THE UNITED STATES & WORLD WAR II Mr. Pagliaro, Seymour High
School, @PagsAPUSH
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Ideologies to understand Militarism-N-dominance of the armed
forces in the administration or policy of the state
Fascism-N-radical, authoritarian nationalist political ideology
Communism-N-movement aiming at classless and stateless society with
state ownership of production and the end of wage labor and private
property Totalitarianism-N-a political system where the state,
usually under the power of a single political person, faction, or
class, recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to
regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever
feasible
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Growing Threat of War 1931- Japan conquered Manchuria 1932
Stimson Doctrine proclaimed by US No recognition of territory taken
by force Corresponded to Kellogg-Briand Pact
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Hitlers Rise to Power 1933-Became Chancellor of Germany
1934-Named Fhrer und Reichskanzle Gleichschaltung ("bringing into
line"): economic Depression the Versailles treaty Communism the
"Judeo-Bolsheviks other "undesirable" minorities 1935-Military
build up, Luftwaffe, navy
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Germany Invaded the Rhineland March 7, 1936
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Creation of Axis 1939-Pact of Steel/Rome-Berlin Axis 1940-
Tripartite Pact
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Neutrality Acts Passed in 1935, 36, 37, and 39 Commitment to
isolationism Support from Washingtons Farewell 1935-Arms embargo to
belligerents 1936-No loans; didnt cover civil wars 1937-Arms
embargo to Spain (civil war); cash & carry policy 1939-Aid to
help democracy w/ cash & carry Failed attempts to pass Ludlow
Amendment
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FDRs I hate war Speech (1936)
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German Aggression 1934-German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact
1936-39 Aid in Spanish Civil War 1938- March:/ Austria annexed to
German Third Reich Sept.: Munich Pact signed by UK, France,
Germany, Italy Gave Czech Sudetenland to Germany
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Now we have peace in our time! Herr Hitler is a man we can do
business with. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938
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More German Agression 1939- Aug: MolotovRibbentrop
Pact-USSR/Germany-non-aggression Sept/Oct: Nazis invaded
Poland
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If Hitler had to fight the British and FrenchIf Hitler had to
fight the British and French Hitler and Stalin sign a
non-aggression pact and divide Poland.Hitler and Stalin sign a
non-aggression pact and divide Poland. If Hitler had to fight the
British and FrenchIf Hitler had to fight the British and French
Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide
Poland.Hitler and Stalin sign a non-aggression pact and divide
Poland.
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Nazis Invaded France-June 1940 Blitzkrieg offensive Elimination
of France opened Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Failed in
Battle of Britain July-Oct. 1940
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BLITZKREIG Attack with the Luftwaffe (Airforce) Fighters (air
superiority) Stuka (Dive bombers) Bombers Destroy Communications
(radio) Destroy Transportation (bridges, RR) Destroy Military
Targets (bases, supply) Step One
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BLITZKREIG PANZERSNext come the PANZERS (tanks) Hitlers
military designers had developed extremely advanced tanks. Their
tanks were light years ahead. Advance very quickly, and destroy any
remaining targets that the Luftwaffe had left behind. (Comm, Trans,
Military) Step Two
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BLITZKREIG Finally come the infantry They had been training for
several years and these troops were VERY ready. Hitlers troops were
already battle experienced b/c of the Spanish Civil War. Their job
was to MOP UP anything left. Step Three
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BLITZKREIG The Blitzkrieg was a style of battle, that had never
been seen before. It was extremely successful, it was so
overwhelming that no one had a defense to it. When other nations
saw this attack they were not sure if Hitler was THAT good, or was
Poland THAT bad Conclusion
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Cartoonist shows how Hitler walked through Europe unopposed.
blitzkriegHitlers blitzkrieg military tactics made his armies near
impossible to stop.
