The Wisdom of Menopause by Christiane Northrup: The Physical Foundation of the Change (excerpt)

8/3/2019 The Wisdom of Menopause by Christiane Northrup: The Physical Foundation of the Change (excerpt)

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Cj`f|bztjDujb{i`n \aytidbm b`k Jcf{if`bm

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Dauit{ib`j @fu{auz|- C.K.

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Cb`y fo {aj t{fuijt {ab{ b||jbu i` {ait effg buj dfc|fti{jt7 i`kivikzbm `bcjt b`k ikj`{ioyi`ndabubd{juit{idt abvj ejj` dab`njk. @jvju{ajmjtt- {ajy ujstjd{ bz{aj`{id ti{zb{if`t i` {aj mivjtfo {aj {afztb`kt fo |juicj`f|bztbm ~fcj` Ivj tjj` i` cy |ubd{idj fvju {aj yjbut. Io yfz{ai`g yfz ujdfn`ixj yfzutjmo i` {ajtj |bnjt- {aj ticimbui{ijt buj t{uid{my dfi`dikj`{bm z`mjtt

I abvj ujdjivjk yfzu t|jdifld ~ui{{j` |jucittif` {f ztj yfzu t{fuy.

Df|yuina{ 55#22. Cj`f|bztj 5. Cj`f|bztj\tydafmfnidbm bt|jd{t.

4. Cj`f|bztjUjminifzt bt|jd{t. I. [i{mj

\ui`{jk i` {aj Z`i{jk T{b{jt fo Bcjuidb.

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Cb`y ~fcj` buj dbzna{ foo nzbuk ey {aj flut{ tin`t fo {aj dmi#cbd{juid. [ajy kf`{ jq|jd{ tyc|{fct {f fddzu z`{im{ajyvj ujbdajk {aj j`k |fi`{{aj betfmz{j djttb{if` fo

|juifkt. Ez{ b ~fcb`t mbt{ |juifk it ztzbmmy |ujdjkjk ey b mf`n |j#uifk fo {ub`ti{if`- ~aida cby i`dmzkj tyc|{fct tzda bt af{ stbtajt-cffk t~i`nt- kiofldzm{y tmjj|i`n- b`k `ina{ t~jb{t. I` obd{- tf#dbmmjk

cj`f|bztbm tyc|{fct buj ~futj kzui`n |juicj`f|bztj b`k {aj`djbtj ~i{ai` b yjbu fu tf bo{ju {aj mbt{ |juifk.

Kfujj` ~bt b vi{bm- yfz{aozm#mffgi`n ~fcb` fo ofu{y#tiq ~aj`taj abk aju flut{ af{ stbta. Tajk `f{idjk b dju{bi` iuui{beimi{y i` {aj~by taj ujmb{jk {f aju azteb`k- ~af abk ejnz` {f {jbtj aju befz{eji`n cj`f|bztbm- ez{ taj bkbcb`{my kj`ijk {aj |fttieimi{y. Ict{imm abvi`n cy |juifkt migj dmfdg~fug- taj bunzjk. Cy cfc ~btflo{y# {aujj ~aj` taj ai{ cj`f|bztj. Ic `f{ fmk j`fzna {f ej nfi`n{aufzna {aj dab`nj"

I{ it {uzj {ab{ {aj bnj b{ ~aida b ~fcb`t cf{aju abk aju mbt{ |j#uifk it |ufebemy {aj ejt{ |ujkid{fu fo ~aj` i{ ~imm ab||j` {f aju.![afzna {ajuj buj dju{bi`my jqdj|{if`t.) Ez{ io taj kfjt`{ z`kju#t{b`k {ab{ {aj flut{ tyc|{fct fo {aj dmicbd{juid cby ujvjbm {ajc#

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tjmvjt ~jmm ejofuj {ab{ {icjtfcj{icjt {j` fu cfuj yjbut jbumijutajit migjmy {f |uf{jt{- ~i{a Kfujj`- [ait db`{ ej cj`f|bztj . . . db` i{6

[aj rzidg b`t~ju it {ait8 io yfz abvj ujbtf` {f btg- {aj` i{ |ufe#bemy it.

ÂB[ IT AB\\J@I@N I@ YFZU EFKY8

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Cj`f|bztj it fofldibmmy kjfl`jk bt {ab{ |fi`{ i` {icj ~aj` fzu |jui#fkt t{f| |jucb`j`{my. B ~fcb` z`kjunfi`n `b{zubm cj`f|bztj

ujbmmy abt `f ~by fo g`f~i`n ~aj{aju b`y nivj` |juifk it {uzmy ajumbt{ z`{im b yjbu abt |bttjk. Bt cj`f|bztj b||ufbdajt- dydmjt db` ej#dfcj rzi{j juub{id- b`k i{t `f{ z`dfccf` ofu tjvjubm cf`{at {f nfey ej{~jj` |juifkt. Ey {aj bnj fo ofu{y tfcj fo {aj iì{ibm afucf`bmdab`njt bttfdib{jk ~i{a |juicj`f|bztj !|jui cjb`t bufz`k fu`jbu) buj ~jmm z`kju ~by. Ujtjbuda abt taf~`- ofu jqbc|mj- {ab{ey bnj ofu{y cb`y ~fcj` abvj bmujbky z`kjunf`j dab`njt i` ef`jkj`ti{y- b`k ey bnj ofu{y#ofzu cb`y abvj ejnz` {f jq|juij`dj |jui#fkt {ab{ buj ji{aju mina{ju b`k&fu tafu{ju i` mj`n{a {ab` ztzbm- fuajbviju b`k&fu mf`nju. Befz{ 1< |judj`{ fo ~fcj` ejni` tgi||i`n |j#uifkt bm{fnj{aju.2 I` obd{- f`my befz{ 2< |judj`{ fo ~fcj` djbtj cj`#t{uzb{i`n bm{fnj{aju ~i{a `f |ufmf`njk |juifk fo dydmj iuujnzmbui{yejofujab`k. I` b` jq{j`tivj t{zky fo cfuj {ab` 5-> cf{ajut. âj`b ~fcb` it nfi`n {aufzna cj`f|bztj- aju ofdzt it {zu`jk i`#~buk- tf b{{j`ki`n {f {aj jjkt fo b flvj#yjbu#fmk db` ej dabm#mj`ni`n ~aj` bmm taj ~b`{t {f kf it nf i`{f b dbvj b`kcjki{b{j. !B` jqdjmmj`{ ujtfzudj ofu fmkju cf{ajut it {ajeffg Af{ Ombtajt- ^buc Ef{{mjt8 Oiut{#[icj Cf{ajut fvju

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jt{ubkifm. Af~jvju- kzui`n |juicj`f|bztj {aj efky t{bu{t cbgi`ncfuj fo b kioojuj`{ gi`k fo jt{ufnj`- dbmmjk jt{uf`j- ~aida it |uf#kzdjk ef{a i` {aj fvbuijt b`k i` efky ob{.

[jt{ft{juf`j mjvjmt ztzbmmy kf `f{ obmm b||ujdibemy kzui`n |jui#cj`f|bztj. I` obd{- {aj |ft{cj`f|bztbm fvbuijt fo cb`y ~fcj`!ez{ `f{ bmm) tjduj{j cfuj {jt{ft{juf`j {ab` {aj |ujcj`f|bztbmfvbuijt.

F` {aj f{aju ab`k- |ufnjt{juf`j mjvjmt kf ejni` {f obmm i` |jui#cj`f|bztj- fo{j` mf`n ejofuj dab`njt i` jt{ufnj` fu {jt{ft{juf`j. BtI ~imm kitdztt ejmf~- {ait it {aj cft{ tinìfldb`{ |juicj`f|bztbm ittzjofu {aj cbhfui{y fo ~fcj`.

[aj |ujvbimi`n cjttbnj b||jbut {f ej {ait8 bm{afzna uj|ufkzd{ifìt `f mf`nju {aj nfbm- {ajuj df`{i`zj {f ej ic|fu{b`{ ufmjt ofu {ajtjtf#dbmmjk uj|ufkzd{ivj afucf`jtvi{bm- ajbm{a#jàb`di`n ufmjt {ab{abvj f{ai`n {f kf ~i{a cbgi`n ebeijt. Jvikj`dj ofu {ait db` ej tjjì` {aj obd{ {ab{ t{jufik afucf`j ujdj|{fut buj ofz`k i` bmcft{ jvjuyfunb` fo fzu efkijt. Jt{ufnj` b`k b`kufnj`t !migj {jt{ft{juf`j) bujic|fu{b`{- ofu jqbc|mj- i` cbi`{biì`n t{uf`n b`k ajbm{ay ef`jt bt~jmm bt ujtimij`{ vbni`bm b`k zuj{aubm {ittzj. B`k ef{a jt{ufnj` b`k|ufnjt{juf`j buj ic|fu{b`{ ofu cbi`{biì`n b ajbm{ay dfmmbnj` mbyjui` {aj tgi`.

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[aj cbi` {ai`n {f gjj| i` ci`k befz{ |juicj`f|bztj it {ab{ i{t bdfc|mj{jmy `fucbm |ufdjtt- `f{ b kitjbtj {f ej {ujb{jk. Ez{ i` fukju

ofu aju efky {f df`{i`zj |ufkzdi`n mjvjmt fo afucf`jt bkjrzb{j{f tz||fu{ ajbm{a- b ~fcb` czt{ ej f|{icbmmy ajbm{ay nfi n i`|aytidbmmy- jcf{if`bmmy- t|iui{zbmmy- b`k ti{zb{if`bmmy. I` f{aju ~fukt-aju oz{zuj ~jmm#eji`n kj|j`kt `f{ f`my f` {aj ajbm{a fo aju |aytidbmefky- ez{ bmtf f` aju `f`|aytidbm tz||fu{ tyt{jc- ef{a fo ~aida bujb ujstjd{if` fo af~ taj dbujt ofu ajutjmo {fkby b`k af~ taj abt mivjkz| {f {ait |fi`{. Ejdbztj |juicj`f|bztj fddzut b{ {aj cik|fi`{ fofzu mivjt- i{ it b vjuy nffk {icj {f {bgj t{fdg b`k cbgj tzuj {ab{ ~jbuj kfi`n jvjuy{ai`n |fttiemj {f ujt{fuj fu ezimk fzu ajbm{a.

Kjt|i{j bmm {aj cjkib ofdzt f` tz||mjcj`{bm afucf`jt~aidaf`jt {f {bgj- ~ab{ kftj- b{zubm vjutzt ty`{aj{id- b`k tf fì{ it ic#|fu{b`{ {f ejbu i` ci`k {ait fo{j`#ofunf{{j` obd{8 b ~fcb`t efkyejni`t mioj ozmmy jrzi||jk {f |ufkzdj bmm {aj afucf`jt taj `jjkt{aufznafz{ mioj. Bmm fo {aj tf#dbmmjk tjq afucf`jt !jt{ufnj`- |ufnjt#

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{juf`j- b`k {aj b`kufnj`t) buj cb`zobd{zujk oufc {aj tbcj zeir#zi{fzt |ujdzutfu cfmjdzmjdafmjt{jufm. I` bkki{if`- fzu efkijt bmtfabvj {aj beimi{y {f df`vju{ f`j {y|j fo tjq afucf`j i`{f b`f{aju.Tf- ofu jqbc|mj- jt{ufnj` db` ej df`vju{jk i`{f {jt{ft{juf`j- b`k|ufnjt{juf`j db` ej df`vju{jk i`{f jt{ufnj`. âj{aju fu `f{ {ajtjdf`vjutif`t bd{zbmmy {bgj |mbdj kj|j`kt z|f` fzu efkyt ci`z{j#{f#ci`z{j `jjkt- fzu jcf{if`bm t{b{j- fzu `z{ui{if`bm t{b{j- b`k tf f`.

âb{ bmm {ait cjb`t it {ab{ `f{ jvjuy ~fcb` ~imm `jjk fu ~b`{afucf`j tz||mjcj`{b{if`. I` cb`y dzm{zujt afucf`j tz||mjcj`{tbuj iòujrzj`{my |ujtduiejk- yj{ ~fcj` i` {aftj dzm{zujt ubujmy abvjz`dfcofu{bemj |juicj`f|bztbm tyc|{fct. Af~ db` {ait ej6

Oiut{ fo bmm- {aj fvbuijt f`my tmf~ kf~`7 {ajy kf `f{ taz{ kf~`.Cfujfvju- b ~fcb`t efky it kjtin`jk {f |ufkzdj jt{ufnj`- |ufnjt#{juf`j- b`k {jt{ft{juf`j b{ f{aju ti{jt ejtikjt {aj fvbuijt- b`k i{ itujbky b`k ~immi`n {f i`dujbtj fu cjkib{j {aj fz{|z{ oufc {aftj bzq#imibuy ti{jt ~aj` {aj `jjk buitjt b{ cikmioj. Ujtjbuda abt taf~`- ofujqbc|mj- {ab{ jt{ufnj`- |ufnjt{juf`j- b`k b`kufnj` buj |ufkzdjk ièfky ob{- tgi`- {aj eubi`- {aj bkuj`bm nmb`kt- b`k jvj` |jui|ajubm`juvjt" Ez{ ~aj{aju fu `f{ bkjrzb{j |ufkzd{if` fddzut kj|j`kt f`~ab{ jmtj it nfi`n f` i` b ~fcb`t mioj.

Io- ofu jqbc|mj- b ~fcb` it z`kju tinìfldb`{ t{ujttio taj itfvju~fugjk- io aju kij{ obimt {f cjj{ aju efkyt `jjkt- io taj it |ayti#dbmmy imm- io taj tcfgjt b`k&fu kui`gt- io taj it bvfiki`n t|iui{zbm ittzjt{ab{ buj ejdgfì`n aju- fu io taj it i`vfmvjk i` ujmb{if`tai|t i` ~aida{aj j`juny fz{stf~ it `f{ cb{dajk ey {aj j`juny dfci`n ebdg{aj`taj cby fl`k {ab{ aju beimi{y {f gjj| z| ~i{a {aj kjcb`kt f` ajuj`kfdui`j tyt{jc it kiciìtajk. I{ ~imm ujcbi` tf z`mjtt b`k z`{im tajit bemj {f ic|mjcj { tfcj dab`njt i` {aftj bujbt fo aju mioj {ab{

`jjk ~fug. [aj ujtzm{ cby ej b {zczm{zfzt cikmioj {ub`ti{if`-oubzna{ ~i{a aju f~` i`kivikzbm dfcei`b{if` fo tyc|{fctoufcajbkbdajt- af{ stbtajt- emfb{i`n- b`k obki`n mieikf {f cffk t~i`ntb`k tmjj| kit{zueb`djt.

Nivj` {aj b{zuj fo fzu dzuuj`{ dzm{zuj- ~i{a i{t jvju#bddjmjub{i`n|bdj fo mioj- befz{ >: |judj`{ fo |juicj`f|bztbm ~fcj` abvj tyc|#{fct fo cj`f|bztj {ab{ buj z`dfcofu{bemj j`fzna {f dbztj {ajc {ftjjg ujmijo- ~aj{aju {aufzna tz||mjcj`{bm afucf`jt- kij{buy dab`nj-jqjuditj- fu bm{ju`b{ivj {ajub|ijt. Io b ~fcb` fl`kt {ab{ taj `jjkttz||mjcj`{bm afucf`jt i` fukju {f ujjt{bemita b |aytidbm b`k jcf#{if`bm dfcofu{ xf`j- {ait tafzmk `f{ ej tjj` bt b |jutf`bm obimzuj.Ub{aju- i{ it b ~bgj#z| dbmm b`k b` f||fu{zì{y {f ic|mjcj`{ czda# jjkjk dab`nj. B ~fcb` i` {ait ti{zb{if` cina{ ~b`{ {f df`tikju bd#dj|{i`n ~ab{ I migj {f dbmm b kzt{i`n fo tz||mjcj`{bm afucf`jthzt{

[AIT DB@[ EJ CJ@F\BZTJ- DB@ I[6 22>


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[aj ajbm{ay efky it jrzi||jk {f |ufkzdj bmm {aj afucf`jt b ~fcb``jjkt {aufznafz{ aju mioj. [ait `b{zubm beimi{y db` ej tz||fu{jk fu{a~bu{jk- kj|j`ki`n f` miojt{ymj |b{{ju`t b`k {aj t{b{j fo b ~fcb`tajbm{a|aytidbmmy- jcf{if`bmmy- t|iui{zbmmy- b`k ti{zb{if`bmmy.


