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The World Bank’s Water Resources The World Bank’s Water Resources Sector Strategy: Sector Strategy:
What we are doing, how we are doing itWhat we are doing, how we are doing itand how the Berlin consultation fits inand how the Berlin consultation fits in
BerlinBerlinJune 2000June 2000
Generic Table of Contents for Generic Table of Contents for Sector StrategiesSector Strategies
•• Development ContextDevelopment Context•• Stocktaking and EvaluationStocktaking and Evaluation•• Bank Comparative AdvantageBank Comparative Advantage•• Strategic Options and Business Strategic Options and Business
ImplicationsImplications
The Bank’s RoleThe Bank’s Role
•• Globally, about $60 billion a year is invested in water Globally, about $60 billion a year is invested in water --the Bank only contributes 5% (half of all ODA)the Bank only contributes 5% (half of all ODA)•• Within the Bank, water has averaged about 14% of Within the Bank, water has averaged about 14% of lendinglending•• Between 1985Between 1985--98 the Bank invested $33 billion in over 98 the Bank invested $33 billion in over 70 countries70 countries
Our starting point (1993):Our starting point (1993):
Collapse these into the 3 “Dublin principles”Collapse these into the 3 “Dublin principles”The “comprehensive” principleThe “comprehensive” principle::
holistic (including environment), holistic (including environment), comprehensive, intercomprehensive, inter--sectoralsectoral......
The “institutional” principle:The “institutional” principle:stakeholder participationstakeholder participationsubsidiaritysubsidiarity (international, federal, state, municipality, (international, federal, state, municipality, users…)users…)greater role for private sector, NGOs, womengreater role for private sector, NGOs, women
The “economic and social” principle:The “economic and social” principle:greater attention to economic greater attention to economic value of alternative usesvalue of alternative usesgreater use of economic instruments greater use of economic instruments (user pays, polluter pays,...)(user pays, polluter pays,...)specific attention to the poorspecific attention to the poor
Conceptual Framework (with OED)Conceptual Framework (with OED)Improved water Improved water
resource managementresource management
Country conditions
Other partners
Bank lending and non-lending
services
Reforms in policies Reforms in policies and institutionsand institutions
MethodologyMethodologyDesk ReviewDesk Review•• About 300 Bank operations and About 300 Bank operations and
analytic work since 1993analytic work since 1993•• A Desk Review for each regionA Desk Review for each region
Focus Country StudiesFocus Country StudiesOne in each region forOne in each region for
inin--depth study and depth study and consultationconsultation
BrazilBrazil
YemenYemen
PhilippinesPhilippinesIndiaIndia
AFR AFR countrycountry
ECA countryECA country
Nathpa Nathpa Jhakri Jhakri Hydel Hydel
National Dam National Dam Safety ProjectSafety Project
National National Hydrology Hydrology
Project Project UP UP
Sodic Sodic Lands Lands Project Project
Haryana Haryana WRCP WRCP
Shivalik Shivalik Hills Hills Watershed Watershed
Management Management Project Project
UP Water UP Water Resources Resources
Restructuring Restructuring Project Project
22--day Country Consultationsday Country ConsultationsAbout 70 country participants, partners (regional banks, bilaterAbout 70 country participants, partners (regional banks, bilaterals, als,
GWP...) and regional borrowersGWP...) and regional borrowers
KEY QUESTION:KEY QUESTION:
HOW HAS THE BANK HELPED?HOW HAS THE BANK HELPED?
big, positive contribution
some contribution
little contribution
How has the Bank helped in Country X?
Water Resources ManagementWater Resources Management
ComprehensiveComprehensive•
InstitutionsInstitutions
Water as Economic GoodWater as Economic Good
Bank ParticipantsBank Participants
How do these help?How do these help?Not some spurious “scoring”Not some spurious “scoring”
butbuta stimulus to a focussed and frank conversationa stimulus to a focussed and frank conversation
The questions the participants discussRelevance:
#1: Are we doing the right things?right sectors? right issues? right places? right risks?
Effectiveness:#2: Are we using the right tools? #3: Do we make good use of partnerships? #4: Do we have the right people and organization to help?#5: Are we using the Bank’s access outside of the water sector?#6: Are we dealing effectively with the political economy of
reform?
... A ... A flavourflavour of what has emerged on of what has emerged on substance...substance...