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1940: Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands and
France
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American Aid 1940- Bases for Destroyers w/ Britain Convoy
system reinstated 1941- Lend-Lease Act Sale of military surplus to
Allies Aid to Britain & USSR Hitler attacked USSR Atlantic
Charter Signed
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December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a mistake for the U.S.
to enter the first World War? Yes: 39% No 42% No opinion 19%
December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a mistake for the U.S. to
enter the first World War? Yes: 39% No 42% No opinion 19%
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Great Britain......................$31 billion Soviet
Union......................$11 billion
France...............................$ 3 billion
China.................................$1.5 billion Other
European.................$500 million South
America...................$400 million The amount totaled:
$48,601,365,000 U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941, US becomes the arsenal
of democracy U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941, US becomes the arsenal of
democracy
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lend lease The US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay
out of war. It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in
1940, the Soviet Union after Hitlers invasion in 1941 and China.
The US became the arsenal of democracy.
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Back in the states American policies, elections, and their
influence at the time
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Good Neighbor Policy 1933 FDR renounced right to intervene in
Latin America 1940 Havana Conference US & 20 Latin American
allies upheld Monroe Doctrine Hold off German intervention in
orphaned colonies See cartoon p. 836
FDR seeks 3 rd term NomineeFranklin D. Roosevelt Wendell
Willkie PartyDemocraticRepublican Home stateNew YorkIndiana Running
mateHenry A. WallaceCharles L. McNary Electoral vote44982 States
carried3810 Popular vote27,313,94522,347,744 Percentage54.7%44.7%
Promised to remain out of war
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Jan. 1941- FDR Four freedoms Speech; outlined: 1. Freedom of
speech and expression 2. Freedom of worship 3. Freedom from want 4.
Freedom from fear
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Pearl Harbor & Germany First American entry into World War
II
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atlantic1 Nazis invaded USSR, June 1941 FDR and Winston
Churchill meet on the USS Augusta in the North Atlantic to sign the
Atlantic Charter, August 12, 1941. common principles The hopes for
a better future for the world.
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atlantic1 FIRST, we seek not conquest of land or territory..
SECOND, no territorial changes of land between nations. THIRD,
Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government FOURTH, Access
to raw materials for all FIFTH, World economic cooperation SIXTH,
Freedom from fear and want SEVENTH, freedom of the seas EIGHTH,
Disarmament of aggressors NINTH, a United Nations for world
peace.
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map/japan
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Japan & Pearl Harbor Japan imported American steel, oil,
gas 1940-Japan invaded Vietnam; FDR Embargo 1941-Japanese assets
frozen; no sale of gas Japan saw two options 1. Withdraw from
Manchuria 2. Attack US @ Pearl Harbor
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Attempts at Resolution Japanese Plan A: partial withdrawal from
China 11/6/41 Japanese Plan B: withdrawal from Vietnam IF America
provided oil, stopped aid to China, and helped gain supplies from
Dutch colonies 11/14/41 American Hull Note: Secretary of State
Cordell Hull Immediate full withdrawal from Vietnam & China End
of embargo afterwards 11/26/41 Japanese fleet set sail to attack
Pearl Harbor on Nov. 25, 1941
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Pearl Harbor
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Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
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Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Plane
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Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941 Japanese Goal Immobilize Pacific
Fleet 4 battleships sunk, 4 damaged, 188 U.S. aircraft were
destroyed, 2,402 men were killed and 1,282 wounded United States
unified for war
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Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that
morning, consisting of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and
various support ships. USS Arizona (BB39) Battleship USS West
Virginia (BB48) Battleship USS California (BB44) Battleship USS
Oklahoma (BB37) Battleship USS Nevada (BB36) Battleship USS
Pennsylvania (BB38) Battleship USS Tennessee (BB43) Battleship USS
Maryland (BB46) Battleship USS Vestal (AR4) Repair ship USS Neosho
(AO23) Oiler USS Detroit (CL8) Light cruiser USS Raleigh (CL7)
Light cruiser USS Utah (AG16) Target Ship USS Tangier (AV8)
Seaplane Tender
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map/japan
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Infamy7
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After FDRs Day of Infamy speech asking for a declaration of war
against Japan, Congress approved the declaration. FDR signed the
declaration of war against Japan on Dec. 8, 1941 After FDRs Day of
Infamy speech asking for a declaration of war against Japan,
Congress approved the declaration. FDR signed the declaration of
war against Japan on Dec. 8, 1941
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Germany First America vowed to avenge Pearl Harbor Germany
