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The Vocabulary Mapping Framework matrix
Gordon DunsirePresented to the Workshop on Conceptual Modelling
for Archives, Libraries and Museums
28-29 Jan 2010, National Gallery, Helsinki
Vocabulary Mapping Framework
Funded by UK’s Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)Only first stage funded
Major expansion of the RDA/ONIX framework for resource categorizationTo create a tool to support the automated
mapping of vocabularies from metadata standards of use to the JISC community
Research, teaching, learning environments
Project conducted during second half of 2009
A starting point: RDA outreach
Resource Description and AccessRDA outreach to other communities
RDA/ONIX frameworkRDA and publishing community
DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative) RDA Task Group
Members from Dublin Core, IEEE-Learning Object Metadata, RDA, and W3C communities
Expressing RDA element set and value vocabularies in Resource Description Framework (RDF)
See D-Lib Magazine January/February 2010
RDA alignment
RDA alignment with recent metadata models developed by IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions)Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Records (FRBR)Functional Requirements for Authority Data
(FRAD)Statement of International Cataloguing Principles
Stimulated IFLA project to develop RDF representation of FRBR (entity-relationship) modelRDF awaiting final approval
Other IFLA activity
Study group to consider RDF/XML representation of International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD)Model underpinning many national cataloguing
schema, including MARC21
Task group to consider general support for RDF/XML namespaces for IFLA “standards”
Consolidation of “FR” family of models, including Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) when finalised (2010+)
Linked data (2009, mostly)
Increasing presence of “expert” metadata in the linked data pool
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)With relators to Rameau (French subject heading
scheme) terms
Top-level Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) notations and captions (1000+)In 9 languages
Top-level Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) notations and captions real soon now
Opportunities and possibilities
If metadata schema (MARC21, UNIMARC, RDA, ISBD) in RDFThen easier to parse instance data (catalogue
records) into RDF
If very large quantities of legacy instance data available in RDFThen latent associations (relationships) can be
identified using statistical inferencingE.g. Mapping of DDC notations to LCSH (WebDewey)
If critical mass of rich (diverse) RDF triplesThen utility of Semantic Web increases
VMF requirements
VMF goal is to automatically compute the “best fit” mappings between any two pre-defined vocabularies
Scalable and extensible to accommodate new and changing vocabularies
Flexible to allow engagement by different communities in various stages of vocabulary development and mapping
Non-prescriptive to encourage uptakeAnd allow use beyond VMF (and RDF)
environment
VMF vocabularies
FRAD, FRBR, MARC21, RDA (libraries) ONIX (book/serials publishing) DDEX (recorded music) Dublin Core (web metadata) LOM SCORM (education) DOI (any content) CIDOC CRM (museums and archives) MPEG21 RDD (digital rights) RDA ONIX Framework (libraries and publishing)
Focus on Resource and Party (Agent) categories and relators between themIncreasing use of relators instead of attributes
VMF data model
Based on Rightscom’s COA model, which grew from the <indecs> frameworkHas much in common with FRBR and CIDOC
CRM
Terms are mapped into an ontology (the VMF matrix) built up from “families” of concepts based on verbs
Concept families provide all possible points (“nodes”) in the VMF matrix for vocabulary terms to be mapped.Nodes are generated automatically
Concept family
Accommodates terms for roles, bi-directional relator pairs, uni-directional relators (properties), classes and attributes
FRBR class “Choreography”vmf:ChoreographedDance
RDA role “choreographer”vmf:ChoreographedDance_DanceChoreographer
RDA/ONIX attribute “language”vmf:LexicalWork
DDEX role “Author”Vmf:LexicalWork_Writer
vmf:Adaptor
vmf:WordsAdaptor
vmf:Translator
vmf:SubtitlesTranslator
vmf:WordsCreator
vmf:TranslatorAndCommentator
vmf:Commentator onix:Translated by
onix:Translated withcommentary by
ddex:Translator
Ddex:SubtitlesTranslator
Mapping to the matrix
Every term in a vocabulary is given an equivalent term in a VMF concept family…
Every term in a vocabulary is given an equivalent term in a VMF concept family…
From: Godfrey Rust (Rightscom) – How the VMF matrix works, Nov 2009
vmf:Adaptor
vmf:WordsAdaptor
vmf:Translator
vmf:SubtitlesTranslator
vmf:WordsCreator
vmf:TranslatorAndCommentator
vmf:Commentator onix:Translated by
onix:Translated withcommentary by
ddex:Translator
ddex:SubtitlesTranslator
Queries can then be used to find the “best fit” mappings between two terms or complete vocabularies.
Queries can then be used to find the “best fit” mappings between two terms or complete vocabularies.
Mapping scheme to scheme
From: Godfrey Rust (Rightscom) – How the VMF matrix works, Nov 2009
vmf:Adaptor
vmf:WordsAdaptor
vmf:Translator
vmf:SubtitlesTranslator
vmf:WordsCreator
vmf:TranslatorAndCommentator
vmf:Commentator onix:Translated by
onix:Translated withcommentary by
ddex:Translator
Ddex:SubtitlesTranslator
Mapping scheme to scheme
Queries can then be used to find the “best fit” mappings between two terms or complete vocabularies.
Queries can then be used to find the “best fit” mappings between two terms or complete vocabularies.
From: Godfrey Rust (Rightscom) – How the VMF matrix works, Nov 2009
VMF matrix
Available (some constraints) from:http://cdlr.strath.ac.uk/VMF/documents.htm
Contains approximately:10 schemes53 vocabularies mapped in whole or part500+ concept families8000+ unique terms30,000+ RDF triples
RDF triples in TTL formatWith or without sample vocabulary mappings
Some documentation also available
Some applications
Metadata cross-walksBetween different vocabularies
E.g. Publisher metadata (ONIX) and library metadata (RDA)
Mapping of local, bespoke metadata schemesFrom local scheme to global frameworkLocal metadata often specialised, specific, and
unique
Identification
VMF namespace URI for every mapped vocabulary termLinked to published (scheme) URI for termScheme URI to be used as external referent
VMF is a black box
If term not mapped within VMFAdd to VMF
Forces review of internal VMF mappingsIf no scheme URI, use VMF URI as referent?
Map to term already mapped within VMFowl:equivalentClass; owl:equivalentProperty