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j`fzna {f |ufvikj aju ~i{a {aj tz||fu{ taj `jjkt ofu dfcofu{ b`kajbm{a- b`k `f cfuj. B{ {aj tbcj {icj taj ~fzmk bmtf ej ~itj {f |byb{{j`{if` {f {aj cjttbnjt aju efky it tj`ki`n. I{ it btgi`n ofu cfuj{ab` hzt{ b |ujtdui|{if` fu b tz||mjcj`{.

[aj ef{{fc mi`j it {ait8 ejofuj yfz {bgj tfcj{ai`n {f ujmijvjcj`f|bztbm tyc|{fct- bdg`f~mjknj b`k mit{j` {f yfzu efkyt i``ju~itkfc i` dujb{i`n {aftj fz{~buk tyc|{fct. [ajy buj zìrzjmyyfzut. Af~ yfzu afucf`jt ejabvj kzui`n |juicj`f|bztj b`k af~yfzu efky b`k ci`k ujt|f`k {f afucf`bm dab`njt it bt |jutf`bmixjkbt yfzu fl`nju|ui`{t.

[AJ [AUJJ [Y\JT FO CJ@F\BZTJ

Icbni`j {ab{ yfz buj t{b`ki`n b{ {aj off{ fo b ejbz{iozm cfz`{bi`.Yfz db` tjj {aj mina{ taiì`n oufc ejai`k {aj |jbg- b`k yfzuj jbnju{f j`hfy {aj vij~ oufc {aj {f|. [ajuj buj {aujj ~byt {f nj{ {ajuj8 yfzdb` {bgj {aj nubkzbmmy tmf|i`n- ~i`ki`n |b{a- ~aida cby ujrziuj yfz{f dmice fvju b oj~ ufdgt `f~ b`k {aj`. Yfz db` {bgj {aj tafu{ |b{a

z|- ~aida it czda cfuj kiofldzm{ b`k ~imm ujrziuj cfuj jrzi|cj`{b`k {jdaìdbm tz||fu{. Fu yfz db` tgi| {aj dmice bm{fnj{aju b`k abvjtfcjf`j jmtj {bgj yfz z| vib ajmidf|{ju~aida tfz`kt jbty z`{imyfz ujbmixj {ab{ yfzu cztdmjt b`k funb`t ~imm `f{ abvj abk {aj {icjfu {aj df`ki{ifì`n {f df|j ~i{a {aj dfmk b`k mbdg fo fqynj` b{ {ajtzcci{.

# `b{zubm cj`f|bztj !{aj tmf|i`n- ~i`ki`n |b{a) fddzut nubkz#bmmy- ztzbmmy ej{~jj` bnjt ofu{y#flvj b`k flo{y#flvj- i` b ~fcb` ~af

abt b{ mjbt{ f`j fo aju fvbuijt. Kzub{if`- i` cft{ dbtjt- it flvj {f{j` yjbut- {afzna {aj j`{iuj |ufdjtt tfcj{icjt {bgjt z| {f {aiu{jj`yjbut. Kzui`n {ait {icj- |juifkt cby t{f| ofu tjvjubm cf`{at b`k{aj` uj{zu`- b`k {ajy cby i`dujbtj fu kjdujbtj i` kzub{if`- i`{j`#ti{y- b`k stf~. Bmm f{aju {ai`nt eji`n jrzbm- ~fcj` ~af buj nfi`n{aufzna b `b{zubm cj`f|bztj cby fu cby `f{ `jjk b`y {ujb{cj`{ofu {aj tbgj fo |aytidbm dfcofu{- ejdbztj {ajiu fvjubmm ajbm{a cbyej t{uf`n j`fzna- b`k {ajiu {ub`ti{if` cby ej fddzuui`n nubkzbmmy

j`fzna- ofu {ajiu efkijt {f gjj| z| ~i{a {aj dab`ni`n kjcb`kt. I{~imm kj|j`k- i` f{aju ~fukt- f` ~ab{ jmtj it nfi`n f` i` {ajiu efk#ijt b`k i` {ajiu mivjt.

# |ujcb{zuj cj`f|bztj !{aj tafu{ |b{a) fddzut tfcj~ab{obt{ju bt ~jmm bt jbumiju- i` ~fcj` i` {ajiu {aiu{ijt fu jbumy ofu{ijt

[AIT DB@[ EJ CJ@F\BZTJ- DB@ I[6 229


11/42

~af abvj b{ mjbt{ f`j fvbuy. B||ufqicb{jmy f`j i` b az`kujk~fcj` dfc|mj{jt {aj cj`f|bztbm {ub`ti{if` ey bnj ofu{y fuyfz`nju. Taj cby abvj b` imm`jtt !tzda bt b` bz{ficcz`j kitjbtjfu `z{ui{if`bm kjfldij`dy) fu tfcj daufìd t{ujtt !i`dmzki`n jqdjt#tivj b{amj{id df`ki{ifì`n) {ab{ abt bkvjutjmy boojd{jk afucf`j#ujmb{jk uj|ufkzd{ivj oz`d{if`t. Kzub{if` ztzbmmy it tafu{ju {ab``b{zubm cj`f|bztj- f`j {f {aujj yjbut. Ejdbztj {aj {ub`ti{if` itrzidgju- b`k ejdbztj {aj jbumy dab`nj it fo{j` mi`gjk {f b |ujjqit{#i`n |aytidbm df`ki{if`- {ajuj it b t{uf`n migjmiaffk b ~fcb` z`kju#nfi`n |ujcb{zuj cj`f|bztj ~imm `jjk tz||mjcj`{bm afucf`jtkzui`n {aj bkhzt{cj`{.:

# bu{ifldibm cj`f|bztj !{aj ajmidf|{ju uikj) db` fddzu rzi{jbeuz|{my- i`kzdjk ey tzunidbm ujcfvbm fu kituz|{if` fo {aj uj|uf#kzd{ivj {ubd{ !i`dmzki`n ujcfvbm fo fvbuijt fu tzunidbm kituz|{if`fo {aj emffk tz||my {f {aj fvbuijt)- ey ubkib{if` fu dajcf{ajub|y-fu ey bkciìt{ub{if` fo dju{bi` kuznt {ab{ i`kzdj fu cicidcj`f|bztj ofu cjkidbm ujbtf`t !tzda bt {f taui`g z{jui`j fleufikt).

Jvj` {zebm minb{if` abt ejj` taf~` {f mf~ju |ufnjt{juf`j mjv#jmt ofu b{ mjbt{ b yjbu ofmmf~i`n {aj |ufdjkzuj.? ![aj `j~jt{ {zebm

fddmztif` |ufdjkzuj- Jttzuj- it `f{ migjmy {f abvj {ait joojd{ ej#dbztj i{ kfjt`{ bm{ju fvbuib` emffk tz||my.) B`k cb`y ~fcj`~af z`kjunf ayt{jujd{fcy ~i{a |ujtjuvb{if` fo {ajiu fvbuijt jq#|juij`dj tyc|{fct fo afucf`bm dab`nji` bkki{if`- fo dfzutj- {f{aj mftt fo {ajiu |juifkt.

Dzuuj`{ jt{icb{jt buj {ab{ b||ufqicb{jmy f`j i` jvjuy ofzuBcjuidb` ~fcj` ~imm j`{ju b` beuz|{- bu{ifldibm cj`f|bztj. Ej#dbztj {ajujt `f f||fu{zì{y ofu nubkzbm bkhzt{cj`{ {f {aj afu#

cf`bm kuf|#foo- {aj tyc|{fct fo bu{ifldibm cj`f|bztj db` ejtjvjuj b`k kjeimi{b{i`n. Bmcft{ i`vbuibemy- tz||mjcj`{bm afucf`j{ajub|y it jmjd{jk i` fukju {f bmmjvib{j |aytidbm kitdfcofu{.

\B[[I8 Bu{ifldibm Cj`f|bztj

Tiq ~jjgt bo{ju vbnzj tyc|{fct !ìna{ t~jb{t- ~jina{ mftt- b`k b|jutit{j`{ ubta i` aju eigiì bujb) abk ejj` citkibn`ftjk b{ b`zunj`{#dbuj dj`{ju bt |juicj`f|bztj b`k t{ujtt- \b{{i- b ofu{y#f`j#yjbu#fmk ti`nmj cf{aju b`k f~`ju fo b tcbmm ezti`jtt- ~bt kibn`ftjk~i{a Afkngi`t kitjbtj- b {y|j fo myc|afcb. [~f tiq#~jjg dfzutjtfo dajcf{ajub|y mjo{ aju ojjmi`n {jc|fubuimy jqabzt{jk b`k ~i{afz{aju dzumy emf`k abiu . . . ez{ dzujk. [aj f`j tikj joojd{ {ab{ {zu`jk fz{`f{ {f ej {jc|fubuy ~bt {aj mftt fo aju |juifkt.

25< [AJ ÎTKFC FO CJ@F\BZTJ


12/42

Taj ~uf{j- B dfz|mj fo ~jjgt bo{ju {aj dajcf ~bt fvju- ~aj` Iejnb` {f nj{ tfcj fo cy j`juny ebdg- I t{bu{jk abvi`n ìna{ t~jb{tbnbi`. [ait tdbujk cj- ejdbztj I {afzna{ i{ ~bt {aj db`dju dfci`nebdg- b`k I {afzna{ cy cffk t~i`nt ~juj hzt{ kzj {f {aj df`t{b`{~fuuy. Aju i`{juìt{ ub` afucf`j {jt{t b`k df`flucjk {ab{ \b{{iabk z`kjunf`j cj`f|bztj- b`k taj |ujtduiejk {aj b||uf|uib{j afu#cf`j uj|mbdjcj`{ {ajub|y i` {aj ofuc fo b tgi` |b{da- ~aida nbvj\b{{it efky nj`{mj kftjt fo afucf`j tmf~my- {aufznafz{ {aj kby b`kìna{. I ojm{ czda ej{{ju ~i{ai` hzt{ b oj~ kbyt- b`k I {ai`g i` cydf`ki{if`bo{ju bmm Ik ejj` {aufznai{ ujbmmy ajm|jk cj ujdfvjurzidgju- ejdbztj cy efky ~bt |uj{{y {ubzcb{ixjk b`k cy ci`k ~bt

oubxxmjk.

\JUICJ@F\BZTJ B@K AFUCF@BM MJ_JMT

[aj df`vj`{if`bm vij~ fo ~ab{ ab||j`t b{ |juicj`f|bztj it {ab{ jt#{ufnj` mjvjmt |mzccj{. [ait it b nuftt fvjutic|mifldb{if` b`k {fffo{j` mjbkt {f {ujb{cj`{ {ab{ db` cbgj cimkmy z`dfcofu{bemj tyc|#{fct ~futj. I` `b{zubm cj`f|bztj- {aj flut{ afucf`bm dab`nj {ab{fddzut it b nubkzbm kjdmi`j i` mjvjmt fo |ufnjt{juf`j- ~aimj jt{ufnj`mjvjmt ujcbi` ~i{ai` {aj `fucbm ub`nj fu jvj` i`dujbtj. Ejdbztj|ufnjt{juf`j b`k jt{ufnj` buj cjb`{ {f dfz`{juebmb`dj jbda f{aju{aufznafz{ {aj cj`t{uzbm dydmj- ~i{a f`j obmmi`n ~aimj {aj f{aju uitjtb`k vidj vjutb- b` fvjubmm kjdmi`j i` |ufnjt{juf`j bmmf~t jt{ufnj` mjv#jmt {f nf z`f||ftjk{ab{ it- ~i{afz{ {aj ztzbm dfz`{juebmb`dj. [ajujtzm{ it b ujmb{ivj jqdjtt fo jt{ufnj`- b df`ki{if` {ab{ it fo{j` dbmmjkjt{ufnj` kfci`b`dj~aida it |ujditjmy {aj f||fti{j fo {aj df`vj`#

{if`bm vij~.Io b ~fcb` ejni`t {f jq|juij`dj z`dfcofu{bemj tyc|{fct b{ {ait

t{bnj- i{t ejdbztj aju efky db` tj`tjb`k b{{jc|{t {f bkhzt{ {f{ab{ ujmb{ivj jt{ufnj` jqdjtt. Jt{ufnj` jqdjtt it bmtf jqbdjueb{jk eyaina i`tzmi` b`k t{ujtt afucf`jt. Zòfu{z`b{jmy- af~jvju- {ajujt bnujb{ kjbm fo fvjumb| i` {aj tyc|{fct fo vbuifzt afucf`j icebm#b`djt- b`k i{t `f{ z`dfccf` ofu b ~fcb` jq|juij`di`n tyc|{fctfo jt{ufnj` fu t{ujtt afucf`j jqdjtt {f ej nivj` b |ujtdui|{if` ofucfuj jt{ufnj` fu jvj` b`{ikj|ujttb`{t. @f{ tzu|uiti`nmy- aju cimktyc|{fct db` ~futj` bt b ujtzm{.

Bt {aj {ub`ti{if` nfjt f`- |ufnjt{juf`j df`{i`zjt {f kjdmi`j- b`kjvj`{zbmmy jt{ufnj` mjvjmt cby ejni` {f t~i`n ~ikjmy. [aj jt{ufnjàinat fddzu ejdbztj {aj fvbuijt abvj ejnz` {f bmmf~ j`{iuj nufz|t foofmmidmjt {f nuf~ b`k cb{zuj kzui`n tzddjttivj cj`t{uzbm dydmjt- i`#



13/42

t{jbk fo f`my f`j b{ b {icj- bt {afzna b{{jc|{i`n {f azuuijkmyt|j`k {aftj ujcbiì`n jnnt. ![ait it {aj ujbtf` ~ay {aj i`dikj`djfo {~i` |ujn`b`dijt i`dujbtjt ~i{a bnj.) [aj |ufnjt{juf`j kjdmi`j fd#dzut ejdbztj oj~ju b`k oj~ju fo {aftj cb{zui`n jnnt bd{zbmmy dfc#|mj{j {aj j`{iuj fvzmb{if` |ufdjtt.

Mjvjmt fo {aj afucf`jt OTA b`k MA- ~aida {aj |i{zi{buy nmb`k i`{aj eubi` fucbmmy ujmjbtjt i` |ujditjmy cj{jujk bcfz`{t {f t{iczmb{jdf`{ufmmjk ofmmidzmbu nuf~{a b`k fvzmb{if`- ejdfcj juub{id bt fzufvbuijt t{bu{ {f tgi| fvzmb{if`t. Dmftju {f cj`f|bztj- afucf`bm mjv#jmt t{bu{ {f t{beimixj. OTA b`k MA mjvjmt tcff{a fz{ b`k dmice {f {ajiu`j~- ainaju duziti`n bm{i{zkj- ~ajuj {ajy t{by ofu {aj ujt{ fo fzu mivjt.

