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Strategic Directions for the World Bank in Social Development Steen Lau Jorgensen Director of Social Development The World Bank. The World Bank Social Development Strategy. Background Why have a strategy? What is the demand? Who is it for? What is it – descriptive or prescriptive? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Strategic Directions for the World Bank
in Social Development
Steen Lau JorgensenDirector of Social Development
The World Bank
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
The World Bank Social Development
StrategyBackground
Why have a strategy? What is the demand? Who is it for? What is it – descriptive or prescriptive? What is the process?
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
What will the SD Strategy cover?
Concepts and definitions Why attention to social development? The Bank and SD: history & commitments Strategic directions Business strategy
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Concepts and Definitions
What do we mean by social development? Social development means development
of society. The goal of social development is a
society that enables people, especially poor people, to take actions to help themselves.
The social dimensions of development --Empowerment Inclusion Security
-- help make societies equitable, productive and sustainable.
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Concepts and Definitions
An abstract definition of social development
Social development refers to the relationships and institutional conditions within a society (social capital) and the historical, political, and institutional conditions that affect project and policy outcomes (the social context of development)
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Concepts and Definitions
What don’t we mean by social development?
Health Education
The World Bank calls these human development
Social welfare/security/protection
The World Bank calls these social protection
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Concepts and Definitions
What is the work program of social development at the World Bank?
Social AnalysisParticipation and Civic EngagementCommunity Driven DevelopmentConflict Prevention and ReconstructionSafeguard Policies
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Why attention to social development?
… that leads to sustainable poverty reduction
Economic Dimensions
Social Dimensions
Empowerment + Inclusion + Security
Participation + Inclusion
Investment Climate + Growth
Pro-poor Growth
Social development completes a virtuous circle….
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Why attention to social development?
Development Interventions SD as an end: CDD, Conflict, Targeted at Vulnerable Groups SD as a means to sustainability in other sectors
SD Perspective Bottom-up: starts with poor people’s multidimensional needs Formal and informal stakeholders
SD Expertise social analysis of opportunities, constraints, risks participation and civic engagement as means and end
Enabling environment provides responsive, reliable and resilient institutions good governance security from conflict
Poor and marginalized people have capacities assets to help themselves
Poverty Reduction
Socially Sustainable Development
Bank mission
SD Objective
SD Outcome
SD Outputs
SD Inputs
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Sustainable improvements in livelihoods
Institutions:FAMILY
COMMUNITY
GOVERNMENT
MARKETS
H
F
PN
S
Assets and Institutions for Sustainability
Empo
werm
ent
Incl
usio
n
Why attention to Social Development? Examples of Social Development Challenges by Region
Region Empowerment Inclusion Security
Africa High gender inequality, untapped potential for scaling up community-driven development
Governance issues and over-centralization causing exclusion of poor and marginalized
Prevalence of civil conflict and need for post-conflict reconstruction
East Asia and Pacific
Rapid democratization gives some more voice and choice than others
Rapid change and urbanization creating new forms of exclusion
Persisting social conflicts exacerbated by regional economic crisis
Europe and Central Asia
Political institutional reform difficult and slow
Transition has strengthened institutions unevenly
Reforms have created winners and losers – social disruption and violence on the rise
Latin America and Caribbean
The political economy traditionally excludes the poor from the political process and local institutions have limited voice and limited upward linkages, fragmenting rural and urban poor
Poor distribution of assets, especially in rural areas
Conflict – domestic violence, urban violence, civil conflict, conflict around drugs and rural poverty, youth and violence
Middle East and North Africa
Low level of popular consultation and participation in decision-making and resource allocation
Weak civil society institutions, poor accountability, and limited inclusion of women and youth
Pervasive conflict and violence with spillover dangers and negative impact on economic growth and poverty
South Asia Increasing marginalization and high levels of embedded social inequality
