THE USES OF ENZYME IN DA ILY

L I FEN A M E : D U R G G A S H N I

S A N T H I R A NC L A S S : 4 S A I N S 1S U B J E C T : B I O L O G Y

INTRODUCTION• What is enzyme?

Enzymes are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells. They are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as aiding in digestion and metabolism.Some enzymes help break large molecules into smaller pieces that are more easily absorbed by the body. Other enzymes help bind two molecules together to produce a new molecule. Enzymes are highly selective catalysts, meaning that each enzyme only speeds up a specific reaction.

WHAT ENZYMES ARE USED FOR, IN OUR DAILY LIFE?• Enzymes can be used for

many reasons.• For example :

Biological detergentsMeat tenderization Fruit juice White bread Fructose syrup

USES OF ENZYME IN OUR DAILY LIFEBiological detergents

Enzymes are used in biological detergents becausea) Enzymes are active at very low concentration, 1 to 2ppm.b) Enzymes can remove stains at low temperatures, saving both

energy and chemicals.c) They are highly biodegradable.

Biological detergents contains protease, amylases, and lipases.Proteases acts on stains containing protein such as blood and saliva.

USES OF ENZYME IN DAILY LIFE

Amylases remove stains containing starch, such as sauces, ice cream and gravy.Lipases are effective in removing oil and grease.Recently, cellulose has been added to brighten the colors

and soften the fabric.

USES OF ENZYME IN OUR DAILY LIFEMeat tenderization

Meat can be treated with proteases to break down fibrous proteins in the connective tissues thus increasing the tenderness of meat. The protein, papain, present in papaya, is sold commercially as meat tenderizer to be used in homes.

USES OF ENZYME IN OUR DAILY LIFE

Fructose syrupFructose syrup is greatly in demand then glucose as a food and drink sweetener because the former is sweeter and has a lower calorific value than glucose.The raw material for fructose syrup is corn starch.The conversion of starch to syrup requires three types of enzymes :

a) Alpha-amylaseb) Glucoamylasec) Glucose isomerase

USES OF ENZYME IN OUR DAILY LIFE

Alpha-amylase and glucoamylase catalyse the conversion of starch to glucose.Glucose isomerase changes glucose to fructose.Glucoamylase is obtained from fungi, whereas alpha-

amylase and glucose isomerase are obtained from bacteria.

USES OF ENZYME IN OUR DAILY LIFEWhite bread

Lipo-oxygenase are used to bleach the dough.Alpha- amylase catalyse the break down of flour starch to glucose.The glucose can then be metobolised by yeast cells in dough.

USES OF ENZYME IN OUR DAILY LIFEFruit juice

Plant cell walls contain pectines which make the fruit juice viscious and difficult to extract. To overcome this problem, fruit juice is treated with pectinase to convert pectin to short-chain sugars. Removal of pectin increases the volume of fruit juice extracted, speeds up filtration of the juice, prevents the flavor from deteriorating and prevents the juice from becoming cloudy during cold storage.

CONCLUSION

• We eat food, but our digestive system doesn’t absorb food, it absorbs nutrients. Food has to be broken down from things like steak and broccoli into its nutrient pieces: amino acids (from proteins), fatty acids and cholesterol (from fats), and simple sugars (from carbohydrates), as well as vitamins, minerals, and a variety of other plant and animal compounds. Digestive enzymes, primarily produced* in the pancreas and small intestine, break down our food into nutrients so that our bodies can absorb them. If we don’t have enough digestive enzymes, we can’t break down our food—which means even though we’re eating well, we aren’t absorbing all that good nutrition.

• Importantly, managing chronic stress is vitally important to restoring healthy digestive function. Most of us are cramming food in our faces at our desks or while we’re on the go, then we’re off to do the next thing on our list. We live most of our lives in sympathetic mode—and aren’t giving a high priority to properly digesting our food.

• So, lets take care of our little enzymes and live greatly.

THANK YOU!!