TYC\[FCT FO KJDUJBTJK \UFNJT[JUF@JB@K JT[UFNJ@ KFCI@B@DJ

# Kjdujbtjk tjq kuivj

# Iuujnzmbu fu f{aju~itj be`fucbm |juifkt !cft{ fo{j`-

jqdjttivj vbni`bm emjjki`n)# Emfb{i`n !~b{ju uj{j`{if`)

# Eujbt{ t~jmmi`n b`k {j`kju`jtt

#Cffk t~i`nt !cft{ fo{j` iuui{beimi{y b`k kj|ujttif`)

# jina{ nbi` !|bu{idzmbumy bufz`k {aj bekfcj` b`k ai|t)

# Dfmk ab`kt b`k ojj{

#Ajbkbdajt- jt|jdibmmy |ujcj`t{uzbmmy

IT [AJUJ B [JT[ I DB@ [BGJ6

Ofu yjbut {aj kibn`ftit fo cj`f|bztj ~bt tic|my ebtjk f` yfzu bnjb`k tyc|{fct. @f~ i{t ejdfci`n cfuj cbi`t{ujbc {f ztj mbefub#{fuy df`flucb{if` fo yfzu afucf`j mjvjmt. Ajujt ~ay8 Oiut{- bt immzt#{ub{jk ey {aj t{fuy fo \b{{i- {ajuj buj imm`jttjt {ab{ cicid|juicj`f|bztj ub{aju df`vi`di`nmy. !Ay|f{ayufikitc it b`f{aju jq#bc|mj7 tjj |bnj 25?.) Ey abvi`n yfzu j`{ub`dj i`{f {aj dmicbd{juiddf`flucjk- yfzmm ticzm{b`jfztmy ej uzmi`n fz{ b` z`jq|jd{jk cjk#idbm |ufemjc. Tjdf`k- ey kj{juciì`n yfzu mjvjmt fo {aj ujmjvb`{afucf`jtjt{ufnj`- |ufnjt{juf`j- b`k {jt{ft{juf`j- b`k |fttiemyKAJB b`k {ayufik afucf`j bt ~jmmyfz b`k yfzu ajbm{a dbuj

255 [AJ ÎTKFC FO CJ@F\BZTJ


14/42

|ufvikju db` ej{{ju kj{juci`j ~ajuj yfz t{b`k i` {aj |jui#cj`f|bztbm {icjmi`j b`k ~ab{ b||ufbda {f {bgj {f yfzu tyc|{fct-io b`y. F`j dbvjb{ befz{ afucf`j {jt{i`n8 cj`f|bztbm tyc|{fct kf`f{ `jdjttbuimy dfuujmb{j ~jmm ~i{a afucf`j mjvjmt. Ofu jqbc|mj-cb`y ~fcj` ~i{a mf~ {jt{ft{juf`j mjvjmt abvj `fucbm mieikf. B`ktfcj ~fcj` ~i{a `fucbm {jt{ft{juf`j mjvjmt abvj mf~ mieikf. Ef{#{fc mi`j8 I {ai`g i{t ztjozm {f nj{ yfzu afucf`j mjvjmt {jt{jk. Ez{ i{tobu cfuj ztjozm {f {z`j i` {f af~ yfzuj ojjmi`n {ab` {f ofdzt f` b mbe{jt{- ~aida nivjt- bo{ju bmm- hzt{ b ti`nmj t`b|taf{ fo b` jvju#dab`ni`n|ufdjtt.

Io yfz kjdikj {f tjjg mbefub{fuy df`flucb{if`- i{ it ic|fu{b`{ {ab{

yfz z`kjut{b`k ~ab{ {jt{t buj bvbimbemj- b`k ~ab{ {ajy db` !b`k db`#`f{) ujvjbm befz{ yfzu dzuuj`{ t{b{zt.

Afucf`j Mjvjmt8 OTA b`k MA

[aj {jt{i`n cj{afk jc|mfyjk ey cb`y cjkidbm |ubd{idjt it {f {jt{OTA b`k&fu MA mjvjmt {aufzna ji{aju emffk fu tbmivb. [ait it ebtjk f`{aj obd{ {ab{ b{ cj`f|bztj b`k {ajujbo{ju- b ~fcb`t OTA b`k MAmjvjmt uitj {f {ajiu ainajt{ jvju. Ez{ {ajuj buj |ufemjct ~i{a {aitcj{afk. Oiut{ fo bmm- i{ ~imm {jmm yfz `f{ai`n befz{ jt{ufnj` mjvjmt- ej#dbztj OTA it df`{ufmmjk ey i`aiei`- `f{ ey jt{ufnj`. ![ait it f`j fo{aj ujbtf`t ~ay jt{ufnj` uj|mbdjcj`{ kfjt`{ kjdujbtj OTA mjvjmtbo{ju cj`f|bztj.)> I` bkki{if`- kzui`n {aj flvj fu {j` yjbut fo |jui#cj`f|bztjejofuj cj`t{uzb{if` djbtjt ofu nffkOTA b`k MAmjvjmt db` stzd{zb{j ~ikjmy. [aj fvbuijt cby ejdfcj i`bd{ivj ofu boj~ kbyt fu ~jjgt b`k {aj` ujtzcj |ufkzd{if` fo jnnt. I{ it |fttiemj-

ofu jqbc|mj- ofu b ~fcb`t OTA mjvjmt {f ujbda |ft{cj`f|bztbm mjv#jmt !nujb{ju {ab` 4< IZ&2 ofu emffk) ~aimj taj it t{imm abvi`n `fucbm|juifkt. Aju MA mjvjmt- cjb`~aimj- ~imm ujcbi` i` {aj `fucbm |uj#cj`f|bztbm ub`nj. Ofu {ab{ ujbtf`- b ti`nmj aina OTA&MA mjvjm db`{ej ztjk {f kj{juci`j ~aj{aju fu f{ b ~fcb` it i` cj`f|bztj. Z`{imb ~fcb` abt abk `f |juifkt ofu b yjbu b`k abt OTA&MA mjvjmt ~jmm~i{ai` {aj |ft{cj`f|bztbm ub`njOTA nujb{ju {ab` 4< IZ&2 b`k MAnujb{ju {ab` ;< IZ&2i{ it jvj` |fttiemj ofu aju {f nj{ |ujn`b`{. [aitit ~ay i{t |uzkj`{ {f ztj df`{ubdj|{if` ofu b yjbu bo{ju yfz {ai`gyfzu |juifkt abvj t{f||jk.



15/42

Afucf`j Mjvjmt8 Jt{ufnj`- \ufnjt{juf`j-b`k [jt{ft{juf`j

B`f{aju dfccf` emffk {jt{ b`bmyxjt {aj {f{bm bcfz`{ fo jt{ufnj`-|ufnjt{juf`j- b`k {jt{ft{juf`j i` {aj emffkt{ujbc. [aj mbunjt{ kub~#ebdg {f {ait cj{afk it {ab{ cft{ fo {aj afucf`j tf cjbtzujk it i`bd#{ivj. [aj ajbm{ay ~fcb`t efky |ufkzdjt z|~buk fo {j` {icjt cfujfo {ajtj afucf`jt {ab` taj db` ztj- tf t|jdibmixjk |uf{ji`t affg{ajctjmvjt {f cfuj {ab` 9< |judj`{ fo {aj afucf`j cfmjdzmjt|ufkzdjk- i`bd{ivb{j {ajc- b`k mfdg {aj kffut {ab{ ~fzmk f{aju#~itj bmmf~ {ajc {f mjbvj {aj emffkt{ujbc b`k j`{ju {aj {ittzjt. [aj

eifmfnidbmmy bd{ivj ofuc fo {aj afucf`j it {aj |bu{ {ab{ it zèfz`k fuoujj. [ait nfjt rzidgmy i`{f {aj {ittzjt i`t{jbk fo ab`ni`n bufz`k i`{aj emffkt{ujbc. [azt {aj t{b`kbuk emffk {jt{- ~aida kfjt `f{kit{i`nzita efz`k oufc oujj afucf`j- ~imm nivj b` iuujmjvb`{ ujtzm{-ejdbztj i{ cjbtzujt |uicbuimy i`bd{ivj- z`ztbemj- |uf{ji`#efz`k afu#cf`j.

\ujojuujk [jt{i`n Cj{afkt

î{a {aj i`kivikzbmixjk b||ufbda {f cj`f|bztj {ab{ abt ejdfcj {aj`j~ t{b`kbuk fo dbuj- cb`y dmiìdib`t buj fl`ki`n {ab{ cjbtzui`n afu#cf`j mjvjmt db` |ufvikj ajm|ozm iòfucb{if` ofu ebmb`di`n afucf`jt{aufzna ji{aju `z{ui{if`bm cjb`t fu eifikj`{idbm afucf`j uj|mbdj#cj`{. Emffk {jt{t buj f~ {aj nj`jubmmy bnujjk#z|f` t{b`kbuk ofu uj#mibemj afucf`j {jt{i`n.1 Af~jvju- I ejmijvj {ab{ {ajuj it b |mbdj ofu{jt{i`n tbmivbuy afucf`j mjvjmt io yfzu ajbm{a dbuj |ufvikju it obcim#

ibu ~i{a af~ {f i`{ju|uj{ {ajtj ujtzm{t. Ajujt ~ay8 emffk mjvjmt foafucf`jt kf `f{ ujstjd{ {aj mjvjm fo afucf`j i` {aj bd{zbm {ittzjt fo{aj efky- ~ajuj {aj afucf`jt abvj {ajiu joojd{t. [ajuj it jvikj`dj{ab{ tbmivbuy mjvjmt buj b cfuj bddzub{j ujstjd{if` fo {ait bd{ivi{y. I`bkki{if`- emffk {jt{t cjbtzuj b ti`nmj vbmzj {bgj` b{ b t|jdifld {icjjvj` {afzna afucf`jt buj tjduj{jk i` t|zu{t befz{ jvjuy {~f afzut.[aj kioojuj`dj ej{~jj` {aj ainajt{ |fi`{ b`k {aj mf~jt{ |fi`{ db` ejz| {f :


16/42

jujk ey i`tzub`dj dfc|b`ijt- tf ~fcj` ~af f|{ ofu {ajc abvj {f|by {aj j`{iuj jq|j`tj fz{#fo#|fdgj{ !b{ befz{ +:< |ju {jt{). Ozu{aju#cfuj- {aj dab`dj ofu azcb` juufu i` {bgi`n {aj tbc|mj it ainaju ej#dbztj ef{a offk ujtikzj b`k emffk oufc emjjki`n nzct fu b tfuj i`{aj cfz{a db` df`{bci`b{j {aj tbc|mj. [ab{ tbik- {ajuj buj cb`y dmi#`idib`t- |bu{idzmbumy `b{zuf|b{at- ~af ztj tbmivbuy afucf`j mjvjmt~i{a nffk ujtzm{t. !Mbefub{fuijt {ab{ db` kf {aj tbmivb {jt{i`n ~i{a bkfd{fut |ujtdui|{if` i`dmzkj Nj`fvb Kibn`ft{idt- 1


17/42

jbumy cfuì`n !jt|jdibmmy ofu {jt{ft{juf`j mjvjmt)- b`k {aj ejt{ {icj fo{aj cf`{a it ej{~jj` kbyt 5< b`k 54 fo yfzu cj`t{uzbm dydmj- ~aj`|ufnjt{juf`j mjvjmt buj b|{ {f ej ainajt{.

Ejdbztj afucf`j mjvjmt tf fo{j` `fucbmixj fu ic|ufvj ~i{amiojt{ymj dab`njt- i{t bmtf jc|f~jui`n {f tjj af~ ~jmm yfzuj kfi`ni` ofmmf~#z| {jt{i`n.

CJ@F\BZTJ B@K [AYUFIK OZ@D[IF@

[aj fvbuijt buj {aj funb`t {ab{ ~j ofdzt f` cft{ dfccf`my b{

cj`f|bztj- ez{ {aj |aytidbm ofz`kb{if` fo b ~fcb`t cj`f|bztbmjq|juij`dj bd{zbmmy ujt{t f` {aj ajbm{a fo bmm aju j`kfdui`j !afucf`j#|ufkzdi`n) funb`t. [ayufik |ufemjct buj vjuy dfccf` kzui`n {aj|juicj`f|bztbm b`k |ft{cj`f|bztbm yjbut. âimj cb`y ~fcj`~i{a {ajtj |ufemjct buj dfc|mj{jmy btyc|{fcb{id- f{ajut cby abvjb ~ikj vbuij{y fo tyc|{fct. Bcf`n {aj cft{ dfccf` tyc|{fct bujcffk kit{zueb`djt !cft{ fo{j` tjj` i` {aj ofuc fo kj|ujttif` b`k iu#ui{beimi{y)- mf~ j`juny mjvjm- ~jina{ nbi`- cj`{bm dfòztif`- b`k tmjj|kit{zueb`djt.

[ayufik |ufemjct buj i`{icb{jmy i`{ju{~i`jk ~i{a cj`f|bztj-b`k `f{ hzt{ ejdbztj fo {aj j|ikjcifmfnidbm obd{ {ab{ befz{ 5? |ju#dj`{ fo ~fcj` i` fu `jbu |juicj`f|bztj buj kibn`ftjk ~i{a ay#|f{ayufikitc.22 Bddfuki`n {f {aj mb{j Hfa` U. Mjj- C.K.- b `f{jkdmiìdib` b`k bz{afu- {ajuj b||jbut {f ej b dbztj#b`k#joojd{ ujmb{if`#tai| ej{~jj` ay|f{ayufikitc- i` ~aida {ajuj buj i`bkjrzb{j mjvjmt fo{ayufik afucf`j- b`k jt{ufnj` kfci`b`dj. âj` jt{ufnj` it `f{|uf|jumy dfz`{juebmb`djk ~i{a |ufnjt{juf`j- i{ db` emfdg {aj bd{if`

fo {aj {ayufik afucf`j- tf jvj` ~aj` {aj {ayufik it |ufkzdi`n `fu#cbm mjvjmt fo {aj afucf`j- {aj afucf`j it uj`kjujk i`joojd{ivj b`k{aj tyc|{fct fo ay|f{ayufikitc b||jbu. I` {ait dbtj- mbefub{fuy{jt{t cby taf~ `fucbm {ayufik afucf`j mjvjmt i` b ~fcb`t tyt{jc-ejdbztj {aj {ayufik nmb`k i{tjmo it `f{ cbmoz`d{ifì`n.

I{ it `f tzu|uitj- {aj`- {ab{ {ait |ufemjc it dfc|fz`kjk ~aj` b~fcb` it |ujtduiejk tz||mjcj`{bm jt{ufnj`- mjbki`n {f b` jvj`nujb{ju icebmb`dj. I` {ab{ diudzct{b`dj- b |ujtdui|{if` ofu tz||mj#cj`{bm {ayufik afucf`j ~imm obim {f dfuujd{ {aj z`kjumyi`n |ufemjc8jt{ufnj` kfci`b`dj. Jt{ufnj` kfci`b`dj b`k bmtf nmydjcid t{ujtt!tjj dab|{ju ?- Offkt b`k Tz||mjcj`{t {f Tz||fu{ {aj Dab`nj) bujvjuy fo{j` bddfc|bìjk ey aina bkuj`bmi`j mjvjmt. B`k {ait cj{befmidti{zb{if` db` jqbdjueb{j {ayufik |ufemjct. Ajujt ~ab{ ab||j`t.Bkuj`bmi`j t{iczmb{jt {aj tyc|b{aj{id `juvfzt tyt{jc- bt kfjt

25? [AJ ÎTKFC FO CJ@F\BZTJ


18/42

nmydjcid t{ujtt. [ait i`dmzkjt i`dujbti`n {aj ajbu{ ub{j b`k emffk|ujttzuj- ~aida db` mjbk {f |bm|i{b{if`t. Ez{ i{ bmtf dbztjt jt{ufnj`{f ej cj{befmixjk i`{f tzet{b`djt g`f~` bt db{jdafmtjt{ufnj`t{ab{ {ajctjmvjt abvj bkuj`bmi`j#migj joojd{t. [aj cbi` {ayufik afu#cf`j- {ayufqi`j- bmtf t{iczmb{jt {aj ajbu{ b`k {aj tyc|b{aj{id `ju#vfzt tyt{jc. [f bkhzt{ {f {aj bmujbky {ff#aina mjvjm fo bkuj`bmi`j i`{aj tyt{jc- {aj {ayufik nmb`k fo{j` taz{t kf~` b mi{{mj {f mf~ju {ay#ufqi`j t{iczmb{if`~aida it ujstjd{jk i` tmina{my aina mjvjmt fo{ayufik#t{iczmb{i`n afucf`j ![TA).

