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A Copesan Pest Services Partner
Presented by
The Use of Pheromones in Pest Management
Jeffrey A. Weier BCESprague Pest Solutions
A Copesan Pest Services Partner
Overview
What are PheromonesInsect Olfactory PhysiologyPheromones and Pest ManagementPheromone Trapping Principles
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Pheromones
Substances that are released into the environment by a member of a species that elicits a specific response in members of the same species.Aggregation PheromonesSex Pheromones
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Aggregation Pheromones
Produced by maleAttract both males, females, adults and larvae of same speciesAct over short distancesHigh concentrations may be repellent, spacing phenomenaUsed by species with long lived adults
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Sex Pheromones
Produced by the femaleAttracts adult males of same speciesAct over long distancesUsed by highly mobile, dispersed speciesUsed by species with short lived adults
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Olfactory Physiology
Insects smell with their antennaeSpecific hairs sense specific odorsInsects are optimized to detect changes in concentrationThis allows them to follow odor gradients
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Female Moth “Calling”
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Male Response
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Odor Orientation
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Pheromones and Pest Management
Types of PheromonesCommercial Pheromones that are AvailableUses of PheromonesTypes of Pheromone LuresTypes of Pheromone Traps
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Commercial Pheromones Stored Product MothWarehouse BeetleCigarette BeetleDrugstore Beetle
Red and Confused Flour BeetlesLesser Grain Borer
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Uses of Pheromones
DetectionMonitoringMass TrappingMating DisruptionAttracticidePathogen Dispersion
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Pheromone Lures
FiberPlastic TubeRubber SeptaControlled Release MembraneBeadsOil SolutionsGels
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Pheromone Lures
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Trap TypesFunnel TrapsGrain Probe TrapsPitfall TrapsSticky Traps
Box TrapsWing TrapsDelta TrapsDiamond TrapsDiscreet Trap
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Funnel Trap
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Grain Probe Traps
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Pitfall Traps
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Box Traps
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Wing Traps
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Lures and Traps
Lures can be used in different trapsPheromones are distinct and do not interactMultiple, different lures for different species can be used in the same trap
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Additional Attractants
Food odors enhance the response to pheromones for some insectsFlower odors increase response to pheromones in some insectsThese attractants may need to be added to trap for it to be effective
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Where the Rubber Meets the Road
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Pheromone Trapping Principles
Active SpaceAdditional AttractantsTemperature EffectsTrap PlacementTrap Density
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Active SpaceThe volume of airspace in which an individual will respond to a pheromone.Response distance to a trap.Related to concentration and release rate of pheromone from its lure.Some lures have an active space extending 20 or more feet from trap while others extend only 8 to 9 feet from trap
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Temperature EffectsTemperature affects insect’s response to pheromoneBelow 60 degrees F. reproduction ceases and insects stop responding to pheromonePheromone volatility increases with temperature, therefore detection distance may increase
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Trap Placement and Density
Place at eye level for flying insectsTo cover entire space, place traps about 20 feet apart verticallyPlace traps at least 30 feet apart horizontallyOne trap for every 10,000 to 30,000 square feetPlace at least three traps in each discreet room or zoneWatch for air currents
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Presented by
Specific Insect Programs
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Stored Product Moths
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Moth Lures Can Capture Multiple Species
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Stored Product Moths
Do not need food attractantsSticky traps are bestEye level placements are goodTraps should be placed along wallsExterior trapping should be used to verify activitySome lures are long rangeShort range lure available which approximates release rate of female moth. They attract over a short range and elicit rapid response
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What About Females?
Moth trapping measures malesOviposition traps have been the only means to measure femalesThere is a new female lure available which utilizing oviposition stimuli to capture gravid females
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Female Lures; Moth Suppression®
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Warehouse Beetle
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Warehouse Beetles
Strong fliers; traps can be mounted at eye levelSticky traps are best although pitfall traps can workNo additional attractants neededSince they are present outdoors, outdoor monitoring is recommended
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Flour Beetles
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Red and Confused Flour Beetles
Short range attraction; place close together near suspect productMust use a food attractant in combination with pheromonePantry Patrol oil works wellUse pitfall trap (Flitetrak M2) or floor trapNot practical for routine monitoring of entire facility; use near susceptible or suspect product
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Pitfall Traps
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Cigarette and Drugstore Beetles
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Cigarette Beetles
Several different lures availableDrugstore beetle pheromone is differentPheromones used in combination with food attractant work bestNew formulations are being developed
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Sawtooth Grain Beetles
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Sawtooth Grain Beetles
Commercial pheromone not availablePantry Patrol oil will attract themUse pitfall trapsAttraction is short range, place traps 6 to 10 feet apart
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Questions?