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THE USE OF NOUGHTS AND CROSSES GAME

TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ MASTERY OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE

(A Classroom Action Research in the Eighth Grade

of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year 2014/2015)

By

Siti Wahyu Endah Permatasari

NIM. 201132115

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2015

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THE USE OF NOUGHTS AND CROSSES GAME

TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ MASTERY OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE

(A Classroom Action Research in the Eighth Grade

of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year 2014/2015)

SKRIPSI

Presented to the University of Muria Kudus

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing

the Sarjana Program in the Department of English Education

By

Siti Wahyu Endah Permatasari

NIM. 201132115

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2015

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MOTTO

The best people is people who can give benefit to others

Do the best every time

Always say basmalah before doing everything, try to do the best in doing

it, and say hamdalah after that

Be cheerful as always, be smart, and be patience

Dedication

To her great parents

(Mr. Nor Cholis and Mrs. Lasmini)

To her beloved brother

(M. Kholisul Fuad)

To her best friends

To everyone who loves her

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, praise to Allah the lord who gave blessing to the writer

during the study and in completing the final project entitled THE USE OF

NOUGHTS AND CROSSES GAME TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’

MASTERY OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE (A Classroom Action Research in the

Eighth Grade of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year

2014/2015).

Furthermore, the writer would like to express the sincerity gratitude and

appreciation for the available assistance given by many people in finishing this

research. They are:

1. Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., the Dean of Teacher Training and Education

Faculty of Muria Kudus University and the first advisor who gave the best

support and guided in finishing this research

2. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd., M.Pd., the Head of English Education Department of

Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University

3. Rusiana, M.Pd., the second advisor who gave careful correction, good

suggestion, and encouragement during the consultation

4. Drs. Abdul Kholiq, the headmaster of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar who

had given permission for the writer to conduct the research

5. Sulistyo Windarti, S.Pd., the English teacher of MTs. Mazroatul Huda

Karanganyar who had helped the writer in conducting research

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6. All lecturers in English Education Department of Teacher Training and

Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University who had taught during studying

in this faculty

7. All my friends especially Lisa, Dewi, Widi, Nia, and Umi who have given

support and shared knowledge in finishing the research

8. All students in English Education Department in academic year 2010/2011

who gave contribution to the writer during “SKRIPSI”

9. All students in the eighth D grade of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in

academic year 2014/2015 who had welcome and participated in the research

Finally, the writer appreciates and accepts criticism and suggestion for this

research from the reader. The writer hopes this research can be beneficial and

helpful in teaching English.

Kudus, July 2014

The writer

Siti Wahyu Endah P.

NIM. 201132115

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ABSTRACT

Wahyu Endah Permatasari, Siti. 2015. The use of noughts and crosses game to

improve the students’ mastery of simple past tense (A classroom action

research in the eighth grade at MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in

academic year 2014/2015). Skripsi. English Education Department,

Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University.

Advisors: (i) Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., (ii) Rusiana, S.Pd., M.Pd.,

Keywords: Simple past tense, noughts and crosses game, and eighth grade

students of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar

In learning English, there are four skills should be mastered they are:

speaking, reading, listening, and writing. Besides that, students should learn

grammar. Grammar is important to build sentence. Grammar material for the

eighth grade students is simple past tense. The writer focuses on the improvement

of students’ mastery of simple past tense; because they have difficulty in

arranging sentence and changing infinitive become past tense. In this research, the

writer uses noughts and crosses game to improve the students’ mastery of simple

past tense of the eighth grade students of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar.

These objectives of the research are to find out whether noughts and

crosses game can improve students’ mastery of simple past tense, to describe the

process of teaching simple past tense by using noughts and crosses game, and to

describe the students’ response of teaching simple past tense by using noughts and

crosses game in the eighth grade of MTs Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak in

academic year 2014/2015

The design of the research is classroom action research which consists of

four steps, namely: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. This research was

conducted in two cycles. The subject is the eighth grade students of MTs.

Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar which has 40 students. The writer used three

instruments to collect the data. They were observation sheet, achievement test,

and questionnaire.

The result of this research showed that the use of noughts and crosses

game can improve the students’ mastery of simple past tense. The average score

of students’ mastery of simple past tense in cycle 1 was 70 categorized fair. It is

increased in cycle 2 it was 83 which is categorized very satisfying. The

implementation of noughts and crosses game was successful. The students are

active, pay attention and enjoy in teaching and learning process. The students also

gave positive response on the use of noughts and crosses game. They had

motivation and enthusiasm in learning simple past tense by suing noughts and

crosses game.

Noughts and crosses game can improve the students’ mastery of simple

past tense. The writer suggested to the teacher to apply noughts and crosses game

as alternative technique to teach simple past tense. By using noughts and crosses

game, the students are easy to make sentence and enjoy in the teaching and

learning process.