Ay|f{ayufikitc db` ej dfòzti`n ejdbztj {ajujt b df`{i`zzcej{~jj` fvju{ b`k tzedmiìdbm ay|f{ayufikitc- ~i{a b nujb{ kjbm fo

fvjumb| ej{~jj` {aj {~f. Kj|j`ki`n z|f` ~aida jq|ju{ yfz {bmg~i{a b`k ~aida dui{juib buj ztjk ofu {aj kibn`ftit- bt cb`y bt 5: |ju#dj`{ fo |juicj`f|bztbm ~fcj` abvj tfcj gi`k fo {ayufik |ufemjc.Cft{ fo {ajtj buj dbtjt fo tzedmiìdbm ay|f{ayufikitc. i{a {ait df`#ki{if`- bm{afzna tyc|{fct cby ej |ujtj`{- {jt{t fo {ayufik oz`d{if`buj f`my tmina{my be`fucbm ![TA fo


19/42

bdajt- df`t{i|b{if`- iuui{bemj ef~jm ty`kufcj- b`k cb`y f{aju kjeim#i{b{i`n df`ki{if`t. [aj {jmm{bmj tin` {ab{ yfz kf i`kjjk abvj îmtf`tit b df`tit{j`{my ejmf~# fucbm efky {jc|jub{zuj.

Ajujt ~ay i{ kjvjmf|t. @fucbmmy- yfzu efky df`vju{t [; !f`j fo{~f {ayufik afucf`jt) i`{f [4 !{aj f{aju {ayufik afucf`j). Ez{~aj` yfzu efky t{byt b{ b tze`fucbm {jc|jub{zuj- i{ mftjt {aj beimi{y{f cbgj {ab{ df`vjutif`. [aj j`k ujtzm{ it {ab{ djmm cj{befmitc itemfdgjk- ~aida j`dfzubnjt ~jina{ nbi`- bcf`n cb`y f{aju tyc|#{fct. Io b |jutf` ~i{a îmtf`t ty`kufcj it nivj` b t{b`kbuk {ay#ufik cjkidb{if` tzda bt Ty`{aufik- i{ kfjt`{ ~fug ejdbztj {ajtjcjkidb{if`t df`{bi` f`my [;- ~aida |jf|mj ~i{a îmtf`t db`{ df`#

vju{ i`{f [4.[f tjj io yfz cby abvj îmtf`t ty`kufcj- dajdg yfzu {jc|jub#

{zuj ofu flvj kbyt i` {aj ofmmf~i`n cb``ju- zti`n b ujnzmbu nmbtt {aju#cfcj{ju !`f{ b kini{bm f`j- bm{afzna kini{bm ~imm abvj {f kf io yfzdb`{ mfdb{j b nmbtt {ajucfcj{ju). [bgj yfzu {jc|jub{zuj flut{ {ai`nbo{ju yfz ~bgj z| i` {aj cfuì`n- b`k {aj` {bgj i{ bnbi` i` {aujjafzut- b`k bnbi` bo{ju {aujj cfuj afzut. Bkk bmm {aujj `zcejut {f#nj{aju b`k kivikj {aj ujtzm{ ey {aujj {f fe{bi` yfzu kbimy bvjubnj{jc|jub{zuj. Ofmmf~ {ait |ufdjkzuj ofu flvj kbyt. !Io yfzuj `f{ yj{ i`cj`f|bztj- kf {ait f`my kzui`n {aj flut{ {~f ~jjgt fo yfzu dydmj.) Ioyfzu kbimy bvjubnjt buj ejmf~ 91.4 kjnujjt- yfz cby abvj îmtf`t.

[aj ztzbm dfzutj fo {ujb{cj`{ i`vfmvjt {bgi`n b |imm df`{biì`ntzt{bi`jk#ujmjbtj {uiifkf{ayufì`j !TU#[4) jvjuy {~jmvj afzut.Yfzmm df`{i`zj {f dajdg yfzu efky {jc|jub{zuj- b`k f`dj i{ ujbdajt91.? kjnujjt b`k t{byt {ajuj ofu {aujj ~jjgt- yfzu ajbm{a dbuj |ubd{i#{if`ju ~imm nubkzbmmy ~jb` yfz foo {aj cjkidb{if` z`{im yfz f mf`nju`jjk i{ b{ bmm. F`j t{zky fo jmjvj` |jf|mj ofmmf~i`n {ait |uf{fdfm

df`kzd{jk ey {aj Ouijkcb` Dmiìd i` Cf`{|jmiju- _jucf`{- ofz`kic|ufvjcj`{ i` bmm flvj tyc|{fct {ab{ {aj t{zky cjbtzujk fvju b |j#uifk fo {aujj ~jjgt {f f`j yjbu.24 [f fl`k b kfd{fu obcimibu ~i{a {ajkibn`ftit b`k {ujb{cj`{ fo îmtf`t ty`kufcj- viti{ ~~~.~imtf`tty`kufcj.dfc&Kfd{futMit{i`n.

[aj Ufmj fo Ifki`j i` [ayufik Kitjbtj

Tfcj |jf|mj ~i{a ay|f{ayufikitc buj kjfldij`{ i` ifki`j- b` jttj`{ibmjmjcj`{ {ab{ yfzu efky `jjkt {f |ufkzdj {ayufik afucf`jt. Io yfzu[4 b`k [; mjvjmt buj `fucbm ez{ yfzu [TA it jmjvb{jk- yfz cby i`#kjjk ej tzoojui`n oufc ifki`j kjfldij`dy. !F{aju tin`t fo ifki`j kjfl#dij`dy i`dmzkj b|b{ay- kj|ujttif`- b`k ujkzdjk cj`{bm oz`d{if`.)



20/42

Ejdbztj {aj gik`jyt jqduj{j z`ztjk ifki`j i` {aj efky- yfzu kfd{fudb` {jmm io yfz buj ifki`j kjfldij`{ ey fukjui`n b {jt{ {ab{ i`vfmvjt dfm#mjd{i`n yfzu zui`j ofu {~j`{y#ofzu afzut.

âimj ifki`j kjfldij`dy it hzt{ f`j ujbtf` ofu mf~ {ayufik mjvjmt-i{t f`j {ab{t nj{{i`n cfuj b{{j`{if` mb{jmy. [aj flut{ @b{if`bm Ajbm{ab`k @z{ui{if` Jqbci`b{if` Tzuvjy !@AB@JT I)- |juofucjk ej{~jj`29>2 b`k 29>;- ofz`k {ab{ 5.? |judj`{ fo Z.T. di{ixj`t ~juj ifki`jkjfldij`{. Ez{ ey {aj {icj {aj {aiuk tzuvjy ~bt df`kzd{jk- ej{~jj`2911 b`k 299;- {ab{ `zceju abk taf{ z| {f 22.> |judj`{. I{t dzu#uj`{my 24 |judj`{.2;

Jq|ju{t di{j b `zceju fo ujbtf`t ofu {aj mf~ju ifki`j mjvjmt. J`#

viuf`cj`{bm df`dju`t tzda bt kjofujt{b{if` b`k juftif` buj ujtzm{i`ni` mf~ju df`dj`{ub{if`t fo ifki`j i` fzu tfim- ~aida cjb`t {ajujt mjttifki`j i` {aj offk {ab{t nuf~` i` {ab{ tfim. \jf|mj buj bmtf df`tzc#i`n oj~ju jnnt !kzj {f df`dju`t befz{ dafmjt{jufm) b`k flta !ejdbztjfo df`dju`t befz{ cjudzuy)- ef{a tfzudjt fo ifki`j. \juab|t cft{tinìfldb`{ it {aj obd{ {ab{ Bcjuidb`t buj zti`n mjtt {bemj tbm{- b` ic#|fu{b`{ tfzudj fo ifki`j- ejdbztj {ajyuj df`dju`jk befz{ ay|ju{j`#tif`. juj bmtf dffgi`n mjtt b`k jb{i`n cfuj |ufdjttjk offkt- ~aidanj`jubmmy df`{bi` b {y|j fo tbm{ {ab{ abt mf~ju mjvjmt fo ifki`j.

Jvj` tf- cfuj miejubm ztj fo {aj tbm{ tabgju it`{ `jdjttbuimy {ajb`t~ju- ejdbztj bddfuki`n {f {aj ^fumk Ajbm{a Funbìxb{if`- {ajbcfz`{ fo ifki`j bkkjk {f tbm{ it`{ bm~byt df`tit{j`{ b`k mjvjmt db`vbuy oufc |bdgbnj {f |bdgbnj. Mjvjmt fo ifki`j bmtf kjdujbtj io tbm{ itt{fujk i` f|j` df`{bi`jut- jt|jdibmmy i` b azcik j`viuf`cj`{. B ej{#{ju ~by {f |zc| z| mf~ ifki`j mjvjmt it ey jb{i`n tjb vjnj{bemjt !i`#dmzki`n `fui- gfcez- ~bgbcj- b`k bubcj)- ~aida abvj {aj ainajt{df`dj`{ub{if`t fo ifki`j fo b`y offk bvbimbemj. Yfz db` fl`k {ajtj

vjnj{bemjt i` ajbm{a offk t{fujt- i` {aj Btib` offkt tjd{if` fo yfzunufdjuy t{fuj !fu i` Btib` nufdjuy t{fujt)- fu f` {aj I`{ju`j{. I ztjCbi`j Dfbt{ Tjb _jnj{bemjt !~~~.tjbvjn.dfc)- ~aida buj tzt{bi`#bemy nb{ajujk b`k |ufdjttjk oufc {aj |uit{i`j ~b{jut fo {aj Cbi`jdfbt{.

Iufìdbmmy- {ff czda ifki`j i` yfzu efky db` taz{ kf~` {aj |uf#kzd{if` fo {ayufik afucf`j- bmtf mjbki`n {f mf~ju mjvjmt- tf kf`{fvjukf i{. T{bu{ tmf~- bkki`n f`j fu {~f {bemjt|ff`t fo tjb vjnj{bemjt|ju ~jjg {f yfzu kij{. B{ {aj tbcj {icj- ej tzuj {f jb{ offkt aina i`{aj {ubdj jmjcj`{ tjmjìzc !i`dmzki`n jnnt- cjb{- flta- djujbm- b`k`z{t). Io yfzuj bmujbky {bgi`n {ayufik cjkidb{if`- yfzu kfd{fu ~imm|ufebemy ~b`{ {f cfì{fu yfzu [TA mjvjmt jvjuy jina{ ~jjgt fu tf i`fukju {f bkhzt{ yfzu kftj- io `jdjttbuy.



21/42

ÂB[ J_JUYF@J TAFZMK G@F^ BEFZ[ IFKI@J

Ifkikj !b {y|j fo dfc|fz`k {ab{ i`dmzkjt ifki`j- b`k {ajofuc {ab{ it bkkjk {f {bemj tbm{) it b dajcidbm g`f~` bt babmikj. F{aju abmikjt i`dmzkj damfuikj- stzfuikj- b`k eufcikj.Fvju {aj mbt{ ofu{y yjbut fu tf- dfccjudibm eujbkcbgjut abvjtzet{i{z{jk eufcikj ofu ifkikj- b`k stzfuikj abt ejj` bkkjk{f {aj ~b{ju tz||my. !Bm{afzna {aj nfvju`cj`{ abt ujdj`{mymf~jujk {aj ujdfccj`kjk mjvjmt ofu {aj flut{ {icj i` bmcft{

flo{y yjbut ejdbztj daimkuj` buj bmujbky nj{{i`n tf czda stzf#uikj oufc {ff{a|bt{jt- i` bkki{if` {f {b| ~b{ju- {ab{ {ajyujkjvjmf|i`n t|mf{dajt f` {ajiu {jj{a.) [ajtj abmikjt- ~aida dbèj ainamy {fqid- db` kit|mbdj ifki`j oufc {aj djmmt. âj` yfzbkk ifki`j {f yfzu kij{ fu t{bu{ {bgi`n ifki`j tz||mjcj`{t- i{db` tfcj{icjt kit|mbdj damfuikj- stzfuikj- b`k eufcikj oufc{aj djmmt. [aj ujtzm{ it fo{j` b ubta. [ait ubta it {aj` b{{uie#z{jk {f ifki`j- ~aj` i` obd{ i{t tic|my b kj{fqifldb{if` ujbd#{if` oufc {aj efky nj{{i`n uik fo jqdjtt eufcikj fu f{aju{fqid abmikjt. [aj tfmz{if` it {f tic|my dz{ ebdg f` {ajbcfz`{ fo ifki`j yfz buj zti`n.

I` {aftj ~af buj {bgi`n {ayufik afucf`j- {aj i`{ufkzd{if`fo ifki`j fo{j` i`dujbtjt {aj efkyt db|bdi{y {f |ufkzdj {ay#ufik afucf`j f` i{t f~`. [azt ~fcj` {bgi`n {ayufik cjk#idb{if` ~af ejni` {bgi`n ifki`j cby ~jmm kjvjmf| tabgi`jtt-ub|ik ajbu{ ub{j- b`k `juvfzt`jttbmm ujtzm{i`n oufc {ffczda {ayufik afucf`j. [ait db` ej ujcjkijk ey dz{{i`n ebdg

f` {aj {ayufik kftbnj tmf~my b`k dbujozmmy. âj` bkki`n if#ki`j bt b tz||mjcj`{- ~fug ~i{a b |ubd{i{if`ju ~af it obcim#ibu ~i{a {aj joojd{t fo ifki`j b`k {ayufik afucf`j tf {ab{ yfzdb` bdaijvj f|{icbm ebmb`dj. @f{j {ab{ {aj j`{iuj {f|id fo if#ki`j tz||mjcj`{b{if` it ainamy df`{ufvjutibm.

F`dj bkuj`bm t{ujtt- nmydjcid t{ujtt- ifki`j kjfldij`dy- b`k jt{ufnj`kfci`b`dj buj bkkujttjk {aufzna cfkbmi{ijt tzda bt tz||mjcj`{b{if`-bkjrzb{j ujt{- b`k `b{zubm mina{- {ayufik mjvjmt cby ujdfvju. I` {ajcjb`{icj- i{t fo{j` ajm|ozm {f {bgj b tcbmm kftj fo {ayufik uj|mbdj#cj`{ {ab{ dfc|uitjt ef{a {y|jt fo {ayufik afucf`jt ![4 b`k [;).Bucfzu [ayufik it {aj cft{ dfccf`my ztjk |uj|bub{if` {ab{ i`dmzkjtef{a afucf`jt. I{ it ~ikjmy bvbimbemj b{ bmm |abucbdijt ey |ujtdui|{if`.

24< [AJ ÎTKFC FO CJ@F\BZTJ


22/42

Jvj` io tz||mjcj`{bm {ayufik afucf`j kfjt ajm| bmmjvib{j {aj jq#it{i`n ay|f{ayufikitc- i` b tinìfldb`{ |fu{if` fo {ajtj dbtjt {ajtyc|{fc fo kj|ujttif` |jutit{t- ofu b tj|bub{j b`k ub{aju tzu|uiti`nujbtf`8 kj|ujttif` i{tjmo db` ujtzm{ i` {ayufik kytoz`d{if`. [ujb{i`n{aj ay|f{ayufikitc- i` f{aju ~fukt- cby ej {ujb{i`n b tyc|{fcub{aju {ab` {aj z`kjumyi`n dbztj.

