the warhol: Introduction to Collaboration

(Part 1)

The Andy Warhol Museum

FOR EDUCATION USE ONLY© 2009 The Andy Warhol Museum, a museum of Carnegie Institute. All rights reserved. You may view and download the materials posted in this site for personal, informational, educational and non-commercial use only. The contents of this site may not be reproduced in any form beyond its original intent without the permission of The Andy Warhol Museum. except where noted, ownership of all material is The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

Collaboration:

• to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor (merriam-webster)

• a working together: the act of working together with one or more people in order to achieve something (encarta)

Many people engage in collaborative endeavors everyday.

When do you collaborate with others?

© 2009 The Andy Warhol Museum www.sxc.hu/photo/386087 www.sxc.hu/photo/655110

Professionals depend on their colleagues to:

- provide specialized knowledge and skills

- find new solutions to existing problems

- provide support (mental and physical)

creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Communities rely on one another for:

– Housing

– Food & Water

– Livelihood

– Protection

www.bigfoto.com

Even in nature ants, termites, bees and wasps live in large colonies and are dependent on one another for:

- building nests

- gathering food

- fighting off enemies

www.bigfoto.com

Many modern day conveniences are the result of historical collaborations:

The Wright brothers’ famous first airplane flight in 1903.

© Library of Congress, Wright BrothersKitty Hawk, NC December 17, 1903.

Although the Wright Brothers made the first machine powered flight in aviation history, people were already taking flight via hot air balloons and gliders, which laid the foundation for the future of flight.

How might previous research and development contribute to a successful collaboration?

The first functional digital computer invented in 1946

• Many inventors contributed to the development of the first functional computer in 1946

• Since a computer is made up of many parts, each can be considered a separate invention. 

© Smithsonian InstitutionENIAC Accumulator #2

What did Aristotle mean when he said: The whole is greater than the sum of it’s parts?

The First Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) invented in 1968-69.

"On Sept. 2, our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again!" --Long Island branch of Chemical Bank, advertisement from 1969

Don Wetzel was tired of spending his lunch hour waiting in line at his bank. So he and a team of engineers developed a magnetic swipe card that stored customer information and a machine that provided cash and recorded transactions on the spot.

Ernest K. Bennett/APThis new "banking" machine was displayed for the first time at the American Bankers Association annual meeting in San Francisco, Calif., Oct. 25, 1966.

What other innovations are the result of modern day “problems”?

the warhol: Warhol’s Artistic Practice

of Collaboration(Part 2)

The Andy Warhol Museum

FOR EDUCATION USE ONLY © 2009 The Andy Warhol Museum, a museum of Carnegie Institute. All rights reserved. You may view and download the materials posted in this site for personal, informational, educational and non-commercial use only. The contents of this site may not be reproduced in any form beyond its original intent without the permission of The Andy Warhol Museum. except where noted, ownership of all material is The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

Andy Warhol’s Artistic Practice of Collaboration

Andy Warhol depended on a diverse group of people to help inspire and create his artwork:

artists, writers, students, celebrities, musicians, engineers, and fashion designers.

Andy Warhol (American, 1928-1987)

Andy Warhol with Leo Castelli, Robert Rauschenberg, Ed Ruscha, James Rosenquist, Jasper Johns, Claes Oldenburg and others at the Leo Castelli Gallery - 25th Anniversary luncheon, The Odeon, New York, February 1, 1982

gelatin silver print 8 x 9 15/16 in. (20.3 x 25.2 cm.)

The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh

Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.© AWF

Warhol’s Studio: The Silver Factory

His studio space doubled as his “play” space. Called the “Factory,” it was like a hive or ant colony always buzzing with activity.

I don’t really feel all these people with me every day at the Factory are just hanging around me, I’m more hanging around them… --Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol (American, 1928-1987)

Fred Schneider, Bernard Zette, John Sex, Benjamin Liu, Way Bandy, Johnny Dynell, Dianne Brill , Kevin Boyce and Lester Persky, ca. 1986

gelatin silver print 8 x 10 in. (20.3 x 25.4 cm.)

The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh

Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. ©AWF

Andy Warhol & The Rock BandThe Velvet Underground

Popular music became more collaborative and experimental in the 1960s. At this time, Warhol managed one of the most significant bands of the decade: The Velvet Underground. They often rehearsed in The Silver Factory.

