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Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering
The Unmanned Vehicle Carrier: UVC-X
Presented To: MIT Ship Design and Technology Symposium
Evangelos Koutsolelos
Andrew Privette Petros Voxakis
Kip Wilkins
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Sponsors
Dr. Larrie D. Ferreiro Director of Research Executive Editor, Defense Acquisition Research Journal Defense Acquisition University
Steven Wynn CIV NAVSEA HQ, SEA 05
4/27/12 2
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UVC Overview
4/27/12 3
Nuclear Power Plant
Well Deck
2nd Flight Deck
EMALS/Ski Jump Combo
Vehicle Storage Decks
Efficient Flight Deck Layout
Ship Characteristics LBP 750 ft Beam 124 ft Draft 29.1 ft Full Load Displacement 48,489 LT Maximum Speed 25.3 kts Lead Ship Cost $6.5 billion Follow Ship Cost $4.6 billion Life Cycle Cost (10 ships) $132 billion
Communication Tower
Pit Stop
Navigation Tower
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering
Why should we care about UVs?
• Technologically Feasible • Increased reliance on UVs
� PAGE �2�
!
1. BACKGROUND:%Over!the!past!decade!Unmanned!Arial!Vehicles!(UAV)!have!emerged!as!an!extremely!effective!weapons!platform!and!are!proving!to!be!the!method!of!choice!for!pursuit!of!hostile! forces,! local!and! longFrange!surveillance,!and! inland!strike!missions.! !UAVs!have! the! benefit! of! reusability! and! reactivity! when! compared! to! tomahawks.!!Additionally,!when!compared!to!manned!aircraft,! they!are!safer! for! friendly! forces!and! relatively! inexpensive.! The! figures! below! illustrate! the! growth! in! UAV! flight!hours!over!the!last!several!years!and!a!projected!$62!billion!increase!in!budget!over!the!next!6!years.!!
!!!!! http://www.armedforces-int.com http://www.marketresearchmedia.com%%%%%%%%% With!the!growth!of!UAV!capability!and!the!uncertainty!of!having!reliable!access!to!airstrips!and!supporting! infrastructure! it!will!be!beneficial! to!have!a!mobile!naval!platform!similar!to!current!US!naval!aircraft!carriers!to!support!this!capability.!!With!this!change!in!military!strategy!and!investment!in!UAVs!it! is! in!the!best!interest!of!the!United!States!Navy!to!have!a!carrier!to!support!this!capability.!
2.%%SCOPE,%APPROACH,%AND%METHODOLOGY:%The! goal! of! this! design! project! is! to! produce! a! capable,! efficient,! and! affordable!Unmanned!Vehicle! (UV)!Carrier,! in! the! range!of!30F40! thousand!LT!displacement.!It’s!mission!will!be!to!launch,!recover,!and!maintain!UVs!in!support!of!land,!sea,!and!air!combat!and!surveillance!operations!with!the!capability!to!organically!control!or!hand!off!control!to!3rd!party!operators.!The!primary!concept!will!be!to!consolidate!UAV!maintenance! and! support! at! an! offshore! location.! This!will!minimize! cost! by!eliminating! or! reducing! the! requirement! for! shore! based! launching,! fueling,! and!maintenance!facilities.!!It!will!allow!for!rapid!deployment!or!redeployment!to!areas!of!interest!and!it!will!move!UAV!support!operations!to!a!safer,!more!secure!location!and!will!simplify! the!supply!chain! for!parts!and! fuel.! !It!will!also!provide!the!Navy!with! a! platform! designed! to! take! advantage! of! the! rapidly! developing! field! of!unmanned!vehicles!and!will!position!the!fleet!to!be!prepared!for!future!missions.!!A!secondary! concept! will! be! to! consider! the! need! for! unmanned! surface! and!subsurface!vehicles!as!the!UV!Carrier!requirements!are!solidified.!!An!evaluation!of!the! projected! missions! and! needs! for! Unmanned! Surface! Vehicles! (USV)! and!Unmanned! Underwater! Vehicles! (UUV)! will! be! an! early! part! of! the! design!requirements!determination.!
4/27/12 4
U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Market Forecast 2013-2018 ~ Market Research Media
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Why a UV Carrier?
• To Carry out UV Missions • Capability Gap
• Potential UV Missions Ø Intelligence, Surveillance,
and Reconnaissance (ISR) Ø Air Defense (AD) Ø Electronic Warfare (EW) Ø Strike Ø Mine Countermeasures
(MCM) Ø Anti-Submarine Warfare
(ASW)
Ø Surface Warfare (SUW) Ø Maritime Security (MS) Ø Maritime Interdiction
Operations (MIO) Ø Special Operations Forces
Support (SOF) Ø Amphibious Warfare
Support
Huge UAV GAP
4/27/12 5
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UVs in Operation
USSV-HTF Unmanned Sea Surface Vehicle – High Tow Force
Black Fish
USSV-HS Unmanned Sea Surface Vehicle – High Speed
4/27/12 6
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UVs in Operation
RAZOR
REMUS Remote Environmental Monitoring UnitS
SAUV Sonar Autonomous Undersea Vehicle
21 UUV 21 inch diameter Unmanned Undersea Vehicle
iRobot 1KA SEAGLIDER
4/27/12 7
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UVs in Operation
HALE-D
X-47B
UCLASS - $2.5B Unmanned Carrier Launched Arial Surveillance and Strike
MQ-8B Fire Scout
4/27/12 8
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Design Priorities
MISSION Provide credible, sustainable, independent forward presence which will:
• Attack – land, air, surface, and undersea targets
• Protect – friendly forces ashore and afloat
• Support – sustained, global operations
4/27/12 9
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY To build a carrier that enables and supports Unmanned Air, Sea, and Undersea Vehicles.