Bmmf~ cj {f jq|mbi`. [aj {ayufik nmb`k it mfdb{jk i` {aj flo{adabgub- {aj |bu{ fo {aj efky ujmb{jk {f fzu dujb{ivj jq|ujttif`- {ic#i`n- b`k ~imm. Mj{t t{bu{ ~i{a dujb{ivj jq|ujttif`. [afzna jvjuy f`jfo zt it dujb{ivj ey `b{zuj- ~j {j`k {f mi`g ~i{a dujb{ivi{y bu{it{t. I{t`f tjduj{ {ab{ {ajuj buj obu cfuj tzddjttozm b`k ~jmm#g`f~` cbmj

bu{it{t- ~ui{jut- dfc|ftjut- b`k cztidib`t {ab` ojcbmj f`jt. [ait itejdbztj- z| z`{im vjuy ujdj`{my- ~fcj`t dujb{ivj jq|ujttif`- i`dmzk#i`n {aj ~fukt ~juj mf`ni`n {f t|jbg- abvj `f{ ejj` bt ainamy vbmzjkfu bt ~jmm ujdjivjk bt {aftj fo cj`. ^juj boubik {ab{ ~j ~f`{ ejajbuk fu {ab{ ~ab{ ~j abvj {f tby ~imm ej kitdfz`{jk. B`k tf- {f gjj|{aj |jbdj- ~j mjbu` {f t~bmmf~ fzu ~fukt fu {f jki{ fz{ {aj |bu{t {ab{~j ojbu f{ajut ~f`{ ej bemj {f ajbu.

[aj` {ajujt {aj ittzj fo {ici`n. Fzu jq|juij`dj fo {icj kiujd{myboojd{t jvjuy djmm fo fzu efkijt- i`dmzki`n fzu {ayufik. Af~ fo{j` kf~j tby- I kf`{ abvj {icj- Ic uz`ì`n fz{ fo {icjfu [ajujt`jvju j`fzna {icj6 ^j buj dzuuj`{my mivi`n i` b dzm{zuj i` ~aidajbda fo zt abt {f |ufdjtt cfuj iòfucb{if` i` b kby {ab` fzu nub`k#|buj`{t abk {f kjbm ~i{a i` b` j`{iuj yjbu. [icj- i{ tjjct- it t|jjki`nz|- ~i{a cfuj b`k cfuj {f kf b`k mjtt b`k mjtt {icj i` ~aida {f kfi{. âj` I ~uf{j {aj flut{ jki{if` fo^fcj`t Efkijt- ^fcj`t ît#kfc- I kik`{ abvj b djmm |af`j- b`k {aj I`{ju`j{ ~bt hzt{ nj{{i`nt{bu{jk" [aj f`my ~by {f t{f| {ait ajbkmf`n ubdj {f `f~ajuj it {f

dab`nj fzu ujmb{if`tai| {f {icj. \tydafmfnit{ Nby Aj`kuidgt tzn#njt{t {ab{ ~j bkf|{ Ji`t{ji` {icj b`k tjj fzutjmvjt bt {aj |mbdj~ajuj {icj dfcjt oufc. Aj bmtf |fi`{t fz{ af~ tzehjd{ivj fzu jq|j#uij`dj fo {icj ujbmmy it. Io yfzu ab`k it f` b af{ t{fvj- jvjuy tjdf`kojjmt migj b` j{juì{y. âj` yfzuj cbgi`n mfvj- {icj stijt. Aj`kuidgt|fi`{t fz{ {ab{ ~j `jvju abvj j`fzna {icj {f ~bt{j i{ f` {aj {ai`nt~j kf`{ ~b`{ {f kf. [ait it jt|jdibmmy {uzj b{ cikmioj- ~aj` ~j czt{fl`k b ~by {f |bu{idi|b{j i` {aftj bd{ivi{ijt {ab{ ojjk fzu tfzmtbd{ivi{ijt i` ~aida {icj tjjct {f t{b`k t{imm ofu zt.

âb{ befz{ ~imm6 Cikmioj it b {icj ~aj` yfz czt{ tzuuj`kju yfzujnft ~imm {f yfzu tfzmt Kivi`j ~imm. B ouij`k fo ci`j {fmk cj {ab{aju {ayufik |ufemjct t{bu{jk ~aj` taj ejnb` {f vij~ aju hfe bt bcf{aju b`k ezti`jtt f~`ju bt b tz|ujcj {jt{ fo aju ~imm. Af~ dfzmktaj nj{ aju azteb`k- daimkuj`- b`k eftt {f kf ~ab{ taj ~b`{jk {ajc



23/42

{f kf6 âj` I ~bt i` dfmmjnj- taj tbik- I ojm{ bt {afzna I ~bt |bu{fo b Kivi`j |mb`. I mffgjk {f cy Ainaju \f~ju {f nzikj cy bd{if`t.Ez{ ~aj` I nf{ cbuuijk- I ofunf{ bmm befz{ Kivi`j ~imm b`k i`t{jbk mj{cy mioj ej uzmjk ey tfcj b`{irzb{jk ikjb fo ~ab{ b cf{aju ~bt tz|#|ftjk {f kf. Cy ouij`k ujbmixjk {ab{ taj ~bt z`df`tdifztmy ofmmf~#i`n i` aju f~` cf{ajut off{t{j|t. Aju cf{aju t|j`kt afzut jbda~jjg j`{ju{biì`n |jf|mj ~afc taj dmbict taj kfjt`{ jvj` migj b`kkfi`n {btgt ofu aju dazuda {ab{ taj ojjmt kz{y#efz`k {f dbuuy fz{ jvj`{afzna {ajy eui`n aju `f hfy ~ab{tfjvju.

Bt yfz db` dmjbumy tjj- {ayufik ebmb`dj it czm{iobdj{jk. I` fukjuofu {ait dfc|mjq- j`{b`nmjk t{b{j fo boobiut {f ej ujtfmvjk- b ~fcb`

cina{ `jjk {f {bgj `f{ f`my tz||mjcj`{bm |ufnjt{juf`j- {ayufik afu#cf`j- b`k ifki`j- ez{ bmtf b` zèmi`gi`n mffg b{ ~ab{ |bu{t fo ajumioj b`k i`{ju|jutf`bm ujmb{if`tai|t `jjk {f dab`nj.

CJ@F\BZTJ B@K BKUJ@BM OZ@D[IF@

[aj {~f {azce#tixjk bkuj`bm nmb`kt tjduj{j {aujj gjy afucf`jt {ab{ajm| zt ~i{at{b`k cb`y fo {aj t{ujttjt b`k ezukj`t fo mioj. Af~jvju-io b ~fcb` abt mivjk ofu b mf`n {icj ~i{a {aj |judj|{if` {ab{ aju miojit i`jtdb|bemy t{ujttozm- fu io taj it daufìdbmmy imm- {aj` dab`djt bujtaj abt btgjk {ff czda fo aju bkuj`bm nmb`kt b`k abt f{ nivj` {ajcbkjrzb{j {icj {f uj|mjìta {ajctjmvjt. Taj cby ej f`j fo {aj cb`y{fkby ~af j`{ju cj`f|bztj i` b t{b{j fo bkuj`bm jqabzt{if`.

[f z`kjut{b`k ~ab{ daufìd jqabzt{if` cby kf {f {aj efky b`kaf~ i{ boojd{t yfzu cj`f|bztbm jq|juij`dj- i{t ic|fu{b`{ {f g`f~~ab{ {aj bkuj`bm nmb`kt kf ofu yfz f` b kby#{f#kby ebtit- {aufzna {aj

joojd{t fo {aujj kit{i`d{ ez{ dfc|mjcj`{buy afucf`jt {ajy tjduj{j.

# `fuj|i`j|aui`j !bkuj`bmi`j) it {aj flna{#fu#stina{ afucf`j- |uf#kzdjk ~aj` tfcj{ai`n it {aujb{jì`n yfz !fu ~aj` yfz {ai`g {ab{tfcj{ai`n it {aujb{jì`n yfz). I{ cbgjt yfzu ajbu{ |fz`k- yfzuemffk uzta {f yfzu ajbu{ b`k mbunj cztdmj nufz|t- yfzu |z|imt~ikj`- yfzu eubi` tabu|j`- b`k yfzu {fmjub`dj ofu |bi` i`dujbtj-tf yfz db` ej b{ yfzu ejt{ i` eb{{mj. I` cfkju`#kby mioj yfzu eb{#{mjt buj migjmy {f df`tit{ fo kbimy dabmmj`njt tzda bt |ztai`n yfzuefky {f gjj| nfi`n ~aj` i{t ob{inzjk- kjbmi`n ~i{a b t{ujttozm hfe-b`k ujbd{i`n ~i{a rzidg ujstjqjt {f bvfik b {ubofld bddikj`{. [ai`gfo {ajtj bkuj`bmi`j tzunjt bt ~i{akub~bmt oufc b eb`g- {f ajm| yfznj{ {aufzna miojt ufzna t|f{t. Io yfz abvj nf{{j` i`{f {aj abei{ fo~i{akub~i`n bkuj`bmi`j oufc yfzu bddfz`{ {ff fo{j`- yfzmm jvj`#



24/42

{zbmmy ej fvjukub~`. Yfzu bkuj`bm nmb`kt ~imm ej fvju~ajmcjk-b`k yfzmm abvj {ff mi{{mj bkuj`bmi`j ~aj` yfz ujbmmy `jjk i{.

# dfu{itfm i`dujbtjt yfzu b||j{i{j b`k j`juny mjvjm ~aimj {bci`n{aj bmmjunid b`k i`stbccb{fuy ujt|f`tjt fo yfzu iccz`j tyt{jc.I{ t{iczmb{jt {aj miejub{if` b`k t{fubnj fo j`juny i` {aj efky-ajm|t {aj efky ujtit{ {aj t{ujttozm joojd{t fo iòjd{if`t- {ubzcb-b`k {jc|jub{zuj jq{ujcjt- b`k ajm|t yfz cbi`{bi` t{bemj jcf#{if`t. Ty`{aj{id vjutif`t fo dfu{itfm|ujk itf`j b`k dfu{itf`j- ofujqbc|mjbuj |ujtduiejk fo{j` i` azcb` b`k vj{jui`buy cjkidi`j{f ajm| {aj |b{ij`{ |jug z| b`k ojjm ej{{ju tf aj&taj ~imm jb{- kui`g-b`k cfvj bufz`k cfuj b`k {ajujofuj ej ej{{ju bemj {f flna{ foo imm#`jtt fu ajbm oufc b` i`hzuy. Ikjbmmy- dfu{itfm it ujmjbtjk i`{f {aj tyt#{jc f`my f` b` fddbtif`bm ebtit- ub{aju {ab` i` ujt|f`tj {f daufìdt{ujtt. Z`kjtiubemj tikj joojd{t db` fddzu io dfu{itfm mjvjmt ejdfcj{ff aina ofu {ff mf`n. [ajtj i`dmzkj mftt fo ef`j kj`ti{y- cztdmj~bt{i`n- {ai`ì`n fo {aj tgi`- kjdujbtjk beimi{y {f ezimk |uf{ji`-gik`jy kbcbnj- stzik uj{j`{if`- t|igi`n emffk tznbu mjvjmt- ~jina{nbi`- b`k i`dujbtjk vzm`jubeimi{y {f ebd{juib- viuztjt- oz`ni- yjbt{t-bmmjunijt- |bubti{jt- b`k jvj` db`dju. Io yfzvj jvju tjj` b`yf`j f`

aina#kftj |ujkìtf`j- yfzvj tjj` af~ {ait kuzn db` bkvjutjmy bo#ojd{ {aj efky.

#kjaykufj|ib`kuft{juf`j- bmtf g`f~` bt KAJB- it b` b`#kufnj` {ab{ it |ufkzdjk ey ef{a {aj bkuj`bm nmb`kt b`k {ajfvbuijt. I` ef{a ~fcj` b`k cj`- KAJB ajm|t {f `jz{ubmixj dfu{i#tfmt iccz`j#tz||ujttb`{ joojd{- {ajujey ic|ufvi`n ujtit{b`dj {fkitjbtj. !Dfu{itfm b`k KAJB buj i`vjutjmy |uf|fu{if`bm {f jbdaf{aju. âj` f`j it z|- {aj f{aju nfjt kf~`.) KAJB bmtf ajm|t {f

|uf{jd{ b`k i`dujbtj ef`j kj`ti{y- nzbukt dbukifvbtdzmbu ajbm{a eygjj|i`n ebk dafmjt{jufm !MKM) mjvjmt z`kju df`{ufm- |ufvikjt bnj`jubm tj`tj fo vi{bmi{y b`k j`juny- ajm|t gjj| {aj ci`k tabu|- b`kbikt i` cbi`{biì`n `fucbm tmjj| |b{{ju`t. Migj `fuj|i`j|aui`jb`k dfu{itfm- KAJB bmtf ic|ufvjt yfzu beimi{y {f ujdfvju oufcj|itfkjt fo t{ujtt b`k {ubzcb- fvju~fug- {jc|jub{zuj jq{ujcjt-b`k tf ofu{a. B`k io b ~fcb` it jq|juij`di`n b kjdmi`j i` mieikfkzj {f obmmi`n {jt{ft{juf`j mjvjmt- fo{j` i{ it kjdmiì`n KAJB mjvjmt{ab{ buj b{ {aj uff{ fo {aj {jt{ft{juf`j kjfldij`dy- bt KAJB it {ajcbi` i`nujkij`{ oufc ~aida {aj efky cb`zobd{zujt {jt{ft{juf`j.

[ajuj it b |uidj {f |by ofu cbgi`n {ff cb`y kjcb`kt f` yfzu bk#uj`bm nmb`kt. Jqdjttivj jq|ftzuj fo {aj efky {f bkuj`bmi`j b`k dfu{i#tfm db` ujtzm{ i` cffk kitfukjut- tmjj| kit{zueb`djt- ujkzdjk



25/42

ujtit{b`dj {f kitjbtj- b`k dab`njt i` vi{bm diudzmb{if`- bmm fo ~aida bujdfccf` dfc|mbi`{t i` {fkbyt mivi`n#f`#{aj#jknj miojt{ymj. B`k ej#dbztj {ajtj tikj joojd{t buj `f{ z`dfcofu{bemj j`fzna {f ej i`{fmjub#emj- {aj tjmo#kjt{uzd{ivj miojt{ymj fo{j` df`{i`zjt. KAJB- ~aida ajm|t{aj efky ujdfvju oufc {ait tfu{ fo daufìd beztj- fl`kt i{tjmo f` kz{yozmm#{icj i`t{jbk fo f`my j|itfkidbmmy. Nubkzbmmy {aj bkuj`bm nmb`ktejdfcj tjuifztmy jqabzt{jk- ~i{a {aj flut{ b`k cft{ |ufofz`k joojd{eji`n {ajiu ~bì`n beimi{y {f |ufkzdj KAJB. Bt mjvjmt fo {ait ujt{fub#{ivj afucf`j obmm- dfu{itfm b`k bkuj`bmi`j mjvjmt ejni` {f stzd{zb{jbt ~jmm- bt {aj bkuj`bm nmb`kt b{{jc|{ {f flmm i`dujbti`nmy ic|fttiemjfukjut ofu cfuj tz||fu{. F`j fo {aj dbuki`bm tin`t fo bkuj`bm

jqabzt{ifùjmj`{mjtt- kjeimi{b{i`n ob{inzjejdfcjt b |ufci`j`{dfc|mbi`{. [afzna {ait ob{inzj it fo{j` bddfc|bìjk ey kj|ujttjkcffk- iuui{beimi{y- i`tfcìb- b`k mftt fo i`{jujt{ i` mioj- {ait kfjt`{cjb` {ab{ {aj bkuj`bm |ufemjc it `jdjttbuimy {aj dbztj fo {aj cffkdab`nj- b`y cfuj {ab` ticimbu |ufemjct buj bm~byt dbztjk ey {ayufikcbmoz`d{if`. [ab{ it ~ay {ajtj jcf{if`bm tyc|{fct kf f{ bm~byt nfb~by ~i{a {ujb{cj`{{aj z`kjumyi`n ittzjt ujcbi` zùjtfmvjk.