Urban water and sanitation:Urban water and sanitation:•• In some places (e.g. India, Manila) have had decades of In some places (e.g. India, Manila) have had decades of
support of nonsupport of non--performing public utilitiesperforming public utilities•• Advent of PSP has transformed the situationAdvent of PSP has transformed the situation•• Where we have PSP, or the prospect of it Where we have PSP, or the prospect of it ---- lots of energy lots of energy
and new facesand new faces•• Has put competitive pressure on public dinosaurs (State Has put competitive pressure on public dinosaurs (State
Water Companies in Brazil, NWSA in Yemen, LWUA in Water Companies in Brazil, NWSA in Yemen, LWUA in Philippines)Philippines)
•• IFC has played vital roleIFC has played vital role
... conclusions...on substance...... conclusions...on substance...Urban water and sanitation:Urban water and sanitation:•• Bank water and sanitation operations have paid too little Bank water and sanitation operations have paid too little
attention to upstream (bulk) and downstream attention to upstream (bulk) and downstream (wastewater) issues(wastewater) issues
•• Sana’a Sana’a and and Taiz Taiz ---- where will the water come from? where will the water come from? •• Manila concession:Manila concession:
big issues on bulk water supply and we didn’t do anythingbig issues on bulk water supply and we didn’t do anything90% of financing will be for sanitation and sewerage, but have 90% of financing will be for sanitation and sewerage, but have done nothing on wastewater standardsdone nothing on wastewater standards
•• Chennai Chennai ---- haven’t linked Metro water with haven’t linked Metro water with Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Water Resources ProjectWater Resources Project
... conclusions...on substance...... conclusions...on substance...Irrigation:Irrigation:•• Striking progress in sector reform in LAC (Striking progress in sector reform in LAC (WUAs WUAs in in
Mexico, concession approach in Chile, mixed “bigMexico, concession approach in Chile, mixed “big--little” little” systems in Sao Francisco in Brazil...)systems in Sao Francisco in Brazil...)
•• Major issues for poverty and equality, given increasing Major issues for poverty and equality, given increasing importance of knowledgeimportance of knowledge
... conclusions...on substance...... conclusions...on substance...Irrigation:Irrigation:•• In too many countries In too many countries ---- no serious reform agenda for no serious reform agenda for
irrigation agencies and Bank often underwriting status irrigation agencies and Bank often underwriting status quo...quo...
... conclusions...on substance...... conclusions...on substance...Irrigation:Irrigation:•• more strategic and comprehensive approach (linking to more strategic and comprehensive approach (linking to
reforming states, coupled with civil service reform) paying reforming states, coupled with civil service reform) paying off in Indiaoff in India
•• Irrigation people at consultations (and Hague) Irrigation people at consultations (and Hague) ---- almost allalmost allgreygrey--haired men; little new blood; too few new ideas...haired men; little new blood; too few new ideas...
... conclusions...on substance...... conclusions...on substance...
River basin management:River basin management:•• Lots of words but little is happening on the ground....Lots of words but little is happening on the ground....•• e.g. not a single functioning basin agency in Mexico or e.g. not a single functioning basin agency in Mexico or
Brazil or Yemen or Philippines or Thailand or India...Brazil or Yemen or Philippines or Thailand or India...•• firstfirst--rate Bank assistance helping in Ceara...rate Bank assistance helping in Ceara...•• major challenge for the Bank in terms of when and how we major challenge for the Bank in terms of when and how we
get involved....get involved....
River basin management:River basin management:•• Tentative strategy for the Bank: Tentative strategy for the Bank: “get involved where there “get involved where there
are real problems to solve and diverse interested actors are real problems to solve and diverse interested actors who want to solve them...”who want to solve them...”
often at urban/rural interface (often at urban/rural interface (Sana’aSana’a, Manila, , Manila, ChennaiChennai...)...)
... conclusions...on substance...... conclusions...on substance...
Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues•• Instream Instream flows flows ---- very little in projects we have seen very little in projects we have seen
Hathnikund Hathnikund BarrageBarrage Nice fish ladder! Where are the fish?
... conclusions...on substance...... conclusions...on substance...
Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues•• Water quality management Water quality management ---- have done littlehave done little•• Watershed management:Watershed management:
a new and exciting area, with excellent results in India and a new and exciting area, with excellent results in India and Brazil... Brazil... needs to be integrated with WRM and needs to be integrated with WRM and generalisedgeneralised......can be done even in the absence of major overall reforms..can be done even in the absence of major overall reforms..
... conclusions...on substance...... conclusions...on substance...
Having a seat at the tableHaving a seat at the table•• Many see the Bank as putting too high a weight on our own Many see the Bank as putting too high a weight on our own
reputation, and walking away from contentious issues (suchreputation, and walking away from contentious issues (such as interas inter--basin transfers, dams...)basin transfers, dams...)
•• De facto exit from hydropower leaves us without a seat at De facto exit from hydropower leaves us without a seat at the table where hydro is central to water management (the table where hydro is central to water management (eg eg Brazil)Brazil)
Some initial and tentative conclusions:Some initial and tentative conclusions:On processOn process
•• Bank contribution to policy dialogue is highly regarded and Bank contribution to policy dialogue is highly regarded and greatly valued... greatly valued...