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ABSTRAK

Wahyu Endah Permatasari, Siti. 2015. Penggunaan Noughts and Crosses Game

untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Siswa terhadap Simple Past Tense

(Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas Delapan MTs. Mazroatul Huda

Karanganyar Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015). Skripsi. Jurusan Pendidikan

Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas

Muria Kudus. Dosen pembimbing: (i) Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd.,

(ii) Rusiana, S.Pd, M.Pd

Kata kunci: Simple past tense, Noughts and crosses game, dan kelas delapan Mts.

Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar

Dalam belajar bahasa inggris, ada empat kemampuan yang harus dikuasai

yaitu berbicara, membaca, mendengar, dan menulis. Selain itu, siswa harus belajar

tata bahasa. Tata bahasa penting untuk membangun kalimat. Materi tata bahasa

untuk siswa kelas delapan adalah simple past tense. Penulis fokus pada

peningkatan kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past tense, karena mereka

mempunyai kesulitan dalam menyusun kalimat dan mengubah kata kerja pertama

menjadi kata kerja kedua. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan noughts

and crosses game untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past

tense di kelas delapan MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan apakah noughts and

crosses game dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past tense,

untuk menggambarkan proses pengajaran simple past tense menggunakan noughts

and crosses game, dan menggambarkan respon siswa terhadap pengajaran simple

past tense menggunakan noughts and crosses game di kelas delapan MTs.

Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar tahun ajaran 2014/2015

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan noughts and crosses

game dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past tense. Nilai

rata-rata kemampuan siswa terhadap simple past tense di siklus pertama adalah 70

dikategorikan cukup. Itu meningkat di siklus kedua yaitu 83 dikategorikan sangat

memuaskan. Siswa menjadi aktiv, perhatian dan senang dalam proses pengajaran

dan pembelajaran. Siswa juga memberi respon positif terhadap penggunaan

noughts and crosses game. mereka mempunyai motivasi dan antusias dalam

belajar simple past tense menggunakan noughts and crosse game.

Noughts and crosses game dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa

terhadap simple past tense. Penulis menyarankan pada guru untuk

mengaplikasikan noughts and crosses game sebagai tehnik alternatif untuk

mengajar simple past tense. Dengan menggunakan noughts and crosses game,

siswa menjadi mudah untuk membuat kalimat dan senang dalam proses mengajar

dan belajar.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER ........................................................................................................... i

LOGO .............................................................................................................. ii

TITLE ............................................................................................................. iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... iv

ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................ v

EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ......................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... x

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... xi

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xiv

LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... xv

LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................... xvi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................... 4

1.3 Objectives of the Research ....................................................................... 4

1.4 Significance of the Research .................................................................... 5

1.5 Scope of the Research ............................................................................... 6

1.6 Operational Definition .............................................................................. 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW RELATED TO LITERATURE AND ACTION

HYPOTHESIS ...................................................................... 7

2.1 Teaching English in MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak ............. 7

2.1.1 Curriculum of English Subjects in the Eighth Grade Students of MTs.

Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak ...................................................... 8

2.1.2 Purpose of teaching English in the Eighth Grade Students of MTs.

Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak ...................................................... 8

2.1.3 Materials of the English Subject in the Eighth Grade Students of MTs.

Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar Demak ...................................................... 9

2.1.4 Technique of teaching English in the Eighth Grade of MTs. Mazroatul

Huda Karanganyar Demak ....................................................................... 10

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2.2 Grammar ................................................................................................... 10

2.2.1 Definition of Grammar ............................................................................ 11

2.3 Tenses ......................................................................................................... 11

2.3.1 Definition of Tense ................................................................................. 11

2.3.2 Types of Tense ........................................................................................ 12

2.4 Simple Past Tense ...................................................................................... 12

2.4.1 Definition of Simple Past Tense ............................................................. 13

2.4.2 The Pattern of Simple Past Tense ........................................................... 13

2.4.3 The Function of Simple Past Tense ........................................................ 16

2.4.4 The Time Signal of simple past tense ..................................................... 16

2.5 Noughts and Crosses Game ...................................................................... 17

2.5.1 General Introductory of Noughts and Crosses Game ............................. 17

2.5.2 Advantages of Noughts and Crosses Game ............................................ 18

2.6 Noughts and Crosses Game to Teach Simple Past Tense .......................... 18

2.7 Previous Research ...................................................................................... 20

2.8 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 21

2.9 Action Hypothesis ...................................................................................... 23

CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH ...................................... 24

