The Working CellThe Working CellCellular Respiration &

Photosynthesis

Energy From FoodEnergy From Food

Autotrophs

self-feeders = ________

Heterotrophs

feed on others = ________

Types of Types of EnergyEnergy

•Kinetic: ___________

•_______: Energy stored due to an objects position or arrangement

•_______: Energy stored in the bonds in between atoms

Chemical EnergyChemical Energyin the form of ATP

Cellular RespirationCellular RespirationChemical processes using O2 to release ______ from ________

Releases energy as _______

Organisms main energy supply

Energy Currency

Directly connected to ___________

Recycle O2, CO2, H2O, and _____________

C.R. and P.SC.R. and P.S

The equations!The equations!

ATPATP

Adenosine TriPhosphate

Energy stored in ________ bonds

What happens when energy is released?

$ATP$$ATP$

A cell’s energy _______

Used for:

Chemical Energy: ________ larger molecules

Mechanical Energy: ______________

Transport: Active

ATPATP

Work uses ATP (for energy)

ADP + P (phosphate) __________ into ATP

Your body uses and regenerates roughly ____________ ATP/sec!

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisEnergy from Sunlight

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

6CO6CO22 +12H +12H22O ---> ________ + 6HO ---> ________ + 6H22O + 6OO + 6O22

Pigments are both reflected and absorbedPigments are both reflected and absorbed

ChlorophyllChlorophyll

2 part reaction2 part reaction

__________________________________

_____________ (Dark Reaction)_____________ (Dark Reaction)

The ChloroplastThe Chloroplast

Step 1: Light ReactionStep 1: Light Reaction

Light energy strikes the leaf

trapped by __________ electrons

Energy from sunlight is trapped

ATP is made by attaching a phosphate molecule to ADP

ATP will be used later

Step 1: Light ReactionStep 1: Light Reaction

Energy from the sun is also used to split _______ into hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O).

O2 is a _____ _______, while H is trapped by NADP (electron carrier) and transferred to the dark reaction (Step 2)

ATP goes to the ____ ______where it will be used and become ADP

Step 2: Dark ReactionStep 2: Dark Reaction

______ is take by the leaf and is broken down into Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O) using ATP

Dark reaction requires _______ (ATP)

ADP will go back to the ______________where it will be regenerated into ATP

Step 2: Dark ReactionStep 2: Dark Reaction

NADPH arrives from the light reaction and drops off the ___________.

NADP will go back to the light reaction to pick up more hydrogens from the splitting of water (H2O)

Step 2: Dark ReactionStep 2: Dark Reaction

During the Calvin Cycle, _______ and ______ from CO2 will combine with _______ (from light reaction, carried by NADP) to form ________ (CC66HH1212OO66.)

Glucose contains high amounts of ______ and is used by living things in ________

H2O is released as a _______ product

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Using O2 to release energy from carbohydrates (food)

Balanced equation:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O

3 Stages

1. __________

2. _______ ___________

3. ______ __________ _______(ETC)

GlycolysisGlycolysis

Using ______ (C6H12O6) to get energy

Takes place in the _________

Glycolysis means “______________.”

To start glycolysis, an initial investment of _____ are needed.

ATP is used to split 6-carbon glucose into two 3-ring _______ ______ molecules.

GlycolysisGlycolysisEach _______ _____ initially carries a phosphate group

NAD+ accepts ________ and a hydrogen from pyruvic acid becoming NADH

GlycolysisGlycolysisThe electon lost allows another _________ to bond to the original pyruvic acid molecule

Each pyruvic acid has 2 phosphates (2+2 = 4 phosphates)

4 - ADP molecules pick up the phosphates generating 4 ATP molecules

Net investment = ________

Net gain (4 ATP produced - 2 ATP invested) = _______

2 pyruvic acids still hold most of the energy from the original glucose

Krebs Cycle & ETCKrebs Cycle & ETCFinishes the ________ of pyruvic acid into CO2 & H2O

Pyruvic Acid diffuses into ________, loses a carbon and becomes a 2-carbon Acetyl CoA

Needs ____ to take place

Produces __________!!!

Total ATP gained: 2 (from glycolysis) + 36 = ______

What if there is no What if there is no Oxygen?Oxygen?

Oxidative FermentationOxidative Fermentation2 types: ______ _____& _______ Fermentation

Fermentation: the incomplete breakdown of organic compounds in the _______ of O2

Does not require oxygen

Makes ATP entirely from glycolysis (2 ATP)

______ bursts of energy

FermentationFermentationLactic Acid: Pyruvic acid is turned into lactic acid in ______ _______

“_______ burn”

______ & ______also turn pyruvic acid into lactic acid

sharpness of flavor in ______ & ________

_______ Fermentation: Pyruvic acid is turned into alcohol and CO2 by yeast cells

makes _____ rise