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Chapter 3
The ver,cal structure of the atmosphere
What is Ch3 about? • Observed ver3cal distribu3on of temperature, water vapor,
and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
• Comparison between observed temperature and radia3ve equilibrium profile.
• Implied distribu3on of pressure and density, assuming the atmosphere to be in hydrosta3c balance, and comparison with observa3ons.
• Density and pressure decay with height by a factor of e every 7– 8 km (atmosphere does not have a top)
O2 abs UV
O3 abs UV
O3 peak conc
Molecules (O2, CO2), dominant IR emiNer
OZONE LAYER IS VERY OPAQUE TO UV
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER VAPOR IS IN LARGE PART A CONSEQUENCE OF THE CLAUSIUS-‐CLAPEYRON
TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE CANNOT BE EXPLAINED JUST BY RADIATION TROPOSPHERE WARMED BY CONVECTION FROM LOWER SURFACE
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRESSURE AND DENSITY: HYDROSTATIC BALANCE
What is the implied ver3cal distribu3on of pressure p and density ρ ? If the atmosphere were at rest, or sta3c, then pressure at any level would depend on the weight of the fluid above that level -‐ hydrosta3c balance
hydrosta3c balance
Ref profile: T0=237.08 K H=6.80 km