The Wireless Revolution:The Wireless Revolution:Perspectives and ChallengesPerspectives and Challenges

Lang TongLang TongCor Wit Professor, TU DelftCor Wit Professor, TU DelftCornell UniversityCornell UniversityIthaca, NY 14850Ithaca, NY 14850ltong@ece.cornell.edultong@ece.cornell.edu

View of DelftJan Vermeer

1632-1675

The Voice of the Air

Rene Magritte1898-1967

The Surprise Answer

Rene Magritte

AnxietyEdvard Munch(1863-1944)

FCC on AuctionFCC on Auction

“The upcoming auction is for prime beachfront property”

William E. KannardThe New York Times

December 8, 2000

The ScreamEdvard Munch

(1863-1944)

James G. HarbordJames G. Harbord

Words of James HarbordWords of James Harbord

““The ultimate achievement of communication The ultimate achievement of communication will come when we, at last, can see the will come when we, at last, can see the man who is talking to us even though he is man who is talking to us even though he is in a distant city, when we can watch every in a distant city, when we can watch every change of his expression, catch every tone change of his expression, catch every tone of his voice.”of his voice.”

James G HarbordNovember, 1935Brackett Lecture

Princeton University

A 19 Century DreamA 19 Century Dream

The 1970’s ExperimentThe 1970’s Experiment

La condition humaineRene Magritte

1898-1967

Video Phones in 2000Video Phones in 2000

Tandberg 7000.Max 3Mbps. $48,800

Internet Video Phone

Accordionist

Pablo Picasso1881-1973

A Failed PredictionA Failed Prediction

Is it the Cost?Is it the Cost?

?? 10 cents/min voice gives10 cents/min voice gives–– $4.70 per min (3Mbps)$4.70 per min (3Mbps)–– $2.35 per min (1.5Mbps)$2.35 per min (1.5Mbps)–– 5 cents/min voice 5 cents/min voice --> $1.20 per min> $1.20 per min

?? First transFirst trans--Atlantic voice: £5 per minAtlantic voice: £5 per min–– $130 per min. in today’s money.$130 per min. in today’s money.

Is it the Technology?Is it the Technology?

?? Circuit SwitchingCircuit Switching–– Take the data from video phoneTake the data from video phone

??WirelessWireless–– Wireless LAN, DSL, Cable.Wireless LAN, DSL, Cable.

The Shannon’s LawThe Shannon’s Law

Not Enough Capacity?Not Enough Capacity?

A single strand has the capacity of A single strand has the capacity of 100 Tbps=100,000,000,000 bits/sec100 Tbps=100,000,000,000 bits/sec

?? 50,000 simultaneous broadcast quality videos50,000 simultaneous broadcast quality videos?? 100 times more than “all the traffic loads of the 100 times more than “all the traffic loads of the

world’s communications networks put together in world’s communications networks put together in 1996.”1996.”

The Shannon’s LawThe Shannon’s Law

C=B log (1+SNR) bits/sec

B: BandwidthSNR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio

The Moore’s “Law”The Moore’s “Law”

The number of transistors per IC doubles every 18 months

All Those GsAll Those Gs

?? 1G1G: Analog Cellular (80’s): Analog Cellular (80’s)–– NMT450, NMT900, AMPS, Radio2000NMT450, NMT900, AMPS, Radio2000

?? 2G2G: 2: 2ndnd Generation Wireless (90’s)Generation Wireless (90’s)–– GSM, IS95 (CDMA), IS56 (TDMA), JPDGSM, IS95 (CDMA), IS56 (TDMA), JPD

?? 2.5G2.5G: GPRS, EDGE: GPRS, EDGE–– 144Kbps ~ 384K bps144Kbps ~ 384K bps

?? 3G3G: WCDMA, CDMA2000 : WCDMA, CDMA2000 –– 144Kbps ~ 384K bps < 2Mbps. Data144Kbps ~ 384K bps < 2Mbps. Data

?? 4G4G??

Cellular NetworkCellular Network

All Those GsAll Those Gs

?? 1G1G: Analog Cellular (80’s): Analog Cellular (80’s)–– NMT450, NMT900, AMPS, Radio2000NMT450, NMT900, AMPS, Radio2000

?? 2G2G: 2: 2ndnd Generation Wireless (90’s)Generation Wireless (90’s)–– GSM, IS95 (CDMA), IS56 (TDMA), JPDGSM, IS95 (CDMA), IS56 (TDMA), JPD

?? 2.5G2.5G: GPRS, EDGE: GPRS, EDGE–– 144Kbps ~ 384K bps144Kbps ~ 384K bps

?? 3G3G: WCDMA, CDMA2000 : WCDMA, CDMA2000 –– 144Kbps ~ 384K bps < 2Mbps. Data144Kbps ~ 384K bps < 2Mbps. Data

?? 4G4G??

Wireless LANWireless LAN

GSM-1800 Mobile

2360 2380 2400 2420 2460 2480 2500 2520 2560 2580MHz

The Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Band

Rate: 2-11 MbpsCost: $100~200

Ad Hoc NetworkingAd Hoc Networking

Sunday afternoon on the island of La Grande Jetta.

George Seurat

InfrastructureInfrastructure

Empire of LightsRene Magritte

Autumn RhythmJackson Pollock

1912-1956

Cocktail PartyAcrylic on Canvas

Mary Dodd

Archimedes’s Phase ArrayArchimedes’s Phase Array

The Engineer’s Place in WirelessThe Engineer’s Place in Wireless

Sun FlowersVincent van Gogh

1869-1890