The Use of Radio Frequency Identificaion (RFID) in Pharmacy

8/14/2019 The Use of Radio Frequency Identificaion (RFID) in Pharmacy

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The Use of Radio Frequency

Identification in Pharmacy

as presented byPeter O Omondi

Pharmacy Department

Princess Elizabeth Hospital

(Health & Social Services Dept, The States of Guernsey)

Peter O Omondi, MScMBIT Faculty of BCIMLondon Southbank University (LSBU)

27 January 2010


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The Proposed Use of RFID to

Track Patient MedicationCompounded in the Pharmacy

Production Unit at UniversityCollege London Hospital

Project Dissertation

ByPeter O Omondi,

MScMBIT


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What is RFID?

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) - the

technology that allows people to identify

items uniquely by using electronic taggingtechniques in which electro-magnetic radio

waves are used to exchange data. This data is

stored in a silicon chip, between movable

tagged objects and fixedreaders in specific

locations. Landt (2005)


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Types of RFID Systems(Landt, 2005)

Uni-directionalRead Only (R).

Bi-directional/Two-wayRead/Write (RW).

Write Once Read Many - WORM


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History of RFID

RADAR in 1940s in WWII Leon Theremin (1946)

Listening Device TX incident Radio waves

with sound information diaphragmmodulated reflected radio frequency.

Not essentially ID tag.

Widely considered to be predecessor of RFIDtech.


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Investors in RFID Manufacturing - >USD 6bn by 2010 (US and

Europe = USD 3bn). Pharmaceuticals, Consumer Packaged Goods

(CPG) and Automobiles.

(RFID in Manufacturing, 2005)

Boeing - Massive savings in 787 Dreamliner

(Business Week, 2009)

Retail Tesco, Target - Suppliers adopt andincorporate RFID tech.

Walmart - RFID to reduce o/s by 30% (RFID Journal,09)


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Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals(Business Week, 2009)

Feb 2004FDA in US allowed entire pceuticalsupply chain to implement and use RFID by

2007

Oct 2004 ER dept of Washington HospCentre in DC used RFID for tracking status and

exact location pts, staff and essential equip.

Tagging of pts in hosp challenges (invasion ofprivacy) Caldicott???

Data collected improve medical processes,

decision-making and resource management.Peter O Omondi, MScMBIT Faculty of BCIMLondon Southbank University (LSBU)

27 January 2010


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UCLH at a glance

UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust wasformed in 1994.

Mission - UCLH Committed to:

patients safety.

Improved patient services.

Comply with DoH standards and performanceindicators.

Pharmacy Aseptic Unit.

(uclh.nhs.uk)


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Patient reports to clinic

Blood screening in outpatient.

Prescription generated.

Prescription sent to Pharmacy by hand. Prescription received and screened by

pharmacist.

Worksheets (W/S) and labels generated.


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Workflow inside the unit (Ref: Fig2)

Worksheets and labels sent to assembly point.

Raw materials assembled and checked

W/S and Raw Materials sprayed into CleanRoom.

Chemo compounded and sent out to checking

and labelling area.

Checked off by pharmacist and put in

collection box.

Peter O Omondi, MScMBIT Faculty of BCIM

London Southbank University (LSBU)

27 January 2010


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.



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Supply Chain Workflow



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Outside the unit (Ref: Fig3)

Nurse phones unit to enquire about

prescription.

If outpatient nurse collects.

If inpatient porter collects at designated

pick-up times.



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.



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Problems & Opportunities Difficult to know the progress of the chemo

while production is going on.

Standards & Guidelines

Dept of Health (DoH)

>=20yrs for Prescriptions Waiting times

MHRA Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)

Royal Pharmaceutical Society of GB (RPSGB)guidelines

Std Operating Procedures (SOPS)

ISO Services

IEEE, BCSPeter O Omondi, MScMBIT Faculty of BCIM


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27 January 2010

Findings...

Unit has a stand-alone PC that records the

entrance and exit of the prescription.

Porter/nurse collects prescription tracking

lost.

Need to improve on the current

documentation process.

Need to manage waiting times positively.

RFID has potential.


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27 January 2010

Available Technology: Tracking and Tracing

Tracking Following products as they move

through the supply chain stage by stage (Barcoding).

Tracing Getting information about a specific

product. Mostly done at the end of the supply chain(downstream). e.g. finding out which

actor/technician has been involved in the

manufacture of a product and then the information

is traced backwards (RFID).(Symonds and Parry, 2008)


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London Southbank University (LSBU)27 January 2010

Barcode TechnologyTypical Barcode

Barcode Readers


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RFID Tags and Readers(RFID Journal, 2009)

.Tag Tag

Handheld Reader Reader Demo


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Intellitag Ready-to-Go Evaluation KitCourtesy of: Barcoding.com (2009)



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Barcode Vs RFID



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Types of RFID tags



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Project Objectives

Potential benefits of RFID to theNHS

Introduce RFID technology intoNHS

Working prototype application

How Viable/Affordable? To gain hands-on experience



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High-Level Project Plan

Literature Review

Requirement Elicitation Requirement Specification

Choice of methodology PRINCE2, Agile

Methods, Extreme Programming (XP). Risk Analysis (ID, classify, mgt plan) Risk Log

Resource Planning

Resource Allocation

Task and Time Allocation

(Nuseibeh and Easterbrook, 2000)

l h


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A typical RFID Architecture



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P d UCLH RFID A hit t


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Proposed UCLH RFID Architecture



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UCLH P d ti U it Fl Pl


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UCLH Production Unit Floor Plan



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Cost consideration - Adapted from the module Managing Mobile Technologies in MScMBIT,


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Cost consideration Adapted from the module Managing Mobile Technologies in MScM IT,

LSBU, coursework in Semester 2, Omondi, P (May 2009).