B ~fcb` i` b t{b{j fo bkuj`bm jqabzt{if` it migjmy {f fl`k ajutjmob{ b kit{i`d{ kitbkvb`{bnj ~aj` j`{jui`n |juicj`f|bztj- ejdbztj i`{aj tic|mjt{ {juct |juicj`f|bztj it b`f{aju ofuc fo t{ujtt. Ozu{aju#cfuj- bkuj`bm jqabzt{if` tznnjt{t {ab{ {ajuj buj mf`n#t{b`ki`n mioj|ufemjct i` `jjk fo ujtfmz{if`. [ajtj ittzjt ~imm mffc bmm {aj mbunju~aj` tjj` ~i{a {aj `f#`f`tj`tj cj`{bm dmbui{y fo |juicj`f|bztj-ez{ `f{ f`my ~imm bkuj`bm jqabzt{if` cbgj {aj {ub`ti{if` `jjkmjttmyz`|mjbtb`{- i{ bmtf db` kj|uivj b ~fcb` fo {aj ujtfzudjt taj jjkt {fbkkujtt {aftj ittzjt b`k {f {bgj ozmm bkvb`{bnj fo {aj dujb{ivj |ufc#itj fo {aj tjdf`k abmo fo aju mioj.

Io b ~fcb` it ojjmi`n daufìdbmmy {iujk fu kj|ujttjk- io taj ejni`taju kby ojjmi`n i`bkjrzb{jmy ujt{jk- fu io taj fl`kt {ab{ fuki`buyt{ujttjt buj abvi`n b` ic|bd{ {ab{ it fz{ fo |uf|fu{if` {f {ajiu ic|fu#{b`dj- taj cby ej tzoojui`n oufc bkuj`bm nmb`k kytoz`d{if`.

Bkuj`bm [jt{i`n

Tbmivbuy fu tjuzc KAJB b`k dfu{itfm mjvjmt db` ej jbtimy {jt{jk{aufzna bddujki{jk mbefub{fuijt. !Mbefub{fuijt {ab{ db` kf {ait ~i{ab kfd{fut |ujtdui|{if` i`dmzkj Nj`fvb Kibn`ft{idt- 1


26/42

i`kidb{j {ab{ yfzu bkuj`bmt buj `fucbm. Af~jvju- b ej{{ju kibn`ft#{id b||ufbda ~imm {jt{ yfzu mjvjmt b{ kioojuj`{ {icjt fo {aj kby- ~aida itczda cfuj migjmy {f ujvjbm b` fz{#fo#~abdg |b{{ju` fo dfu{itfm fuKAJB tjduj{if`. [ait it b dbtj i` ~aida tbmivb {jt{i`n it obu jbtiju {abàbvi`n czm{i|mj emffk {jt{t i` b kby" Io yfz ~b`{ {f ej {jt{jk ofu bk#uj`bm oz`d{if`- tjj b ajbm{a dbuj |ubd{i{if`ju ~af z`kjut{b`kt {ajdfc|mjqi{ijt fo bkuj`bm {jt{i`n. !Ajbm{a dbuj |ubd{i{if`jut {ubi`jk iòz`d{if`bm cjkidi`j buj b nffk dafidj. Tjj {aj I`t{i{z{j ofu Oz`d{if`bmCjkidi`jt ~jeti{j- ~~~.oz`d{if`bmcjkidi`j.fun- ofu ujojuubmt.)

BKUJ@BM T[UJTTFUT

[aj ofmmf~i`n t{ujttfut db` mjbk {f ob{inzj b`k- zm{icb{jmy-bkuj`bm kytoz`d{if`~aida cby- i` {zu`- cbgj tfcj t{ujt#tfut ~futj8

# Jqdjttivj- zùjci{{i`n ~fuuy- b`nju- nzim{- b`qij{y- fu ojbu

#

Kj|ujttif`# Jqdjttivj jqjuditj

# Daufìd jq|ftzuj {f i`kzt{uibm fu f{aju {fqi`t

# Daufìd fu tjvjuj bmmjunijt

#Fvju~fug- ef{a |aytidbm b`k cj`{bm !{ait b||mijt f`my ioyfzuj kfi`n ~fug {ab{ kfjt`{ ozmflmm yfz)

# Daufìdbmmy mb{j afzut fu i`tzofldij`{ tmjj|

#

Zàjbmjk {ubzcb fu i`hzuy# Daufìd imm`jtt

# Mina{# dydmj kituz|{if`8 taio{ ~fug

# Tzunjuy

Af~ {f Ujt{fuj Yfzu Bkuj`bm Oz`d{if`

Io- bo{ju {jt{i`n- yfz fl`k {ab{ yfz buj |ufkzdi`n i`bkjrzb{j mjvjmt fobkuj`bm afucf`jt- {ajuj buj tjvjubm bvbimbemj ufz{jt ofu i`dujbti`nji{aju KAJB- dfu{itfm- fu ef{a. F`j it ey {bgi`n {aj afucf`jkiujd{my. [aj f{aju~aida it ikjbm ~aj`jvju |fttiemjit {f ujt{fujbkuj`bm ajbm{a b`k oz`d{if` tf {ab{ {ajtj nmb`kt buj jvj`{zbmmy

[AIT DB@[ EJ CJ@F\BZTJ- DB@ I[6 24:


27/42

bemj {f |ufkzdj {aj afucf`jt yfz `jjk ~i{afz{ fz{tikj tz||mj#cj`{t. [ab{ ~imm ujrziuj cbgi`n dab`njt i` {aj miojt{ymj {ab{ dbztjk{aj bkuj`bm kj|mj{if`. Io yfz tz||mjcj`{ yfzu bkuj`bm afucf`jt i`kftbnjt {ab{ buj {ff aina- fu io yfz {bgj tz||mjcj`{t ofu {ff mf`n- {ajujtzm{ db` ej |jucb`j`{ kj|ujttif` fo bkuj`bm oz`d{if`.

kajb8 KAJB it bvbimbemj bt {bemj{t- {ub`tkjucbm dujbct- fu tze#mi`nzbm {i`d{zujt. [afzna KAJB it bvbimbemj fvju {aj dfz`{ju i` `b{#zubm offk t{fujt- rzbmi{y vbuijt ~ikjmy. I{ it bm~byt ejt{ {f ~fug ~i{ab ajbm{a dbuj |ufvikju ~af db` ajm| yfz cfì{fu yfzu kftbnj b`kyfzu emffk fu tbmivbuy mjvjmt. Bmtf- I ujdfccj`k cbgi`n tzuj yfz buj

{bgi`n |abucbdjz{idbm#nubkj KAJB. !Tjj Ujtfzudjt.) Ujnbukmjtt foaf~ yfz {bgj yfzu KAJB- emffk fu tbmivbuy mjvjmt tafzmk ej uj{bgjùjnzmbumy z`{im {ajy uj{zu` {f `fucbm. âj` mjvjmt uj{zu` {f {aj `fu#cbm ub`nj- {aj kftj tafzmk ej nubkzbmmy {b|jujk z`{im yfzuj foo {ajafucf`j dfc|mj{jmy.

KAJB db` bmtf ej i`dujbtjk ey ofdzti`n cfuj f` mfvi`n{afzna{t {ab{ eui`n yfz |mjbtzuj !tzda bt {ai`gi`n befz{ mfvjk f`jt-obvfui{j |j{t- b kjmidifzt cjbm- fu b t~jj{ cjcfuy) b`k mjtt f`{afzna{t {ab{ buj t{ujttozm. [ait mjbuì`n {f {ai`g ~i{a yfzu ajbu{cby ej dabmmj`ni`n b{ flut{- ez{ ejdbztj i{ tafu{#diudzi{t {aj abuckf`j ey {aj efkyt |aytifmfnidbm ujbd{if` {f t{ujtt- i{t b vbmzbemjtgimm. I ujdfccj`k {aj {ubiì`n |ufnubct b`k effgt oufc {ajI`t{i{z{j fo Ajbu{Cb{a. !Ofu cfuj iòfucb{if` f` Ajbu{Cb{a- dbmm{aj i`t{i{z{j b{ 1


28/42

Ujcjceju {ab{ dbooji`j ~ai|t yfzu bkuj`bmt i`{f b ouj`xy7 bvfik i{bm{fnj{aju. Bmtf bvfik obt{i`n fu dmjb`ti`n ujnicj`t.

`z{ui{if`bm tz||mjcj`{t8 Tz||mjcj`{ yfzu kij{ b{ {ajainaju ub`njt fo {aj `z{uij`{t mit{jk i` dab|{ju >- |bnjt 5?25?5- ofub{ mjbt{ {aujj cf`{at ofu ejt{ ujtzm{t. Bo{ju {ab{- yfz db` ujkzdj {ajckj|j`ki`n z|f` af~ yfz ojjm. Ej tzuj yfzuj {bgi`n |mj`{y fo vi{b#ci` D !2-


29/42

fo :82 tfmik midfuidj uff{ jq{ubd{ {aujj {icjt b kby. Midfuidj {jb itb`f{aju nffk bm{ju`b{ivj. I |ujoju [ubki{if`bm Cjkidi`bmt FunbìdMidfuidj Uff{ {jb. I{t fl`j {f kui`g {aujj {f ofzu dz|t |ju kby io yfzuemffk |ujttzuj it t{bemj.

ÂB[ [F JQ\JD[ I@ YFZU [UB@TI[IF@Kjt|i{j {aj obd{ {ab{ {ajuj buj t{bdgt fo effgt kjtduiei`n {aj `fu#cbm tyc|{fct fo |juicj`f|bztj- cb`y ~fcj` jtdb|j cft{ fu bmmfo {ajc. @f`j{ajmjtt- {ajuj buj b `zceju fo tyc|{fct {ab{ ~fcjì` {ait dzm{zuj uj|fu{ oujrzj`{my- b`k yfz cby ~b`{ {f ujvij~ {aj mit{f` {aj ofmmf~i`n |bnjt i` fukju {f ej iòfucjk b`k |uj|bujk. I{ cbybmtf kjdujbtj yfzu b`qij{y befz{ b |bu{idzmbu tyc|{fc {f g`f~ {ab{i{ it ujmb{jk {f b `fucbm {ub`ti{if`.

Ejbu i` ci`k {aj ofmmf~i`n dbvjb{8 i{ it |fttiemj ofu yfzu jq|jd{b#{if` fo yfzu cj`f|bztbm jq|juij`dj {f ejdfcj yfzu ujbmi{y tic|myejdbztj i{t ~ab{ yfz ejmijvj ~imm ab||j`. Ujcjceju {ab{ i` tfcjdzm{zujt ~fcj` ubujmy uj|fu{ b`y tyc|{fct oufc |juicj`f|bztj-b`k i{ it `f{ `jdjttbuimy ~ui{{j` i`{f yfzu eifmfnidbm tdui|{ {ab{ yfz~imm abvj b`y kitdfcofu{- ji{aju.

Ujcjceju bmtf {ab{ yfzu cf{ajut cj`f|bztj jq|juij`dj |ufeb#emy dujb{jk b |f~juozm z`df`tdifzt emzj|ui`{ ofu yfz. F`j fo cyujbkjut {fmk cj {ab{ aju cf{aju bm~byt tbik {ab{ aju mioj ic|ufvjkkubcb{idbmmy bo{ju cj`f|bztj b`k {ab{ i{ ~bt {aj ejt{ {ai`n {ab{ jvjuab||j`jk {f aju. Tf ~aj` taj ajutjmo ~j`{ {aufzna i{- taj ojm{ jqbd{my{aj tbcj ~by bt aju cf{aju. Io yfzu cf{ajut jq|juij`dj ~bt `jnb#{ivj- f` {aj f{aju ab`k- yfz `jjk `f{ bttzcj {ab{ yfz ~imm ofmmf~ i`


Mbt{ cj`t{uzbm |juifk

Embkkju

kitdfcofu{

Af{ ombtajt

Iuujnzmbu |juifkt

Cffk t~i`nt

Ajbu{

kitjbtj

_bni`bm

kitdfcofu{

Ft{jf|fuftit

;


30/42

aju off{t{j|t. Ofdzt i`t{jbk f` {aj ~byt i` ~aida yfz buj kioojuj`{oufc yfzu cf{aju- b`k dafftj b `j~ b`k ic|ufvjk tdui|{ ofu yfzu#tjmo. !Tjj cy effg Cf{aju#Kbzna{ju ^itkfc WEb`{bc Effgt- 5


31/42

~ai{j eujbk- ~i`j b`k ejju- b`k tf f`. Dfoojjjvj` kjdbobmtf{uinnjut {ajc i` tfcj ~fcj`. Jqdjtt ~jina{ b`k dinbuj{{j tcfgi`nabvj ejj` ikj`{ifljk bt f{aju uitg obd{fut.2>

[ajuj buj cb`y b||ufbdajt {f dffmi`n af{ stbtajt. Jt{ufnj` {aju#b|y it befz{ 9: |judj`{ joojd{ivj- b`k z`{im {aj ^fcj`t Ajbm{a Iì#{ib{ivj t{zky- i{ ~bt df`tikjujk {aj nfmk t{b`kbuk ofu af{ stbta ujmijo.B 5 |judj`{ |ufnjt{juf`j tgi` dujbc bmtf ~fugt i cb`y |jui#cj`f|bztbm ~fcj`7 bt mi{{mj bt {t| !5- [aj Cj`f|bztj Offk \mb .) Tfy offkt !b {f{bm fo;:2?< cn fo tfy itfstbvf`jt |ju kby) |ufvikj ujmijo- bt kf cb`yajuet- tzda bt embdg dfafta- kf`n rzbi- dabt{jejuuy- cbdb- fu \zj#ubuib ciuifldb. Bdz|z`d{zuj db` bmtf ej vjuy joojd{ivj. ![ajtj b|#|ufbdajt buj kj{bimjk i` dab|{ju ?- Offkt b`k Tz||mjcj`{t {fTz||fu{ {aj Dab`nj.)