"The Velvet Underground and Nico" MGM/Verve Records promotional material, 1967lithograph with ink and felt-tip inscriptions on coated paper, mounted on cardboard stand20 1/4 x 16 in. (51.4 x 40.6 cm.)The Andy Warhol Museum, PittsburghFounding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

The band joined Warhol’s multimedia road show: The Exploding Plastic Inevitable. Live music, Warhol’s film projections, and elaborate light shows made these performances collaborative events.

Andy WarholThe Chelsea Girls, 196616mm film, black and white, color, sound, silent, 204 minutes in double screenPictured: Nico©2009 The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh, PA, a museum of Carnegie Institute. All rights reserved.

In addition to producing The Velvet Underground, Warhol also created their first album’s well-known banana cover.

Andy Warhol (American, 1928-1987)Banana stickers, three unused examples; part of Warhol's design for the 1967 'The Velvet Underground and Nico' album cover, ca. 1967printed ink on coated paper13 1/8 x 12 3/4 in. (33.3 x 32.4 cm.)The Andy Warhol Museum, PittsburghGift of David Herrera©AWF

Andy Warhol & EngineerBilly Kluver

Artists and engineers are separate individuals, and if they work together, something will come out of it that neither can expect. --Billy Kluver

Andy Warhol, Silver Clouds Installation, at The Andy Warhol Museum, 2000

• Billy Kluver fostered collaboration between engineers and artists because it provided opportunities for them to respond to unique and unplanned challenges.

• As a Bell Laboratories engineer Kluver’s knowledge of technology helped bring one of Warhol’s artistic visions to life.

Andy Warhol (American, 1928-1987)

Billy Kluver and Unidentified Man, n.d.

gelatin silver print

8 x 10 in. (20.3 x 25.4 cm.)

The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh

Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

©AWF

Andy Warhol originally asked for floating light bulbs; but Kluver gave him the floating Silver Clouds instead. Filled with helium and oxygen the clouds floated through the gallery bumping into each other as well as the viewer.

Andy Warhol, Silver Clouds Installation, at The Andy Warhol Museum, 2000

Andy Warhol & Graffiti Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat

• In the 1980s Andy Warhol collaborated with a young Haitian/Puerto Rican artist named Jean-Michel Basquiat.

• Warhol and Basquiat admired each other’s work and became close friends, eventually painting on the same canvases together.

Andy Warhol, Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat, 1985gelatin silver print8 x 10 in.The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding CollectionContribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

Basquiat: Graffiti Artist

• Basquiat was a graffiti artist who mixed words, symbols, and images from pop culture.

• He also combined mediums such as drawing, painting, and collage.

Jean Michel Basquiat/Andy Warhol, Collaboration (Dollar Sign, Don’t Tread on me), 1984-85Acrylic, silkscreen ink, and oil stick on linen20 x 16in.The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding CollectionContribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

Warhol: Pop Artist

• Warhol used an opaque projector to trace corporate logos, newspaper text, and advertisements onto canvas.

• Basquiat would then paint onto these canvases using his freehand style of graffiti in between Warhol’s areas.

• Both artists’ styles are evident; Basquiat’s is gestural and expressive, while Warhol’s is more organized and slick.

Jean-Michel Basquiat/Andy Warhol, Collaboration, 1984-85Acrylic and oil stick on linen76 x 104 1/8in.The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding CollectionContribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

In addition to paintings, Warhol and Basquiat created a collaborative sculpture called Ten Punching Bags. Warhol appropriated Leonardo da Vinci’s Christ from the Last Supper painting and repeated it on each of the punching bags. Basquiat responded by incorporating the text “judge” and other symbols onto the bags.

Jean-Michel Basquiat/Andy Warhol, Ten Punching Bags, 1985-86 Synthetic polymer paint on punching bags. 44 x 14 in. each. The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh Founding Collection Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. © The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Andy Warhol’s Collaborative Writings with Pat Hackett

• Whether tape-recording or photographing, Andy Warhol documented his everyday life.

• He called his assistant Pat Hackett each morning to report what he had done the night before.

Andy Warhol on the phone at the Factory, 1966

(photographer unknown)

gelatin silver print

10 x 6 in.

The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh

Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

Andy Warhol’s Collaborative Writings with Pat Hackett

• Hackett was one of Warhol’s closest confidantes for many years.

• She transcribed and condensed over 20,000 pages of “journal entries” into The Andy Warhol Diaries, an 807 page book.

Copyright © 1989 by estate of Andy WarholAll rights reserved The Andy Warhol Diaries edited by Pat HackettCover design by Jackie Merri Meyer

Class Discussion

Why was it important for Andy Warhol to collaborate with a variety of people?

How was Warhol’s studio both his “work space” and “play space”?