First strategy: 1. Defeat Germany Dont give up Britain/USSR guarded
USA If Nazis controlled Europe = unconquerable 2. Full scale
assault on Japan
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Latin America, Philippines, and United States Alliances
Diplomacy and the Big Three
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Latin America Based on Good Neighbor Policy Aid to protect
Caribbean
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Philippines Anti-imperialist sentiments in US & islands US
pledged independence movement in 1935 Gen. D. MacArthur sent to
organize military Battle of the Philipines (1941-42) Battle of
Bataan (1942) Bataan Death March
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U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor, the Philippines March, 1942
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76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the
blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines. Bataan Death March:
April, 1942
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American Propaganda US retook Philippines in 1944
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Paying for the War
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Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin The Big
Three
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Conferences Cairo 1943 China, GB, USA (no Stalin) Established
Allied position on Japans Empire Tehran 1943 Agreed to Operation
Overlord (D-Day) & plans for UN Yalta 1945 Established
conditions of Nazi surrender Demilitarized Germany, divided it
among GB, US, USSR, FRA Discussed Independent Poland; USSR entry
vs. Japan Potsdam 1945 Truman (not FDR) Goals: establishment of
post-war order, peace treaties issues, and countering the effects
of war
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US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River: April 25,
1945
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Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
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Crematoria at Majdanek Entrance to Auschwitz: Work Makes You
Free
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Slave Labor at Buchenwald
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American Military Spending & Price Control Wartime
Mobilization
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Impact of War Military spending revived economy Unemployment
plummeted Cost of war industry ended Depression War Productions
Board
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Price Control OPA (Office of Price Administration) Rationed
consumer goods Government price controls avoided inflation
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War Production Board
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OPA Posters/Ration Books
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Office of War Information Writers War Board Propaganda
Machine
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posters
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Infamy9
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posters
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Aiding Americas War Efforts African Americans & Women
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African Americans during WWII Continued migration to North
& West 1.6 Million moved from South Executive order against
discrimination in defense industry Fair Employment Practices
Commission Double V Campaign Victory over fascism abroad, and
victory over discrimination at home We call upon the president and
congress to declare war on Japan and racial prejudice in our
country. Certainly we should be strong enough to whip them both.
-The Pittsburgh Courier
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league cartoon1 6 million to work in industry Baceros, Mexican
workers brought to work in US 1.6 million Black families leave the
South Speeded up the assimilation of ethnic groups into American
society.
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African Americans @ War 2.9 Million registered for draft 1
million served 50-125k in combat Segregated Units ie. Tuskegee
Airmen
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Womens Role during WWII Rosie the Riveter Married women into
workplace
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ROSIE R OSIE THE R IVETER W OMEN MANNED THE FACTORIES WHILE THE
MEN WENT OFF TO FIGHT.W OMEN MANNED THE FACTORIES WHILE THE MEN
WENT OFF TO FIGHT. T HIS HELPED LAY THE FOUNDATION FOR WOMEN S
RIGHTS IN THE WORK WORLD AND HELPED US WIN THE WAR ..T HIS HELPED
LAY THE FOUNDATION FOR WOMEN S RIGHTS IN THE WORK WORLD AND HELPED
US WIN THE WAR ..
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Japanese Internment and Korematsu v. United States Civil
Liberties and Civil Rights during World War II
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Executive 9066
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It took more than 40 years later before the U.S. admitted fault
and began to make $20,000 reparations to camp survivors 1944
Supreme Court case, Korematsu vs. U.S., affirmed the
constitutionality of this terrible act.
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US 442 nd Combat Regiment
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Manhattan Project and Trumans Decision The US and the Atomic
Bomb
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Manhattan Project FDR authorized atomic bomb Einstein letter,
1939 Fat Man Little Boy
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Dropping the Atomic Bomb President Truman authorized bombing
Hiroshima & Nagasaki 1945 3 months after V-E Day Little Boy,
Hiroshima, viewed from Enola Gay Fat Man, Nagasaki
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Trumans Decision 1. Use conventional weapons extra thousands
American deaths 2. Show force: Elicit Japanese surrender 3. Prevent
Soviet intervention 4. Gain Soviet cooperation in postwar
plans