• Enabling: Enable current and future (long term) unmanned system technology
• Capability: Sustained UV Operations, maximizing operational capability (sortie rate, etc.), type and number of vehicles.
• Presence: Long duration, strategic mobility, survivability
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Design Process
COST ($)
OM
OE
4/27/12 10
Requirements Threshold Goal Actual Displacement (LT) 50,000 40,000 48,489
Speed (kts) 20 30+ 25.3
Range (NM) 6,500
(conventional) Unlimited (Nuclear)
Unlimited (Nuclear)
Endurance (days) 90 135 135
# UAVs 25 40 61 # USVs 5 10 10 # UUVs 5 10 10
Primary Variable Characteristics • LOA • Number of Flight Decks • Launch and Recovery Systems • Propulsion Plant • Island
OM
OE
\ C
ost
Variant
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering
Hull Geometry and Structure
4/27/12
LOA: 750 ft Beam: 124 ft Depth: 90 ft
11
Deformed shape of midship section under hogging wave conditions
Well Deck
Hangar / 2nd Flight Deck
UUV / USV Storage Hangar
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Plant
• Nuclear Reactor • 50 MW Steam Turbine (Power Generation Modules) • Integrated Power System (IPS) • Medium Voltage DC ZEDS • 36.5 MW AIM (Propulsion Motor Modules) • 5 MW Diesel Generator (Emergency Power)
4/27/12 12
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Flight Deck Layout
4/27/12 13
• 4 Runways • Simultaneous Launch and
Recovery Operations
Runway B: 478 ft. Runway C: 200 ft.
Runway D: 200 ft.
Runway A: 826 ft. 0"10000"20000"30000"40000"50000"60000"70000"80000"
0" 0.5" 1" 1.5" 2" 2.5" 3" 3.5" 4" 4.5"
Weight'o
f'Airc
ra.'(lb
s)'
Force'From'EMALS'(G's)'
200'.'EMALS/Ski@Jump'Runway'
X- 47C (45,000 lb) Max Take Off Weight
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Flight Operations
4/27/12 14
In (min:sec) CVN UVC Max Launch Time: 19:00 24:05 Max Recovery Time: 52:00 38:05
Simultaneous Launch and Recovery 4 Different Modes of Flight Operations Example Sortie Size: 27 aircraft
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Spots and Stops
4/27/12 15
Pit Stop Structure
Spot Size = UAV X-47C (30 ft by 38 ft) or 0.87 of F/A-18E/F
Main FD Max Spots: 36 Actual Spots: 29 Secondary FD Max Spots: 40 Actual Spots: 32
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Internal View
Hangar Area: 75,000 ft2
Hangar Volume: 1,500,000 ft3 88 C-17 Loads Well Deck Area: 24,000 ft2
Well Deck Volume: 600,000 ft3 35 C-17 Loads
4/27/12 16
Well Deck
Hangar
Engineering Spaces
2nd Flight Deck
UUV/USV Storage
UUV/USV Storage Area: 49,000 ft2
UUV/USV Storage Volume: 980,000 ft3
57 C-17 Loads C-17 Storage Volume: 17,000 ft3
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UV Storage and Handling
4/27/12 17
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering UUV / USV Operations
4/27/12 18
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Cost
4/27/12 19
Total Cost Comparison
FORD Class ($B) UVC ($B)
Lead Ship 12.3 6.4
Follow Ship 9.0 4.5
*Monetary value in FY08 dollars *CVN-78 data from Congressional Research Service report on Ford Class Aircraft Carrier Program
UVC Cost Breakdown Lead Ship ($M) Follow Ship ($M) Plan Costs 900 183
Basic Construction 4,492 3,669
Change Orders 240 80
Electronics 532 406
Hull, Mechanical, Electrical 75 57
Other Costs 102 77
Ordnance 55 55
Total 6,398 4,529
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Performance Analyses
• Structural – ASSET – POSSE – Abaqus
• Power and Resistance – ASSET – STAR-CCM+
• Intact and Damaged Stability – ASSET – POSSE
• Seakeeping – ASSET – MaxSurf – LAMP
• Launch and Recovery Envelopes – MaxSurf – LAMP
4/27/12 20
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Conclusions
4/27/12 21
• Technically feasible solution to fill the Navy’s capability gap in the area of unmanned vehicles.
• Enables the development and use of future technology.
• Provides a stepping stone design to address future demand for unmanned systems in a maritime environment.
Recommendations for Future Work: • Design and traffic control of the automated flight deck • Feasibility of the second flight deck with regard to flight operations,
seakeeping, and structural integrity • Future vehicle launch and recovery requirements
Center for Ocean Engineering Naval Construction & Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Questions?
4/27/12 22
Nuclear Power Plant
Well Deck
2nd Flight Deck
EMALS/Ski Jump Combo
Vehicle Storage Decks
Efficient Flight Deck Layout
Ship Characteristics LBP 750 ft Beam 124 ft Draft 29.1 ft Full Load Displacement 48,489 LT Maximum Speed 25.3 kts Lead Ship Cost $6.5 billion Follow Ship Cost $4.6 billion Life Cycle Cost (10 ships) $132 billion
Communication Tower
Pit Stop
Navigation Tower