The U.S. Civil Service SystemThe U.S. Civil Service System

I. IntroductionI. Introduction A. Related to Max Weber’s conception of bureaucracyA. Related to Max Weber’s conception of bureaucracy B. Reaction against patronage or spoilsB. Reaction against patronage or spoils II. History of the Civil Service SystemII. History of the Civil Service System A. Good Standards Period (Govt. By Gentlemen): A. Good Standards Period (Govt. By Gentlemen):

includes 1includes 1stst six Presidents six Presidents B. Election of Andrew Jackson as PresidentB. Election of Andrew Jackson as President 1. “common man” approach to hiring1. “common man” approach to hiring 2. began spoils system2. began spoils system 3. belief in rotation in office with no social class in charge3. belief in rotation in office with no social class in charge

U.S. Civil Service SystemU.S. Civil Service System

C. Grant Presidency: corruptionC. Grant Presidency: corruption D. 1870 Civil Service ActD. 1870 Civil Service Act 1. creation of Civil Service Commission1. creation of Civil Service Commission 2. job roles identified2. job roles identified 3. Failed due to lack of funding3. Failed due to lack of funding E. Excesses/Problems with Spoils System E. Excesses/Problems with Spoils System

IdentifiedIdentified -5 different problems-5 different problems

F. Assassination of GarfieldF. Assassination of Garfield Announcement of the Assassination of President Garfield to Representatives of the United States AbroadAnnouncement of the Assassination of President Garfield to Representatives of the United States Abroad

September 20, 1881September 20, 1881

LONG BRANCH, N.J., September 20, 1881LONG BRANCH, N.J., September 20, 1881. .

LOWELL,LOWELL, Minister, London: Minister, London: James A. Garfield, President of the United States, died at Elberon, N.J., last night at ten minutes James A. Garfield, President of the United States, died at Elberon, N.J., last night at ten minutes

before 11 o'clock. For nearly eighty days he suffered great pain, and during the entire period before 11 o'clock. For nearly eighty days he suffered great pain, and during the entire period exhibited extraordinary patience, fortitude, and Christian resignation. The sorrow throughout the exhibited extraordinary patience, fortitude, and Christian resignation. The sorrow throughout the country is deep and universal. Fifty millions of people stand as mourners by his bier. Today, at his country is deep and universal. Fifty millions of people stand as mourners by his bier. Today, at his residence in the city of New York, Chester A. Arthur, Vice-President, took the oath of office as residence in the city of New York, Chester A. Arthur, Vice-President, took the oath of office as President, to which he succeeds by virtue of the Constitution. President Arthur has entered upon the President, to which he succeeds by virtue of the Constitution. President Arthur has entered upon the discharge of his duties. You will formally communicate these facts to the British Government and discharge of his duties. You will formally communicate these facts to the British Government and transmit this dispatch by telegraph to the American ministers on the Continent for like communication transmit this dispatch by telegraph to the American ministers on the Continent for like communication to the Governments to which they are respectively accredited.to the Governments to which they are respectively accredited.

Death of GarfieldDeath of Garfield

Guiteau never had any position of importance in Guiteau never had any position of importance in the Garfield campaign except in his own mind. the Garfield campaign except in his own mind. Guiteau's behavior had always been erratic, and it Guiteau's behavior had always been erratic, and it is possible that he contracted venereal diseases is possible that he contracted venereal diseases that further aggravated his mental problems. He that further aggravated his mental problems. He was inspired to write a speech, which he hoped was inspired to write a speech, which he hoped that Garfield would use in a debate with the that Garfield would use in a debate with the Democratic presidential candidate, W.S. Hancock. Democratic presidential candidate, W.S. Hancock.

Garfield ShootingGarfield Shooting

Garfield never even read the speech, much Garfield never even read the speech, much less used it in the debate, but Guiteau was less used it in the debate, but Guiteau was convinced that Garfield won the election convinced that Garfield won the election thanks to his speech. Guiteau demanded to thanks to his speech. Guiteau demanded to be appointed ambassador to France, and he be appointed ambassador to France, and he even personally accosted Secretary of State even personally accosted Secretary of State James G. Blaine several times.James G. Blaine several times.

Garfield shootingGarfield shooting

Blaine tried to put Guiteau off politely, but be eventually Blaine tried to put Guiteau off politely, but be eventually lost patience and, on their final encounter, pushed lost patience and, on their final encounter, pushed Guiteau away and told him never to bother him again.Guiteau away and told him never to bother him again.

Bitter with resentment, Guiteau decided to take revenge Bitter with resentment, Guiteau decided to take revenge against Garfield. Guiteau trailed Garfield throughout the against Garfield. Guiteau trailed Garfield throughout the month of June 1881, waiting for the right opportunity.month of June 1881, waiting for the right opportunity.