•• Frustration that this takes backseat to disbursement and Frustration that this takes backseat to disbursement and procurement (and mushrooming other requirements) once itprocurement (and mushrooming other requirements) once it gets to implementationgets to implementation
•• Often highly dependent on “lone ranger task managers” Often highly dependent on “lone ranger task managers” •• Clients still not getting “all the knowledge of the Bank” Clients still not getting “all the knowledge of the Bank”
... conclusions...on Bank organization... conclusions...on Bank organization•• “Several World Banks on water resources” “Several World Banks on water resources” •• Our diversity is a great strength which we underOur diversity is a great strength which we under--exploitexploit
we have quite different cultures working on water we have quite different cultures working on water ---- hydro, hydro, irrigation, water and sanitation and environmentirrigation, water and sanitation and environmentbringing these together on problems is both inherently “bringing these together on problems is both inherently “frictionyfrictiony”” and inherently creativeand inherently creativetoo often resource issues are “assigned” to one group and then too often resource issues are “assigned” to one group and then others “stay out”others “stay out”
•• Much of our water work too waterMuch of our water work too water--centriccentricare not using the Bank’s privileged access to finance ministersare not using the Bank’s privileged access to finance ministersengagement of Country Directors can make a big positive engagement of Country Directors can make a big positive differencedifference
Web site :Web site :www.www.worldbankworldbank.org.org
All All powerpointspowerpoints, all documents, (including everything from this , all documents, (including everything from this workshop....) on the webworkshop....) on the web
The point of all this for our consultation?The point of all this for our consultation?•• until 10 years ago the World Bank did little on until 10 years ago the World Bank did little on transtrans--
boundary waters (Indus as the rather stale example..)boundary waters (Indus as the rather stale example..)•• over past 10 years possibilities and instruments over past 10 years possibilities and instruments ----
especially GEF especially GEF ---- have changed dramatically (as Tony G have changed dramatically (as Tony G will describe)will describe)
•• no “Bank line”, clarity or consensus on:no “Bank line”, clarity or consensus on:when and how often we should get engaged (entry conditions?)when and how often we should get engaged (entry conditions?)our comparative advantage and critical partnershipsour comparative advantage and critical partnershipsstaffing and organizationstaffing and organization
•• we want ideas and advice from you...we want ideas and advice from you...•• please be candid and imaginative!please be candid and imaginative!
Table of Contents for Sector Table of Contents for Sector StrategyStrategy
•• Development ContextDevelopment Context•• Stocktaking and EvaluationStocktaking and Evaluation•• Bank Comparative AdvantageBank Comparative Advantage•• Strategic Options and Business Strategic Options and Business
ImplicationsImplications
Structure of the Berlin ConsultationStructure of the Berlin ConsultationMonday morningMonday morning: :
The challenges The challenges
Monday afternoonMonday afternoon::World Bank World Bank experience experience Tuesday morningTuesday morning::
Group Reports and Discussion Group Reports and Discussion
TuesdayTuesdayStrategic Implications Strategic Implications
for the Bankfor the Bank
Munther HaddadinMunther Haddadin (Jordan) and Tony(Jordan) and TonyGarveyGarvey
Group Group discussiondiscussion
Janusz KindlerJanusz Kindler (Poland) and Stephen(Poland) and StephenLintner Lintner Group Group
discussiondiscussion
Wednesday:Wednesday:What has been said and what has been heardWhat has been said and what has been heard
ThalwitzThalwitz and Briscoeand Briscoe
Mustafar BukarMustafar Bukar (Nigeria) and (Nigeria) and DavidGreyDavidGrey
Group Group discussiondiscussion
WednesdayWednesday::Group Reports and Discussion Group Reports and Discussion
Major inputsMajor inputs
The portfolio review The portfolio review The focus country studiesThe focus country studiesThe OED review of implementation of the 1993 The OED review of implementation of the 1993
WRM Policy PaperWRM Policy PaperThe Conclusions of the Hague World Water The Conclusions of the Hague World Water
ForumForumThis consultation on international watersThis consultation on international watersThematic studies on environment and socialThematic studies on environment and socialConclusions of the World Commission on DamsConclusions of the World Commission on Dams
Sector Strategy ScheduleSector Strategy Schedule
Global ConsultationsGlobal ConsultationsCY 1999CY 1999 CY 2000CY 2000
Regional:Regional:••Brasilia/LACBrasilia/LAC••Sana’aSana’a/MENA/MENA••Manila/EAPManila/EAP••Delhi/SASDelhi/SAS••ECAECA••AfricaAfricaSectoralSectoral ReviewsReviewsInternational WatersInternational WatersHague ForumHague ForumDams CommissionDams CommissionOED ReportOED ReportBOARDBOARD
The new (and improved!) The new (and improved!)
“World Bank’s Bible on “World Bank’s Bible on Water Resources Management”Water Resources Management”
Early in 2001Early in 2001
