering China Through Trade

•It’s the early 1800s and William Delano went out in the world to make money. He went to China but the Chinese didn’t need anything and he didn ’t have anything unusual to offer.

http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/data/upimages/us_opium.jpg

Trade problems

•Problem is the Chinese gov’t won’t allow opium to be traded.

•Really, that isn’t a problem because the British want to introduce opium trade too...because, goodness knows, China won’t sell any tea from the East India Tea Company (the British mighty-big corportation)

Trade Wars

•British owned East India Tea Company became the biggest drug dealer in the world....and the Chinese people became the victims

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/opium.gif

The Opium Wars of 1839Not only was the war the most humiliating defeat the Chinese had ever suffered, but it was also an example of how weak and vulnerable the Chinese are once their doors are opened to foreigners. For this reason, and many others, nationalist societies in China have struggled (and continue) to keep the destructive foreigners out.

Trade Wars lead to Civil Wars in China

•With the Opium introduction, the British also introduced missionaries to spread the word of Christianity. Missionaries in China become a well-established pattern that continues today.

•The mix of drug and religion contributes to MAJOR CIVIL WAR 1850s

•Begins with the Taiping Rebellion - strange mixture of gender equality and sex.

25 Million Dead!US Civil War 1861-1865 620,000 dead

What happened to William Delano?

•He made a fortune in the Opium trade. Married and moved his family to New York City.

•He had a daughter named Sarah. She married the neighbor’s son James Roosevelt.

•They had a son.

•Franklin Delano Roosevelt

But back to the 1500s.

300 hundred years later 1644

and out of the weakness of the Ming Dynasty a new dynastic family takes over. They will rule China until the

early 1900s when China falls to eventual Communist ruleTheir name means “pure”

They came from the north - Manchuria

Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

Qing DynastyManchus who took over and became the Qing

Dynasty

There was a rebellion in the late 1700s that greatly

weakened the Qing Dynasty and destroyed most of southern

China

White Lotus Rebellion 1796

By the mid 1800s, the tea trade with the British East India Company became

vicious....the European powers demanded more access to trade items in China...and

China was weakened by strife

China won’t trade with Europeans.

They will only allow trade in small restricted areas in coastal cities. They are called special enclaves.They are certain areas that allow very limited trade with foreigners.This is one reason why China does not modernize until later and also why they stay so unique in their culture

There was a rebellion in the mid 1800s that greatly

weakened the Qing Dynasty and destroyed most of southern

China

Taiping Rebellion of 1851-1866

And in Japan?

Japanese Empire

Japanese EmpireOld capitol was

Edo

Today that little fishing

village is Tokyo

Japan 1500Who ruled?

Ruled by an Emperor- but he had no powerWho had the power?

Japan 1500Who ruled?

Sure there was an emperor but the real power was held by the top military man - the Shogun

Japan 1500The biggest, baddest Shogun was a man namedTokugawa Ieyasu

This military society/feudal society practiced a code of behavior much like the European code of chivalry. It was called____________

bushido = “the way of the warrior”

Japan 1500

Daimyo

The feudal lords of Japan were called

Japan 1500

Shogun

The military ruler of Japan was called

Japan 1500

Tokugawa Ieyasu

He completed the unification of Japan, was named Shogun and moved the capitol to Edo

Japan 1500

Tokugawa

This was a combination of feudalism and central govt in Japan

Japan 1500

Portuguese

The first Europeans to reach Japan?

Japan 1500The first Portuguese were Catholic missionaries and traders.

Francis Xavier

Japan 1500

Japan, like China, limited the foreign influence in its country. Japan was virtually isolated from the outside world

not much

What did the Japanese Shogunates think of the Europeans who showed up in the late 1500s/1600s?

Japan 1500

An Act of Seclusion

No Japanese could leave the country without the threat of execution

Japan 1500

Japan adopts Zen Buddhism