Solution Characteristic & Cost

Manual systemExisting costs based on salaried existing members of staff.

Barcoding Set-up Costs: Need to have labels printed, purchase scanners, software

and install these onto system, staff training.

Cost: Existing + Barcode set-up costs, scan twice (beginning and end

dedicated staff member, hence takes up more time and commits staff).

RFID Set-up costs: Slightly higher than Barcoding (but offset by long-term

benefits of the technology).

Cost: Existing + RFID set-up costs.

Recommended The Strategic Orientation at UCLH favours the introduction of RFID

technology, as they would like to have better tracking with much focus on

the tracing elements of RFID applications.



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Implementation

Prototype

Test Prototype function V specs

Re-evaluation of Prototype

Implementation of System Maintenance of System

Data Quality, Integrity

Use of Data Gathered - to improve system,decision-making process, resource and asset

management.Peter O Omondi, MScMBIT Faculty of BCIM


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References

Arnott, S. (2007). Minister prescribes RFID tags for NHSComputing.co.uk

http://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-

prescribes-rfid-tags (accessed 10 May 2009).

Barcoding.com (2009). How much does an RFID tag cost?.

http://www.barcoding.com/faq/rfid-tag-cost.shtml [Accessed 30

September 2009].

British Journal of Healthcare Computing and Information Management

(2008) NHS hospitals adopting barcode and RFID technology to improve

patient safety http://www.bjhcim.co.uk/news/2008/n807018.htm#

[Accessed Jul 2009].

IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques (2009). "A Chipless

RFID Sensor System for Cyber Centric Monitoring Applications".

Jones, P., Clarke-Hill, C., Shears, P., Comfort, D., &Hillier, D. (2004). Radio

frequency identification in the UK: Opportunities and challenges.

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 32(3), 164-171.



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http://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-prescribes-rfid-tagshttp://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-prescribes-rfid-tagshttp://www.barcoding.com/faq/rfid-tag-cost.shtmlhttp://www.bjhcim.co.uk/news/2008/n807018.htmhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=4909499&arnumber=4806180http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=4909499&arnumber=4806180http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=4909499&arnumber=4806180http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?isnumber=4909499&arnumber=4806180http://www.bjhcim.co.uk/news/2008/n807018.htmhttp://www.barcoding.com/faq/rfid-tag-cost.shtmlhttp://www.barcoding.com/faq/rfid-tag-cost.shtmlhttp://www.barcoding.com/faq/rfid-tag-cost.shtmlhttp://www.barcoding.com/faq/rfid-tag-cost.shtmlhttp://www.barcoding.com/faq/rfid-tag-cost.shtmlhttp://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-prescribes-rfid-tagshttp://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-prescribes-rfid-tagshttp://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-prescribes-rfid-tagshttp://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-prescribes-rfid-tagshttp://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-prescribes-rfid-tagshttp://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-prescribes-rfid-tagshttp://www.computing.co.uk/computing/news/2183863/minister-prescribes-rfid-tags


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References (Cont)

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency[MHRA] (2009). Good Manufacturing Practice,http://www.mhra.gov.uk/Howweregulate/Medicines/Inspectionandstandards/GoodManufacturingPractice/index.htm[Accessed 06 June 2009].

Roberts, C. M., (2006) Radio frequency identification(RFID) Science Direct. compute r s & s e c u r i t y 2 5 ( 2 0 06 ) pg18 26.

The Department of Health (2009) Pharmacy in the Future:Implementing the NHS planhttp://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/Publications PolicyAndGuidance/DH_4005917(Accessed 16 March 2009).



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http://www.mhra.gov.uk/Howweregulate/Medicines/Inspectionandstandards/GoodManufacturingPractice/index.htmhttp://www.mhra.gov.uk/Howweregulate/Medicines/Inspectionandstandards/GoodManufacturingPractice/index.htmhttp://www.mhra.gov.uk/Howweregulate/Medicines/Inspectionandstandards/GoodManufacturingPractice/index.htmhttp://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/Publications%20PolicyAndGuidance/DH_4005917http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/Publications%20PolicyAndGuidance/DH_4005917http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/Publications%20PolicyAndGuidance/DH_4005917http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/Publications%20PolicyAndGuidance/DH_4005917http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/Publications%20PolicyAndGuidance/DH_4005917http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/Publications%20PolicyAndGuidance/DH_4005917http://www.mhra.gov.uk/Howweregulate/Medicines/Inspectionandstandards/GoodManufacturingPractice/index.htmhttp://www.mhra.gov.uk/Howweregulate/Medicines/Inspectionandstandards/GoodManufacturingPractice/index.htm


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Thank you for your time



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The Use of Radio Frequency Identificaion (RFID) in Pharmacy