Garfield shootingGarfield shooting

On July 2, Guiteau got his chance. The Washington newspapers On July 2, Guiteau got his chance. The Washington newspapers had reported Garfield's plans to go on a trip with his family, and had reported Garfield's plans to go on a trip with his family, and Guiteau waited for the president at the train station, from where he Guiteau waited for the president at the train station, from where he was to leave. In the station's lobby, Guiteau came from behind was to leave. In the station's lobby, Guiteau came from behind Garfield and shot the president in the back. Station police rushed Garfield and shot the president in the back. Station police rushed to arrest Guiteau, who offered no resistance. to arrest Guiteau, who offered no resistance.

Cite: <a href="http://law.jrank.org/pages/2665/Charles-Guiteau-Cite: <a href="http://law.jrank.org/pages/2665/Charles-Guiteau-Trial-1881-Imaginary-Insult-Prompts-Revenge.html">Charles Trial-1881-Imaginary-Insult-Prompts-Revenge.html">Charles Guiteau Trial: 1881 - Imaginary Insult Prompts Revenge</a>Guiteau Trial: 1881 - Imaginary Insult Prompts Revenge</a>

Trial of GuiteauTrial of Guiteau

Defendant:Defendant: Charles J. Guiteau Charles J. GuiteauCrime Charged:Crime Charged: Assassinating President James A. Garfield Assassinating President James A. GarfieldChief Defense Lawyers:Chief Defense Lawyers: Leigh Robinson and George Scoville Leigh Robinson and George ScovilleChief Prosecutors:Chief Prosecutors: George Corkhill, Walter Davidge, John K. Porter,  George Corkhill, Walter Davidge, John K. Porter, Elihu Root, and E.B. SmithElihu Root, and E.B. SmithJudge:Judge: Walter Cox Walter CoxPlace:Place: Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.Dates of Trial:Dates of Trial: November 14, 1881-January 13, 1882 November 14, 1881-January 13, 1882Verdict:Verdict: Guilty GuiltySentence:Sentence: Death by hanging Death by hanging

Read more: Read more: http://law.jrank.org/pages/2668/Charles-Guiteau-Trial-1881.html#ixzz0TqBQIBMv

Civil ServiceCivil Service

G. Passage of Pendleton Act in 1883G. Passage of Pendleton Act in 1883 1. structural change1. structural change 2. Three different principles2. Three different principles 3. Coverage of act was small3. Coverage of act was small H. FDR PresidencyH. FDR Presidency 1. Blanketing provisions1. Blanketing provisions a. Blanketing ina. Blanketing in b. Blanketing outb. Blanketing out

U.S. Civil Service SystemU.S. Civil Service System

I. Carter Administration ChangesI. Carter Administration Changes 1. negative protections1. negative protections 2. positive incentives2. positive incentives 3. Elimination of CSC3. Elimination of CSC 4. Creation of two new agencies4. Creation of two new agencies a. Merit Systems Protection Boarda. Merit Systems Protection Board b. Office of Personnel Management (OPM)b. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) J. Reagan PresidencyJ. Reagan Presidency -return to patronage-return to patronage

U.S. Civil Service SystemU.S. Civil Service System

K. Clinton Administration: NPR (Gore K. Clinton Administration: NPR (Gore report)report)

-focused on ‘reinventing government’-focused on ‘reinventing government’ 1. Deregulated personnel policy by 1. Deregulated personnel policy by

eliminating hiring manualeliminating hiring manual 2. Gave all agencies authority to hire own 2. Gave all agencies authority to hire own

employeesemployees 3. Simplified classification system and 3. Simplified classification system and

gave more discretion to agenciesgave more discretion to agencies

U.S. Civil Service SystemU.S. Civil Service System

4. Allowed agencies to design own 4. Allowed agencies to design own performance appraisalsperformance appraisals

5. Cut time to terminate ineffective 5. Cut time to terminate ineffective managers in half managers in half

The ultimate goal of NPR is to force The ultimate goal of NPR is to force administrators to remember the customer as administrators to remember the customer as first priorityfirst priority

U.S. Civil Service SystemU.S. Civil Service System

L. George W. Bush AdministrationL. George W. Bush Administration -Issued memo on Inauguration day stating -Issued memo on Inauguration day stating

that no hiring was to be made until approved that no hiring was to be made until approved by presidential appointeeby presidential appointee

-Tried to gain control of fed. Bureaucracy-Tried to gain control of fed. Bureaucracy -Appointed Clay Johnson, college -Appointed Clay Johnson, college

roommate, as presidential personnel roommate, as presidential personnel director to evaluate ‘party faithful’. Can fill director to evaluate ‘party faithful’. Can fill up to 6000 jobs in Plum book.up to 6000 jobs in Plum book.