3.1 Setting and Characteristic of the Subject of the Research ........................ 24

3.2 Variable of the Research ........................................................................... 25

3.3 Design of the Research ............................................................................. 25

3.3.1 Planning .................................................................................................. 26

3.3.2 Action ...................................................................................................... 27

3.3.3 Observation ............................................................................................. 27

3.3.4 Analysis and Reflection .......................................................................... 28

3.4 Technique of the Collecting Data .............................................................. 28

3.5 Instrument of the Research......................................................................... 29

3.6 Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 29

3.7 Indicators of Success .................................................................................. 32

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CHAPTER IV FINDING OF THE RESEARCH ....................................... 33

4.1 Pre Cycle .................................................................................................... 33

4.2 The Result of Cycle 1 ................................................................................. 35

4.3 The Result of Cycle 2 ................................................................................. 49

CHAPTER V DISCUSSION ......................................................................... 62

5.1 The Students’ Mastery of Simple Past Tense in the Eighth Grade

of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year 2014/2015. .... 62

5.2 The Implementation of Noughts and Crosses Game in Teaching

Simple Past Tense in the Eighth Grade Students of MTs. Mazroatul

Huda Karanganyar in Academic Year 2014/2015 .................................... 63

5.3 The Students’ Response on the Use of Noughts and Crosses Game

in the Eighth Grade of MTs. Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar

in Academic Year 2014/2015 ................................................................... 67

CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................... 69

6.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................. 69

6.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................. 70

BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 72

APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 74

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LIST OF TABLES

Page

2.1 The Patterns of Verbal and Nominal Sentences of Simple Past Tense ..... 13

2.2 The Patterns of Verbal and Nominal Negatives Sentence of Simple Past

Tense ......................................................................................................... 14

2.3 The Patterns of Verbal and Nominal Interrogatives Sentence of Simple

Past Tense ................................................................................................. 14

2.4 The Regular Verbs of Simple Past Tense Forms ....................................... 15

2.5 The Irregular Verbs of Simple Past Tense Forms .....................................

3.1 Description of the Measurement of the Students’ Achievement .............. 31

4.1 Data of Students’ Score of Midterm Test ................................................. 34

4.2 The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’ Activity in Teaching

and Learning Simple Past Tense by Using Noughts and Crosses Game

in the First Meeting of Cycle 1 ................................................................. 37

4.3 The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’ Activity in Teaching

and Learning Simple Past Tense by Using Noughts and Crosses Game

in the Second Meeting of Cycle 1 ............................................................. 40

4.4 The Students’ Score of Achievement Test in Cycle 1 ............................... 44

4.5 The Students’ Response on the Use of Noughts and Crosses Game in

Learning Simple Past Tense ...................................................................... 46

4.6 The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’ Activity in Teaching

and Learning Simple Past Tense by Using Noughts and Crosses Game

in the First Meeting of Cycle 2 ................................................................. 50

4.7 The Observation Result of Teacher’s and Students’ Activity in Teaching

and Learning Simple Past Tense by Using Noughts and Crosses Game

in the Second Meeting of Cycle 2 ............................................................. 54

4.8 The Students’ Score of Achievement Test in Cycle 2 ............................... 57

4.9 Students Response on the Use of Noughts and Crosses Game ................ 59

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TABLE OF FIGURES

Page

2.1 Grid of Noughts and Crosses Game (Grid A and Grid Irregular Verb ...... 19

2.2 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 22

3.1 Cyclical AR Model Based on Kemmis and MC. Taggart .......................... 26

4.1 Diagram of Interpretation Data .................................................................. 61

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Page

1. Syllabus of MTs.Mazroatul Huda Karanganyar ....................................... 74

2. Lesson Plan of Cycle 1 ............................................................................. 90

3. Lesson Plan of Cycle 2 ............................................................................. 99

4. Observation Sheet in Cycle 1 .................................................................... 108

5. Observation Sheet in Cycle 2 .................................................................... 112

6. Students Test in Cycle 1 ........................................................................... 116

7. Students Test in Cycle 2 ........................................................................... 117

8. The Students’ Score of Midterm Test ....................................................... 118

9. The Students’ Score of Achievement Test in Cycle 1 .............................. 119

10. The Students’ Score of Achievement Test in Cycle 2 .............................. 120

11. The Answer Key of Achievement Test in Cycle 1 ................................... 121

12. The Answer Key of Achievement Test in Cycle 2 ................................... 122

13. Questionnaire for Students ........................................................................ 123

14. Surat Keterangan ....................................................................................... 124

15. Surat Permohonan Ijin Penelitian ............................................................. 125

16. Surat Keterangan Selesai Bimbingan ........................................................ 126

17. Surat Bukti Penelitian ............................................................................... 127

18. Surat Permohonan Ujian Skripsi ............................................................... 128

19. Statement ................................................................................................... 129

20. Berita Acara Bimbingan ........................................................................... 130

21. Documentation .......................................................................................... 132

22. Curriculum Vitae ...................................................................................... 133