Governance and corruption issues
Continuing and emerging tensions; current focus on social reconstruction of Afghanistan and neighboring states
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
The Bank and SD: history & commitments
1974-1987 1987-1997 1997-2002 Beyond
Objectives Improving operational effectiveness
Develop methods/ tools, putting people first
Poverty reduction and socially sustainable development
Scaling up our impact, understanding how societies work
Social Analysis
OMS 2.30 Sociological Aspects of Project Appraisal
1994 – Bank Guidelines on Social Assessment
2002 Social Analysis OP and sourcebook
PSIA and Country Social Analysis
Participation and civic engagement
Listening, BA, consultation, NGOs as implementers
1990 Working Group, 1994 SourcebookNGOs as partners
Civic Engagement in PRSPs, from NGOs to civil society
Empowerment, Accountability, Voices & Choices
Vulnerability Involuntary resettlement and Indigenous People policies
Concern with gender, vulnerable groups
SafeguardsVulnerabilityConflict
InclusionRightsPreventing conflict
Communities and institutions
Social organization of production
Institutions (mainly local) which affect development, NGOsCommunity-based development
Social Capital,Local Level Inst.,State and Society,Community-driven development
Societal Development,Clients and their citizens
Comments Early focus on rural development
Emphasis on methods and tools
Add conflict and cultural heritage to agenda, more emphasis on CDD
Scaling up, mainstreaming
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
The Bank and SD: history & commitments
Advocacy
Policy
OperationsConflict Prevention
and Reconstruction
Civic EngagementSocial Analysis
CDD
Gender
Safeguards
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
The Bank and SD: history & commitments
1. Public statements (President, Chief Economist)
2. Corporate strategy documents3. Research (WDRs, DEC)4. SD in IDA replenishments5. Operational Policies6. Recommendations from Internal
Evaluations
A rhetoric-reality gap
+
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Four Preliminary Strategic Directions
1. From Project to Program and Policy
2. SD Throughout the Project/Program Cycle, for Sustainability
3. Replicate and Deepen Interventions
4. Country Framework to Prioritize SD Interventions
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Strategic Direction #1
From Project to Program and Policy
Use social development approaches and methods beyond the project context. For example, at the macro level in country social analysis, poverty and social impact analysis (PSIA), poverty assessments and PRSPs.
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Strategic Direction #2
SD Throughout the Project/Program Cycle for SustainabilityIntegrate social development approaches and tools throughout the project and program cycle – for example in early planning stages, in implementation, and in monitoring and evaluation.
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Strategic Direction #3
Scale up and Deepen Interventions
Scale up our efforts in social development by (a) building more social development interventions within a given community, project, program or country and (b) replicating successful interventions in other geographical areas or sectors, as appropriate.
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Strategic Direction #4
Country Framework to Prioritize SD Interventions
Prioritize social development interventions based on general country context. This would involve offering a different menu of SD services dependeing countries’ economic level, institutional health, state of governance, and other similar factors.
Certain generic social development interventions would be applicable to each category.
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
Business Strategy Overview Business lines/products and tools Countries of emphasis Sectors and themes of emphasis Partnerships Organizational issues Strategic staffing and skills mix Resource issues
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
SD Strategy Timetable
Issues Paper to Bank Management (March 2002)Conceptual framework, background, stocktaking papers (underway)Drafting of Regional strategy papers (ongoing) Consultations on strategic directions (ongoing)Drafting of Bank-wide strategy (just beginning)First draft of strategy paper to Bank Board of Directors (early 2003)
Consultations on strategy paper (2003-2004)Strategy with business plan to Bank Board of Directors (early 2004)
Strategic Directions in Social Development – November 2002
QuestionsDo the strategic directions make sense to you? What
obstacles do you think we might face in implementing such a strategy?
How do these strategic directions and SD work program areas relate to your approach to development cooperation?
Given the relationship between the Bank’s approach and that of BMZ, what should be the focus of continued partnership? (Can we add to PSIA, Accountability and Conflict as areas of mutual interest?)
Do you have any advice from experience with mainstreaming a cross-cutting topic such as social development into your institution (or others)?