The VertebratesThe Vertebrates

Phylum: ChordataPhylum: Chordata

Subphylum: VertebrataSubphylum: Vertebrata

Class: IchthyesClass: Ichthyes

EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES:

Cartilagenous Fish:Cartilagenous Fish: SharksSharks SkatesSkates RaysRays

Bony Fish:Bony Fish: PerchPerch LungfishLungfish

Class: IchthyesClass: Ichthyes

HabitatHabitat aquaticaquatic freshwater & marinefreshwater & marine warm & coldwarm & cold

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System scales, mucusscales, mucus

Class: IchthyesClass: Ichthyes

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System gills for gas gills for gas

exchangeexchange

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System 2-chambered heart2-chambered heart

1 ventricle1 ventricle 1 atrium1 atrium

Class: IchthyesClass: Ichthyes

Body Temp RegulationBody Temp Regulation

Ectothermic:Ectothermic: body temp. same as body temp. same as

surrounding surrounding environmentenvironment

Reproductive SystemReproductive System External fertilizationExternal fertilization Large number of Large number of

eggseggs

Class: IchthyesClass: Ichthyes

Special AdaptationsSpecial Adaptations

Well adapted to life in water:Well adapted to life in water: Swim bladder – for buoyancySwim bladder – for buoyancy GillsGills Operculum - protects gillsOperculum - protects gills FinsFins

Class: AmphibiaClass: AmphibiaExamplesExamples frogs, salamandersfrogs, salamanders

HabitatHabitat fresh water fresh water terrestrial (but close terrestrial (but close

to water)to water) mostly warmmostly warm

Class: AmphibiaClass: Amphibia

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System moist skinmoist skin

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System Gas exchange thru Gas exchange thru

skin – MUST skin – MUST REMAIN MOIST!REMAIN MOIST!

Larvae – gillsLarvae – gills Adults - lungsAdults - lungs

Class: AmphibiaClass: Amphibia

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System 3-chambered heart3-chambered heart

1 Ventricle1 Ventricle Right and left atriumRight and left atrium

Body Temp RegulationBody Temp Regulation EctothermicEctothermic

Class: AmphibiaClass: Amphibia

Reproductive SystemReproductive System External FertilizationExternal Fertilization Large number of Large number of

eggs eggs

DevelopmentDevelopment MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Class: AmphibiaClass: Amphibia

Special AdaptationsSpecial Adaptations

Bridge between aquatic and terrestrial life:Bridge between aquatic and terrestrial life: LungsLungs Webbed feetWebbed feet Moist skinMoist skin MetamorphosisMetamorphosis

Class: ReptiliaClass: Reptilia

ExamplesExamples Lizards, snakes, Lizards, snakes,

turtles, crocodiles, turtles, crocodiles, dinosaursdinosaurs

HabitatHabitat Terrestrial (often dry)Terrestrial (often dry) WarmWarm

Class: ReptiliaClass: Reptilia

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System Scales, shells – to Scales, shells – to

retain waterretain water

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System Well-developed Well-developed

lungslungs

Class: ReptiliaClass: Reptilia

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System 3-chambered heart3-chambered heart

with partial septumwith partial septum

Body Temp RegulationBody Temp Regulation EctothermicEctothermic

Class: ReptiliaClass: Reptilia

Reproductive System Reproductive System Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization Fewer eggs Fewer eggs

producedproduced

DevelopmentDevelopment Amniotic egg – to Amniotic egg – to

nourish the embryonourish the embryo

Class: ReptiliaClass: Reptilia

Special AdaptationsSpecial Adaptations

Well adapted to life on land:Well adapted to life on land: Amniotic eggAmniotic egg ScalesScales Well-developed lungsWell-developed lungs

Class: AvesClass: Aves

ExamplesExamples

Birds:Birds: OstrichOstrich RobinRobin EagleEagle duckduck

Class: AvesClass: Aves

HabitatHabitat TerrestrialTerrestrial Arboreal (in trees)Arboreal (in trees) Warm and coldWarm and cold

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System FeathersFeathers

Class: AvesClass: Aves

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System Lungs with air sacsLungs with air sacs

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System 4-chambered heart4-chambered heart

2 ventricles2 ventricles 2 atria2 atria

Class: AvesClass: Aves

Body Temp RegulationBody Temp Regulation Endothermic Endothermic – body – body

temperature is temperature is maintained internally maintained internally at a certain rangeat a certain range

Reproductive SystemReproductive System Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization Fewer eggs Fewer eggs

producedproduced Amniotic eggAmniotic egg

Class: AvesClass: Aves

Special AdaptationsSpecial Adaptations Flight Adaptations:Flight Adaptations:

WingsWings FeathersFeathers Hollow bonesHollow bones

Adaptations to Adaptations to environment:environment: Beaks –food sourceBeaks –food source Feet – lifestyleFeet – lifestyle WingsWings

Class: MammaliaClass: Mammalia

ExamplesExamples Placental:Placental: humans, humans,

dogs, elephants, dogs, elephants, whaleswhales

Marsupial:Marsupial: kangaroo kangaroo Monotreme:Monotreme: platypus platypus

Class: MammaliaClass: Mammalia

HabitatHabitat Terrestrial Terrestrial AquaticAquatic ArborealArboreal Warm & coldWarm & cold

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System SkinSkin Hair or furHair or fur

Class: MammaliaClass: Mammalia

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System Lungs and diaphramLungs and diaphram

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System 4-chambered heart4-chambered heart

2 atria2 atria 2 ventricles2 ventricles

Body Temp RegulationBody Temp Regulation EndothermicEndothermic

Class: MammaliaClass: Mammalia

Reproductive SystemReproductive System Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization Live birthLive birth Embryo develops Embryo develops

internally internally Except monotremes Except monotremes

lay eggslay eggs

Class: MammaliaClass: Mammalia

Special AdaptationsSpecial Adaptations mammary glandsmammary glands

placentaplacenta live birthlive birth

large brainlarge brain variety of teethvariety of teeth