TJJI@N AF[ OMBTAJT BT B DUZDIEMJ- @F[ B DZUTJ

Ajujt b` i`dujkiemy jc|f~jui`n |jut|jd{ivj f` af{ stbtajtoufc cy nffk ouij`k b`k dfmmjbnzj Kjefuba Gju`- \a.K.-b ajbm{a tdij`{it{ b`k ci`k#efky ujtjbudaju- ~af fuini#`bmmy ~uf{j {ait bddfz`{ i` aju emfn. ![f ujbk cfuj foKu. Gju t i`t|iui`n ~i{ b`k ~itkfc- viti{ aju ti{j b{

~~~.kukjegju`.dfc.)

I{t Hzmy b`k {ajuj buj ajb{ ~bvjt bmm fvju {aj dfz`{uy. Ibc `f jqdj|{if`. I bc b mivi`n ajb{ ~bvj. I bc af{"Ti`dj Tz`kby jvjì`n- Ivj ejj` jq|juij`di`n cy flut{

2;< [AJ ÎTKFC FO CJ@F\BZTJ


32/42

{uzj ~bvjt fo af{ stbtajt tiq {aj flut{ ina{. . . . {~jmvj{aj `jq{ kby. [ait cby tfz`k dubxy- ez{ Ivj bd{zbmmy

ejj` b~bi{i`n {ait kby ~i{a b tj`tj fo jqdi{jk b`{idi|b#{if` {ab`gt {f Hfb` Efuytj`gf- \a.K. âimj cft{~fcj` buj boubik fo af{ stbtajt fu dfc|mbi` befz{{ajc- Ivj bd{zbmmy ejj` mffgi`n ofu~buk {f {ajc. ay6Ejdbztj i` 299? I ujbk Ku. Efuytj`gft effg B^fcb`t Effg fo Mioj8 [aj Eifmfny- \tydafmfny- b`kT|iui{zbmi{y fo {aj Ojciì`j Mioj Dydmj b`k I ~bt db|{i#vb{jk ey b tjd{if` befz{ cj`f|bztj b`k af{ stbtajt. B{

{aj {icj I ~bt i` cy mb{j {aiu{ijt b`k abk`{ jvj` nivjèiu{a {f cy flut{ tf`- ez{ {ajuj ~bt tfcj{ai`n tf |f~ju#ozm i` {aj ~by taj kjtduiejk af{ stbtajt {ab{ I dfcci{{jki{ {f cjcfuy b`k Ivj ejj` ~bi{i`n ofu cy {zu` {f jq|j#uij`dj {ajc.

Ajujt ~ab{ taj tbyt f` |bnjt 2?;2?: fo aju effg8B{ {aj bnj fo ofu{y#tjvj`- b t|z`gy Ouj`da~fcb` ey {aj`bcj fo Bmjqb`kub Kbvik#@jjm mjo{ aju |uivimjnjk- |uf#{jd{jk mioj. Mjbvi`n aju azteb`k ejai`k i` \buit- taj

tabvjk aju ajbk- kujttjk i` tboouf` b`k duictf` ufejt-{ubvjmjk abmo~by bufz`k {aj ~fumk {f {aj ofueikkj`cfz`{bi`t fo [iej{- b`k t`jbgjk i`{f b cf`bt{juy eyic|jutf`b{i`n b cbmj mbcb. . . .

Kzui`n {aj ozmm cff` f`j Ojeuzbuy taj b{{j`kjk bui{zbm i` ~aida cf`gt t{ui||jk `bgjk i` {aj oujjxi`n{jc|jub{zujt fo b Aicbmbyb` dbvj- ~ub||jk {ajctjmvjti` ~j{ tajj{t b`k |ufdjjkjk {f kuy {ajc ~aj` {ajiu efk#

ijt miejub{jk |ufkinifzt bcfz`{t fo ajb{ kzui`n b cjki#{b{if` |ubd{idj dbmmjk {zcf yfnb. [aj cf`g ~af kuijk{aj cft{ tajj{t ~bt df`tikjujk {aj ainajt{ bkj|{. [zcfcjb`t fljudj ~fcb` i` [iej{b`. I{ ujojut {f {aj mioj#ofudj j`juny fo jvjuy azcb` eji`n !ujnbukmjtt fo nj`kju){ab{ diudzmb{jt i` {afztb`kt fo tcbmm dab``jmt dbmmjk`bkit- ticimbu {f {aj bdz|z`d{zuj cjuikib`t. . . .

[zcf yfnb ~bt |ubd{idjk |uicbuimy ofu t|iui{zbmujbtf`t- af~jvju- ub{aju {ab` ofu |aytidbm ajbmi`n.

[aufzna b tjuijt fo cj{idzmfzt vitzbmixb{if`t b`k {ajuj|j{i{if` fo tbdujk tfz`kt- {aj cf`gt ubitjk {aj mioj#ofudj j`juny {aufzna {aj mf~ju j`juny dj`{jut z| {f {ajainajt{ dabgub b{ {aj duf~` fo {aj ajbk. I` {aj |ufdjtt-

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{ajy ejmijvj {ab{ {ajy buj ezuì`n b~by cit{bgjt- juuf#`jfzt ejmijot- b`k jnf b{{bdacj`{t {ab{ gjj| {ajc oufc

ozmmy ujdfnìxi`n {aj `b{zuj fo {ajiu [uzj Tjmo.âb{ kfjt {zcf yfnb abvj {f kf ~i{a cy af{

stbtajt6 ^jmm- bt Ku. Efuytj`gf |fi`{t fz{ i` aju effg-cj`f|bztbm ~fcj` db` ztj af{ stbtajt i` {aj tbcj ~by{aj cf`gt kik8 df`tdifztmy {ai`gi`n fo {ajiu tjmo#mici{i`nejmijot- juuf`jfzt {afzna{t- t{ujttjt- b`k jnf b{{bda#cj`{t b`k bmmf~i`n {ajc {f ej ezu`jk z| i` {aj i``juflujt fo {ub`tofucb{if`. Tf tiq {f {~jmvj {icjt b kby !b`k

ìna{) I `f~ abvj {aj dab`dj {f df`tdifztmy ezu` foob`y{ai`n {ab{ cina{ ej emfdgi`n cj oufc ujbmixi`n cyozmm |f{j`{ibm. [ab{ {auimmt cj" Bc I t{imm zti`n cyeifikj`{idbm afucf`jt- ofmmf~i`n b ajbm{ay kij{- jqjudit#i`n- cjki{b{i`n- b`k kfi`n yfnb i` fukju {f mjttj` {ajoujrzj`dy- i`{j`ti{y- b`k tjvjui{y fo cy af{ stbtajt6 Yfzej{. Ez{ ~aj` {ajy kf dfcj- I uikj {aj ajb{ ~bvj ~i{ajqdi{jk b`{idi|b{if` b`k I bc nub{jozm ofu bmm {ab{ itezuì`n b~by.

âj` taj tj`{ {ait {f cj- Ku. Gju` bkkjk- I db` {uzmy ojjmfmk ef`kt eji`n ujmjbtjk ey {ait fluj. I tznnjt{ yfz {uy ajut{ub{jny b`k tjj io i{ cbgjt b |f~juozm kioojuj`dj ofu yfz-{ff"

@ina{ T~jb{t

I t~jb{ tf czda b{ ìna{- I abvj {f nj{ z| {f dab`nj {aj tajj{t.@ina{ t~jb{t buj f` b df`{i`zzc ~i{a af{ stbtajt. [ubki{if`bm

Dai`jtj Cjkidi`j {jmmt zt- b`k cb`y fo cy |b{ij`{t abvj df`flucjk-{ab{ 48


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Migj af{ stbtajt- |bm|i{b{if`t db` ub`nj oufc cimk {f tjvjuj. [ajybuj ubujmy kb`njufzt- {afzna {ajy db` tfcj{icjt ej vjuy ouina{jì`n.[ajy buj {aj ujtzm{ fo icebmb`djt ej{~jj` {aj tyc|b{aj{id b`k|bubtyc|b{aj{id `juvfzt tyt{jct {uinnjujk ey t{ujtt afucf`jt b`kbuj fo{j` ujmb{jk {f ojbu b`k b`qij{y. Io {ajy |jutit{- tjj yfzu kfd{fu.!Tjj dab|{ju 2;- Mivi`n ~i{a Ajbu{- \bttif`- b`k Hfy.)

MJTMIJ8 \f~ju Tzunjt b{ Cj`f|bztj

Mjtmij it b` bu{ {jbdaju b{ b mfdbm aina tdaffm b`k kfzemjt bt b`z`fofldibm dfz`tjmfu ofu aju t{zkj`{t- ~af zìofucmy ujt|jd{ b`k mfvj

aju ofu aju fevifzt kjvf{if`. Ic f`j fo {aftj bu{ {jbdajut yfz db`t|f{ b cimj b~by- taj ~uf{j. I mffg {aj |bu{- I nzjtt. I {uy {f kfcfuj {ab` hzt{ {jbda gikt af~ {f |bi`{ fu tdzm|{I cjb`- {ajujt bu{bmm bufz`k zt i` {ait ~fumk- b`k czda fo {aj hfy fo mioj it i` b||ujdi#b{i`n i{. I {uy {f kjcf`t{ub{j {ab{ i` {aj ~by I mivj.

Mjtmij migjt {aj icbnj fo af{ stbtajt bt |f~ju tzunjt- tycefmix#i`n b |fti{ivj- {ub`tofucb{ivj |ufdjtt- b`k taj kik `f{ fl`k aju af{stbtajt fu b`y fo aju f{aju tyc|{fct {f ej {ufzemjtfcj- `fu kik taj~b`{ {f cbtg fu czostj {ajc ~i{a cjkidb{if`. Cy kfd{fu ~bt`{tzu|uitjk ~aj` I {fmk aju I daftj {f ofunf afucf`j uj|mbdjcj`{ {aju#b|y. Taj g`j~ I tb~ {ait bt b ~by fo af`fui`n cy efky b`k {aj `b{#zubm dab`njt nfi`n f` ~i{ai` cj. B{ {aj tbcj {icj- I kik ~b`{ {f|ufvikj cy efky ~i{a tz||fu{ b`k ajm| i{ bkhzt{- tf cy tyc|{fct~fzmk`{ ej tjvjuj. Mjtmij daftj {f |ufvikj {ab{ tz||fu{ {aufznaic|ufvjk `z{ui{if`- ajuet- b`k |mb`{#ebtjk afucf`jt !|ay{fjt{uf#nj`t). Taj {bgjt embdg dfafta uff{- ~aida tfo{j`jk aju af{ stbtajt~i{ai` {aj flut{ ~jjg b`k gj|{ {ajc cimk j`fzna {ab{ {ajy ~juj

cjujmy i`{jujt{i`n ub{aju {ab` i`{uztivj. Taj bmtf kui`gt b nmbtt fovbìmmb#stbvfujk tfy cimg jvjuy cfuì`n b`k jvjì`n.

Cinubi`j Ajbkbdajt

Jvju ti`dj I {zu`jk ofu{y- Ivj nf{{j` b |fz`ki`n ajbkbdaj {aj kbyfu {~f ejofuj cy |juifk it kzj. [ait abt `jvju ab||j`jk ejofuj.

Icebmb`djk afucf`j mjvjmt df`{uiez{j {f tf#dbmmjk cj`t{uzbm ci#nubi`j kzui`n |juicj`f|bztj b`k cj`f|bztj. [ait {y|j fo ajbkbdajztzbmmy dfcjt hzt{ ejofuj yfzu |juifk- ~aj` ef{a jt{ufnj` b`k |uf#njt{juf`j mjvjmt db` obmm kubcb{idbmmy. Az`kujkt fo ~fcj` abvj ejj`bemj {f dfc|mj{jmy ujdfvju oufc cj`t{uzbm b`k cj`f|bztbm cinubi`jt{aufzna {aj ztj fo 5 |judj`{ |ufnjt{juf`j dujbc. B||my {t| !5< cn)



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f` yfzu tgi` kbimy ofu {aj {~f ~jjgt |uifu {f yfzu |juifk- fu {aujj~jjgt fz{ fo jvjuy cf`{a io yfzuj `f mf`nju abvi`n |juifkt. Fu yfzdb` ztj |ufnjt{juf`j db|tzmjt fu vbni`bm njm- bvbimbemj ey |ujtdui|{if`i` bmm df`vj`{if`bm |abucbdijt. !Ofu f{aju ajbkbdaj ujcjkijt- tjj Uj#tfzudjt.) Bdz|z`d{zuj b`k ajuet !j.n.- ojvjuoj~) bmtf fo{j` ajm| ci#nubi`jt.

Eujbt{ T~jmmi`n b`k [j`kju`jtt

Cy eujbt{t buj tfcj{icjt tf {j`kju- i{ azu{t {f azn cy daimkuj`.

Cb`y ~fcj` abvj {j`kju eujbt{t hzt{ ejofuj {ajiu |juifkt. [aitit fo{j` ejdbztj fo ifki`j kjfldij`dy. [f ujcbi` ajbm{ay- {aj eujbt{tujrziuj bt czda bt ? cn fo ifki`j |ju kby.54 Kzui`n |juicj`f|bztj-yfz cby `f{idj {ab{ yfzu eujbt{t ojjm {j`kju fu t~fmmj` czdacfuj fo{j`. [ait it obu cfuj dfccf` ~aj` b ~fcb` it jq|juij`di`njt{ufnj` kfci`b`dj. Ujmijo db` fo{j` ej bdaijvjk ey ofmmf~i`n bafucf`j#ebmb`di`n kij{ !tjj dab|{ju >- [aj Cj`f|bztj Offk\mb`)- j`tzui`n b` bkjrzb{j i`{bgj fo E vi{bci`t- cbgi`n tzuj yfznj{ j`fzna fcjnb#4 ob{t tzda bt J\B b`k KAB !2-


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`jdjttbuy. [aj z`f||ftjk jt{ufnj` db` fo{j` ej {ujb{jk ~i{a vbuifzt{y|jt fo |ufnjt{juf`j fu eiu{a df`{ufm |immt. Ti`dj {aj |ufemjc it fo{j`~futj i` ~fcj` ~af abvj {ff czda efky ob{ !ob{ |ufkzdjt jt{uf#nj`)- jqjuditj b`k kij{ fo{j` ajm|. Bm{ju`b{ivjt tzda bt bdz|z`d{zujb`k [ubki{if`bm Dai`jtj Cjkidi`j buj bmtf fo{j` ajm|ozm. I` tjvjujdbtjt- {aj miì`n fo {aj z{juzt db` ej dbz{juixjk vib mbtju tzunjuy i` b|ufdjkzuj g`f~` bt j`kfcj{uibm bemb{if`. [ajuj buj tjvjubm kioojuj`{{y|jt- i`dmzki`n JqBemb{j b`k @fvbTzuj. !Tjj dab|{ju 1- Dujb{i`n\jmvid Ajbm{a b`k \f~ju.)

Iuujnzmbu fu Juub{id \juifkt

I `jvju g`f~ ~aj` Ic nfi`n {f nj{ b |juifk. Tfcj{icjt I abvj b`fucbm |juifk. [aj` f`j ~jjg mb{ju Imm abvj tfcj t|f{{i`n. [aj` Immnf ofu {aujj cf`{at ejofuj I abvj b`y emjjki`n bnbi`. I abvj {f dbuuy|bkt ~i{a cj bmm {aj {icj- hzt{ i` dbtj.

âj` b ~fcb` it nfi`n {aufzna {aj afucf`bm dab`njt fo |jui#cj`f|bztj- hzt{ befz{ b`y gi`k fo z{jui`j emjjki`n it |fttiemj- ub`n#i`n oufc |juifkt {ab{ ejdfcj vjuy mina{ b`k tafu{ {f |juifkt {ab{ t|bdjfz{ {f jvjuy {aujj cf`{at fu cfuj. B`k tfcj ~fcj` abvj emjjki`n|b{{ju`t {ab{ buj tf juub{id- {ajy kf`{ tjjc migj |juifkt b{ bmm.

