The Urinary The Urinary SystemSystem

As your body performs the As your body performs the chemical activities that keeps chemical activities that keeps you alive, wastes material you alive, wastes material such as carbon dioxide and such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen are produced. Your nitrogen are produced. Your body has to get rid of these body has to get rid of these toxin in order to stay healthy.toxin in order to stay healthy.

How does your body How does your body get rid of these get rid of these wastes?wastes?

Which body systems Which body systems are involved in are involved in excreting these excreting these wastes?wastes?

Excretion- is the Excretion- is the process of removing process of removing wastes and excess wastes and excess products from the body.products from the body.

Three of your body systems Three of your body systems are involved in excretion: are involved in excretion: your skin, your lungs and your skin, your lungs and urinary system.urinary system.

Urinary system- A Urinary system- A group of organs that group of organs that remove waste from the remove waste from the bloodblood

This system includes This system includes the kidneys, ureters, the kidneys, ureters, urethra and the urethra and the urinary bladder.urinary bladder.

Uniary bladder - a hollow organ Uniary bladder - a hollow organ that stores urine until it is excreted. that stores urine until it is excreted.

ureter - two tubes, each of which ureter - two tubes, each of which carries urine from a kidney to the carries urine from a kidney to the bladder. bladder.

urethra - the tube that carries urine urethra - the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. from the bladder out of the body.

KidneyKidney

two bean-shaped organs that take two bean-shaped organs that take waste from the blood and produce waste from the blood and produce urine.urine.

Filters about 2,000L of blood a Filters about 2,000L of blood a day.day.

contain microscopic filters that clean the blood. contain microscopic filters that clean the blood. (CLEAN BLOOD)(CLEAN BLOOD)

A concentrated mixture of waste materials are A concentrated mixture of waste materials are collected in the kidneys for excretion.collected in the kidneys for excretion.

After blood is cleaned by the kidneys After blood is cleaned by the kidneys it is sent through a vein back to the it is sent through a vein back to the rest of the body. rest of the body.

After blood extis the kidneys itAfter blood extis the kidneys it Has less waterHas less water Cleansed of wastes Cleansed of wastes

Urine- a Urine- a concentrated concentrated mixture of waste mixture of waste materials that materials that forms in the forms in the nephrons of the nephrons of the kidneys. kidneys.

UrinatingUrinating

Expelling wastes from the urinary Expelling wastes from the urinary bladderbladder

Urea Urea

This is a harmful substance that is This is a harmful substance that is formed when cells use protein for formed when cells use protein for energy.energy.

Nephrons-Nephrons-a microscopic filter in the a microscopic filter in the kidney that removes a kidney that removes a variety of harmful variety of harmful substances from the blood.substances from the blood.

Blood vessel pass through Blood vessel pass through each one of these in the each one of these in the kidneyskidneys

Hormones Hormones Your body fluids are regulated by Your body fluids are regulated by

hormones.hormones.Antidiuretic (ADH)-Antidiuretic (ADH)- Signals to your body that Signals to your body that there is a water shortage. there is a water shortage. The kidneys are instructed The kidneys are instructed to take back water from to take back water from the nephrons and return it the nephrons and return it to the bloodstream to the bloodstream creating less urine.creating less urine.

Continued …..Continued …..When you are hydrated, When you are hydrated, smaller amounts of ADH smaller amounts of ADH are released. The kidneys are released. The kidneys react by allowing more react by allowing more water to stay in the water to stay in the nephrons and leave the nephrons and leave the body as urine.body as urine.

Disorders of the urinary Disorders of the urinary systemsystem

Bacterial infection-Bacterial infection- when bacteria when bacteria gets into the bladder it causes an gets into the bladder it causes an bladder infection. bladder infection. This causes a This causes a condition that is very painful and condition that is very painful and causes you to urinate a lot and it is causes you to urinate a lot and it is painful to excrete urine. You can painful to excrete urine. You can also have a urinary tract infection. also have a urinary tract infection. If left untreated this infection could If left untreated this infection could cause damage to the kidneys.cause damage to the kidneys.

Kidney stonesKidney stones Kidney stones- which are small, Kidney stones- which are small,

crystallized substances, such as crystallized substances, such as calcium, that form in the kidney or calcium, that form in the kidney or other parts of other parts of the urinary tract.the urinary tract.

Smaller kidney stones can pass out Smaller kidney stones can pass out of the body on their own, although of the body on their own, although this can be painful. this can be painful.

Larger stones may require surgery, Larger stones may require surgery, or they may be broken into smaller or they may be broken into smaller pieces with sound waves in a pieces with sound waves in a procedure called ultrasonic procedure called ultrasonic lithotripsy.lithotripsy.

Diabetes-a disease caused by a Diabetes-a disease caused by a malfunctioning pancreas that produces malfunctioning pancreas that produces little or no insulin) can result in impaired little or no insulin) can result in impaired blood flow through the kidneys. blood flow through the kidneys.

Bacteria that cause tuberculosis can travel Bacteria that cause tuberculosis can travel from the lungs and infect the kidneys. from the lungs and infect the kidneys.

Drug use, including long-term use of some Drug use, including long-term use of some prescription medications as well as illegal prescription medications as well as illegal drugs, can also cause kidney damage. drugs, can also cause kidney damage.

Certain birth defects may cause the Certain birth defects may cause the kidneys to have abnormal shapes or to kidneys to have abnormal shapes or to function improperly. function improperly.

Treatment of severe kidney Treatment of severe kidney disease may include disease may include kidney dialysis, a procedure in , a procedure in which blood is circulated through which blood is circulated through a machine that removes wastes a machine that removes wastes and excess fluid from the and excess fluid from the bloodstream.bloodstream. Some may have to Some may have to go their entire life to get dialysis go their entire life to get dialysis treatment or wait for a kidney treatment or wait for a kidney transplant.transplant.

More than 38,000 people More than 38,000 people in the United States in the United States alone wait for a kidney alone wait for a kidney transplant each year, transplant each year, and fewer than 12,000 of and fewer than 12,000 of them receive this life-them receive this life-sustaining organ. sustaining organ.

In a kidney transplant, the donated kidney may come from a close living In a kidney transplant, the donated kidney may come from a close living relative of the patient or from a person who has recently died. The donor relative of the patient or from a person who has recently died. The donor kidney is removed by clamping and cutting the renal vein and artery (1). The kidney is removed by clamping and cutting the renal vein and artery (1). The diseased kidneys in the patient may be left in place, or one or both may be diseased kidneys in the patient may be left in place, or one or both may be removed if they cause persistent infection or high blood pressure (2). The removed if they cause persistent infection or high blood pressure (2). The donor kidney is placed in the pelvis region of the recipient and the organ's donor kidney is placed in the pelvis region of the recipient and the organ's renal vein and artery are attached (3). Both the donor and the recipient can renal vein and artery are attached (3). Both the donor and the recipient can survive in good health with only one functioning kidney to filter and regulate survive in good health with only one functioning kidney to filter and regulate the composition of blood. the composition of blood.

Let’s label your chartLet’s label your chart

And learn how the And learn how the kidneys filter blood.kidneys filter blood.