The War at HomeThe War at HomeCongress gives Power to WilsonCongress gives Power to Wilson

* War Industries Board* War Industries Board

Established to regulate the economy in the Established to regulate the economy in the interests of the war effortinterests of the war effort

* The Railroad Administration* The Railroad Administration

Controlled the nations railroadsControlled the nations railroads

* The Fuel Administration* The Fuel Administration

Monitored coal supplies and rationed gas and Monitored coal supplies and rationed gas and oiloil

Individuals volunteered other energy saving activities such as Individuals volunteered other energy saving activities such as “Gasless Sundays” What measure did the Fuel Administration “Gasless Sundays” What measure did the Fuel Administration introduce in order to conserve energy?introduce in order to conserve energy?

* Daylight Savings Time* Daylight Savings Time

War EconomyWar Economy National War Labor BoardNational War Labor Board

Deal with disputes between management and Deal with disputes between management and laborlabor

Wages in some industries increased while in other Wages in some industries increased while in other industries they decreasedindustries they decreased

Purchasing power decreased, inflation increased. Purchasing power decreased, inflation increased. Stagnant wages vs. rising pricesStagnant wages vs. rising prices

The War at HomeThe War at Home

How did the National War Labor Board How did the National War Labor Board improve working conditions?improve working conditions?

Pushed for an 8 hr. work dayPushed for an 8 hr. work day Urged factory owners to allow safety Urged factory owners to allow safety

inspectionsinspections Pressured manufactures to observe the Pressured manufactures to observe the

federal ban on child laborfederal ban on child labor

The War at HomeThe War at Home How did the National War labor Board support the How did the National War labor Board support the

War effortWar effort Food Administration: help produce and Food Administration: help produce and

conserve food. Introducing alternatives to conserve food. Introducing alternatives to rationing for example… “Meatless day…rationing for example… “Meatless day…Sweetless two days and etc.”Sweetless two days and etc.”

Encouraged to plant “Victory Gardens” Encouraged to plant “Victory Gardens” Homeowners and Schoolchildren participatedHomeowners and Schoolchildren participated

Farmers planted more acres of crops to meet Farmers planted more acres of crops to meet Allied demandsAllied demands

Demand for Labor brought greater number of Demand for Labor brought greater number of women into the workforcewomen into the workforce

Selling the WarSelling the War War FinancingWar Financing

War Bonds and Bond DrivesWar Bonds and Bond Drives Utilized war veterans and heroes, politicians Utilized war veterans and heroes, politicians

and celebrities to raise money for the war and celebrities to raise money for the war efforteffort

Government raised income and excise taxesGovernment raised income and excise taxes

Selling the WarSelling the War Committee on Public InformationCommittee on Public Information

First propaganda agency First propaganda agency To popularize the WarTo popularize the War Mobilized artists and advertising peopleMobilized artists and advertising people

The Home FrontThe Home Front

The Flu epidemicThe Flu epidemic Fall of 1918-1919Fall of 1918-1919

World wide flu out-breakWorld wide flu out-break Origin of the outbreak has been debatedOrigin of the outbreak has been debated

Some say it started in France, Spain, and also the Some say it started in France, Spain, and also the US.US.

About 500,000 Americans diedAbout 500,000 Americans died

About 40,000,000 died world wideAbout 40,000,000 died world wide

The Work towards PeaceThe Work towards Peace Wilson at VersaillesWilson at Versailles

Wilson formally presents his plan known Wilson formally presents his plan known as the 14 points.as the 14 points.

Divided into 3 groups that addressedDivided into 3 groups that addressed Causes for warCauses for war Specific boundary changes (based on self-Specific boundary changes (based on self-

determination)determination) The 14The 14thth point called for a creation of an international point called for a creation of an international

organization to address diplomatic crisesorganization to address diplomatic crises

The Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles

1. Germany accepts sole responsibility for war 1. Germany accepts sole responsibility for war 2. Germany ordered to pay massive reparations despite 2. Germany ordered to pay massive reparations despite economic economic deprivation deprivation 3. League of Nations is established with collective security 3. League of Nations is established with collective security concept concept to stop aggression.to stop aggression.

Europe After VersaillesEurope After Versailles

The Work towards PeaceThe Work towards Peace Allies reject Wilson’s PlanAllies reject Wilson’s Plan

““Make Germany Pay”Make Germany Pay” France invaded twice by Germany in 50 yearsFrance invaded twice by Germany in 50 years ““To the Victor goes the Spoils of War”To the Victor goes the Spoils of War” France, Italy, & Great Britain worked out the peace France, Italy, & Great Britain worked out the peace

themselvesthemselves Wilson concedes all but one pointWilson concedes all but one point

The creation of the League of NationsThe creation of the League of Nations

American debate over treaty American debate over treaty

1.1. Republicans had won control of Congress in 1918 and Republicans had won control of Congress in 1918 and many were opposed to his plans many were opposed to his plans

2.2. Treaty was criticized in Congress for Article X, which Treaty was criticized in Congress for Article X, which called for American troops to be placed under the called for American troops to be placed under the command of League of Nations officers command of League of Nations officers

3.3. In an attempt to win support from the country, Wilson In an attempt to win support from the country, Wilson embarked on a nationwide speaking tour. Suffered embarked on a nationwide speaking tour. Suffered collapse and stroke. collapse and stroke.

4.4. Senate rejected the Treaty. Unwilling to give up tradition Senate rejected the Treaty. Unwilling to give up tradition of nonalignment and to commit the U.S. to collective of nonalignment and to commit the U.S. to collective international action. international action.

Legacy of the WarLegacy of the War

A.A. Exposed the heterogeneity of the American people and Exposed the heterogeneity of the American people and the dvisions among them. the dvisions among them.

B.B. Government intervened in the economic and influenced Government intervened in the economic and influenced people's lives to an extent never done previously. people's lives to an extent never done previously.

C.C. U.S. is now the world's leading economic power and U.S. is now the world's leading economic power and largest trading nation. largest trading nation.

D.D. International system that came into being was unstable, International system that came into being was unstable, fragmented, and lacked American cooperation fragmented, and lacked American cooperation

E.E. Civil liberties restricted in attempt to achieve unity Civil liberties restricted in attempt to achieve unity

F.F. Ended Progressivism and brought mood of cynicism and Ended Progressivism and brought mood of cynicism and discouragement to American intellectuals discouragement to American intellectuals