Io yfz db` mivj ~i{a juub{id |juifkt ofu b ~aimj- {aj |ufemjc ~imm nfb~by. I{t `f{ ujbmmy be`fucbm. Ez{ io yfz bmtf abvj f{aju tyc|{fct-tzda bt cffk t~i`nt fu ajbkbdajt- fu tic|my ~b`{ cfuj ujnzmbu |jui#fkt- b vjuy ~ikj vbuij{y fo {ujb{cj`{t buj bvbimbemj- ub`ni`n oufc df`#vj`{if`bm eiu{a df`{ufm |immt {f joojd{ivj bm{ju`b{ivjt tzda bt `b{zubm|ufnjt{juf`j tgi` dujbc fu {aj ajue dabt{jejuuy !_i{jq bn`zt#dbt{zt)-

~aida ajm|t ujnzmb{j {aj ay|f{abmbcid#|i{zi{buy#fvbuib` bqit {f |uf#kzdj cfuj |ufnjt{juf`j. !Tjj dab|{ju 1- Dujb{i n \jmvid Ajbm{a b`k\f~ju.)

Oieufikt

I ~bt abvi`n iuujnzmbu emjjki`n- b`k ~aj` I ~j`{ i` ofu cy b``zbmviti{ ~i{a cy ny`jdfmfnit{- taj {fmk cj {ab{ I abk b nuf~{a i` cyz{juzt {ab{ ~bt b fleufik. B` zm{ubtfz`k df`flucjk cy kfd{fut kibn#`ftit. Cy kfd{fu {jmmt cj {ab{ ~j db` hzt{ ~b{da i{.

Befz{ ;< |judj`{ fo ~fcj` kjvjmf| ejìn` fleufik nuf~{at i`{aj z{juzt kzui`n |juicj`f|bztj. [ajiu nuf~{a it t{iczmb{jk ey jt#{ufnj`- b`k {ajy db` ejdfcj rzi{j mbunj. Oieufikt taui`g kubcb{idbmmy

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bo{ju cj`f|bztj b`k- migj ajbvy emjjki`n- kf f{ ztzbmmy ujrziuj tzu#njuy fu f{aju {ujb{cj`{- jt|jdibmmy io {ajy kf`{ |ufkzdj tyc|{fct.Tfcj fleufikt- af~jvju- db` dbztj ajbvy emjjki`n- kj|j`ki`n z|f`{ajiu |fti{if` i` {aj |jmvit. Tcbmm f`jt db` ej ujcfvjk {aufzna mb|#buftdf|id tzunjuy fu tfcj{icjt ey tzunidbm ujcfvbm {aufzna {ajvbni`b. Z{jui`j bu{juy jcefmixb{if` !ZBJ) fu zm{ubtfìd {ujb{cj`{!tzda bt JqBemb{j) buj f{aju `f`tzunidbm {ujb{cj`{t. ^jina{ mftt-bdz|z`d{zuj- ajuet- kij{buy dab`nj- b`k `b{zubm |ufnjt{juf`j buj bmmjoojd{ivj bm{ju`b{ivjt i` cb`y dbtjt. !Tjj dab|{ju 1- Dujb{i`n \jmvidAjbm{a b`k \f~ju.) Cb`y cjkidbm dj`{jut- tzda bt {aj Dmjvjmb`kDmiìd b`k Hfa`t Af|gi`t- `f~ abvj fleufik {ujb{cj`{ dj`{jut {ab{

fooju ~fcj` b ~ikj ub`nj fo kioojuj`{ f|{if`t {ab{ kf `f{ ujrziujayt{jujd{fcy.

Mftt fo Tjqzbm Kjtiuj

[ajujt `f{ai`n ~uf`n ~i{a cy cbuuibnj. I mfvj cy azteb`k. Ez{rzi{j oub`gmy- I kf`{ jvj` nj{ {zu`jk f` ey Cb{{aj~ CdDf`bznajyb`ycfuj- mj{ bmf`j cy azteb`k.

[ajuj it `f{ai`n befz{ b `fucbm cj`f|bztbm {ub`ti{if`- |ju tj-{ab{ mf~jut tjq kuivj. Ez{ cb`y ~fcj` jq|juij`dj kjdujbtjk mieikfbt {ajiu b{{j`{if` {zu`t i`~buk {f~buk {ajctjmvjt. T{imm- b ajbm{ay~fcb` jq|juij`di`n mftt fo tjq kuivj tafzmk abvj aju afucf`jtdajdgjk. Ofu ujbtf`t {ab{ buj`{ dmjbu- tfcj ~fcj` jq|juij`dj bkuf| i` {ajiu {jt{ft{juf`j mjvjmt kzui`n |juicj`f|bztj7 {ait db` ujtzm{i` mbdg fo tjqzbm kjtiuj. Bkuj`bm jqabzt{if` db` ej b`f{aju obd{fu. Io{ajtj mjvjmt buj mf~- tz||mjcj`{b{if` ~i{a tcbmm bcfz`{t fo {jt{ft#

{juf`j fu i{t |ujdzutfu- KAJB- ~imm tfcj{icjt ujt{fuj mieikf {f `fu#cbm mjvjmt. Ofu tfcj ~fcj`- mieikf |ufemjct buj ujmb{jk {f mbdg fojt{ufnj` fu {ai`ì`n fo {aj vbni`bm {ittzj. !Tjj dab|{ju 9- Tjq b`kCj`f|bztj.) ^fcj` ~afvj z`kjunf`j ujcfvbm fo {ajiu fvbuijttzunidbmmy- fu ~aftj fvbuib` oz`d{if` abt ejj` dfc|ufcitjk ey imm#`jtt- dajcf{ajub|y- fu ubkib{if`- abvj mft{ b cbhfu tfzudj fo {ajiu`fucbm afucf`j |ufkzd{if`. B vbuij{y fo tboj bm{ju`b{ivjt- tzda btaina#kftj tfy itfstbvf`jtdb` fo{j` ajm| i` ti{zb{if`t tzda bt {ajtj.

_bni`bm Kuy`jtt b`k&fu \biòzm I`{judfzutj

I hzt{ kf`{ tjjc {f ej bemj {f nj{ mzeuidb{jk kzui`n tjq b`ycfuj.B`k ~aj` ~j kf abvj i`{judfzutj- i{ azu{t"

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[aj miì`n fo {aj fz{ju f`j#{aiuk fo {aj zuj{aub b`k {aj miì`n fo{aj vbni`b buj jt{ufnj`#tj`ti{ivj. Tyc|{fct cby buitj oufc b mbdg fojt{ufnj`- bt ~jmm bt oufc kjdujbtjt i` cztdmj {f`j b`k tzetjrzj`{emffk tz||my i` {aj zufnjì{bm bujb.

Ofu cb`y ~fcj`- {aj flut{ tin` fo |juicj`f|bztj it b kjdujbtj i``fucbm vbni`bm kitdabunj. [ait it b kiujd{ ujtzm{ fo kjdujbti`n jt{uf#nj` mjvjmt. Tfcj cby `jjk {f ztj b vbni`bm mzeuidb`{ !j.n.- G#Y Hjmmy)kzui`n i`{judfzutj ejdbztj bufztbm b`k ozmm mzeuidb{if` {bgj mf`nju.[f|idbm jt{ufnj` dujbc- vi{bci` J tz||fti{fuijt- tyt{jcid jt{ufnj`{ajub|y- fu i`dujbti`n i`{bgj fo |ay{fjt{ufnj`t tzda bt tfy db` ejvjuy ajm|ozm. Tfcj fo cy |b{ij`{t abvj ejj` bemj {f i`dujbtj vbni`bm

mzeuidb{if` {aufzna dujb{ivj vitzbmixb{if`. !Tjj dab|{ju 9- Tjq b`kCj`f|bztj.)

Zui`buy Tyc|{fct

I gjj| nj{{i`n tyc|{fct {ab{ ojjm bt {afzna I abvj b zui`buy {ubd{iòjd{if`. I ojjm bt {afzna I abvj {f zui`b{j bmm {aj {icj- ez{ cy zui`j{jt{t kf`{ taf~ b`y jvikj`dj fo iòjd{if`.

I nf{ cy flut{#jvju Z[I b{ bnj ofu{y#flvjbt i{ {zu`jk fz{- {ajflut{ fo cb`y.

Tfcj{icjt I mftj zui`j ~aj` I dfzna fu t`jjxj. Ic ~fuuijk {ab{io {ait df`{i`zjt- Ic nfi`n {f j`k z| zti`n bkzm{ kib|jut"

Ujdzuuj`{ zui`buy {ubd{ iòjd{if`t fu zui`buy t{ujtt i`df`{i`j`dj!{aj mftt fo zui`j ~i{a dfznai`n- t`jjxi`n- mbznai`n- j{d.) cby fddzuejdbztj fo {aj {ai`ì`n fo {aj jt{ufnj`#kj|j`kj`{ miì`n fo {aj fz{juzuj{aub. Zui`buy tyc|{fct fo{j` ujtfmvj {aufzna {aj ztj fo b tcbmm

kbe fo jt{ufnj` dujbc b||mijk mfdbmmy. Gjnjm jqjuditjt db` bmtf i`#dujbtj emffk stf~ {f {aj bujb b`k ajm| ~i{a t{ujtt i`df`{i`j`dj. !Tjjdab|{ju 1- Dujb{i`n \jmvid Ajbm{a b`k \f~ju.)

Tgi`

Bmcft{ fvjuìna{ i{ ojjmt bt {afzna cy tgi` abt ejdfcj kuy b`kduj|jyjt|jdibmmy bufz`k cy jyjt.

[aj dfmmbnj` mbyju fo fzu tgi` ejdfcjt {ai``ju bt fzu afucf`jmjvjmt obmm. B ~ikj vbuij{y fo ainamy joojd{ivj tgi` {ujb{cj`{t it `f~bvbimbemj {ab{ ajm| ezimk dfmmbnj`- ujtzuobdj {aj tgi`- b`k |ujvj`{~ui`gmjt. Tyt{jcid fu {f|idbm afucf`jt7 offkt uida i` |ay{fjt{uf#nj`t- tzda bt tfy7 b`k b`{ifqikb`{ tz||mjcj`{t tzda bt vi{bci` D-

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vi{bci` J- nmz{b{aif`j- b`k |ufb`{afdybìki`t !oufc nub|j tjjkt fu|i`j ebug) bmtf ajm| ezimk dfmmbnj` b`k ujhzvj`b{j {aj tgi`. !Tjjdab|{ju 22- Oufc Uftjezk {f Uftj Ai|.)

Ef`j Mftt

Cy nub`kcf{aju nj{t tafu{ju jvjuy yjbu- b`k cfuj ej`{ fvju. Ikf`{ ~b`{ {ab{ {f ab||j` {f cj.

Ofu cb`y ~fcj`- ef`j mftt {aufzna {aj i`tikifzt |ufdjttg`f~` bt ft{jf|fuftit ejni`t bt jbumy bt bnj {aiu{yfu jvj` jbumiju.

Ejdbztj fo daufìd kij{i`n- z`kjujb{i`n- fvjujqjuditi`n- mbdg fo z{ui#j`{t- fu b`fujqib- cb`y ~fcj` kf `f{ ujbda {aj |jbg ef`j kj`ti{y{ajy tafzmk ~aj` {ajy buj i` {ajiu {jj`t- {~j`{ijt- b`k {aiu{ijt. !Ikj#bmmy- ft{jf|fuftit |ujvj`{if` tafzmk ejni` i` daimkaffk") Tf ~aj` b~fcb` {zu`t ofu{y b`k aju afucf`bm mjvjmt ejni` {f taio{- aju ef`jkj`ti{y cby bmujbky ej dfc|ufcitjk. âj` jt{ufnj`- |ufnjt{juf`j-b`k b`kufnj` mjvjmt t{bu{ {f taio{- {aj dfmmbnj` cb{uiq {ab{ ofuct {ajofz`kb{if` fo ajbm{ay ef`j cby t{bu{ {f ~jbgj`- jt|jdibmmy ~aj` b~fcb`t `z{ui{if` b`k jqjuditj ujnicj`t buj mbdgi`n. Yfz db` cbi`#{bi` {aj dfmmbnj` cb{uiq i` yfzu ef`jt b`k bmtf ajm| ujezimk ajbm{ayef`j i` b vbuij{y fo ~byt- ~aida i`dmzkj nj{{i`n bkjrzb{j |ay{fafu#cf`jt oufc offkt tzda bt tfy- {bgi`n ajuet- zti`n afucf`j uj|mbdj#cj`{- bkki`n dbmdizc b`k cbn`jtizc tz||mjcj`{t- nj{{i`n bkjrzb{jvi{bci` K oufc tz` jq|ftzuj fu tz||mjcj`{t- b`k kfi`n ~jina{#ejbui`n jqjuditj. !Tjj dab|{ju 25- T{b`ki`n [bmm ofu Mioj.)

Cffk T~i`nt

I fl`k cytjmo duyi`n kzui`n {jmjvitif` dfccjudibmt. [aj` I sty foo {ajab`kmj b{ cy gikt ofu `f ujbtf`.

Bt I |fi`{jk fz{ i` dab|{ju 5- cb`y ~fcj` jq|juij`dj b` i {j`#tifldb{if` fo {aj gi`k fo vfmb{imi{y i` {ajiu cffkt {ab{ {ajy f`dj ojm{|uicbuimy ejofuj {ajiu |juifkt- io b{ bmm. \bu{ fo {aj ujbtf` ofu {aitvfmb{imi{y- fu ofu {aj i`dujbtj i` kbug- `jnb{ivj cffkt- it afucf`bm.Ez{ i{ cby bmtf ej b tin`bm oufc yfzu i``ju ~itkfc- {uyi`n {f nj{yfzu b{{j`{if`.

2;1 [AJ ÎTKFC FO CJ@F\BZTJ


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I`tfcìb

I hzt{ kf`{ tjjc {f ej bemj {f nj{ {f tmjj| b{ ìna{. âj` I kf- Ifo{j` ~bgj z| tfbgi`n ~j{ b`k af{. Tf I {auf~ foo {aj emb`gj{t- b`k{aj` nj{ daimmjk"

Cb`y ~fcj` ~fzmk`{ abvj i`tfcìb io i{ ~juj`{ ofu {ajiu ina{t~jb{t b`k af{ stbtajt. Ofu f{ajut- b`qij{y gjj|t {ajc oufc tmjj|i`ntfz`kmy. B`k tf kfjt b ujfl`jk#offk- mf~#`z{uij`{ kij{. Io yfzu tmjj||ufemjct buj ujmb{jk {f af{ stbtajt- {ajymm fo{j` ujtfmvj ~i{a af{#stbta {ujb{cj`{. Io {ajyuj kzj {f b`qij{y- yfz cby `jjk {f cbgj tfcjdab`njt i` yfzu mioj {ab{ {aj b`qij{y it eui`ni`n {f yfzu b{{j`{if`.

Yfz cby bmtf `jjk {f dmjb` z| yfzu kij{. F{aju tmjj| |ufemjct cbyej ujmb{jk {f {aj obd{ {ab{ |juicj`f|bztj- migj bkfmjtdj`dj- it b {icjfo {ub`ti{if` i` tmjj| |b{{ju`t. Tfcj fo zt- migj {jj`bnjut- ~imm tzk#kj`my t{bu{ ujrziui`n czda nujb{ju bcfz`{t fo tmjj| {ab` ejofuj.[y|idbmmy- {ait dab`njt bnbi` bo{ju cj`f|bztj- ~aj` ~j `jjk mjtttmjj| {ab` kzui`n fzu {~j`{ijt b`k {aiu{ijt. Tfcj ~fcj` fl`k kby#{icj `b|t ajm| kzui`n {aj {ub`ti{if`. !Tjj {aj tmjj| tjd{if` fo Af~{f Ujt{fuj Yfzu Bkuj`bm Oz`d{if` i` {ait dab|{ju- b`k bmtf tjjdab|{ju 2-[aj Cj`f|bztj Offk \mb`.) Tfcj ~fcj` fl`k {ab{ tfyitfstbvf`jt fu afucf`jt tzda bt |ufnjt{juf`j fu jt{ufnj` buj bmtfajm|ozm. [aj cbi` {ai`n {f ujcjceju it {ab{ yfzuj `f{ nj{{i`n



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Bmxajicjut. Yfzuj hzt{ uj~iui`n yfzu eubi` ofu b ~afmj `j~ ~by fo{ai`gi`n. !Tjj dab|{ju 2


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Fukju b df|y fo

[AJ ^ITKFC FO CJ@F\BZTJ

i` |b|juebdg"
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The Wisdom of Menopause by Christiane Northrup: The Physical Foundation of the Change (excerpt)