The United States-Honduras Remittance Corridor: Acting on Opportunity to Increase Financial Inclusion and Foster Development of a Transitional Economy

8/14/2019 The United States-Honduras Remittance Corridor: Acting on Opportunity to Increase Financial Inclusion and Foster

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UJC VN]IE MKLH

V N ] I E M K L H V N ] H @ L F _ K _ C ] L N . ; 6 6

@skhu ClenRkrkj J`rsbj Gkl ]nffc Hka`i Mnrnw`h

Ujc S.R.-Jnleurks ]ca`ttklbcBnrr`enr

Kbt`lf nl Nppnrtul`t`cs tn @lbrcksc D`lklb`ki @lbius`nl kle Dnstcr Ecvcinpaclt nd kUrklslkt`nlki Cbnlnay


2/98

V N ] I E M K L H V N ] H @ L F _ K _ C ] L N . ; 6 6

Ujc S.R.-Jnleurks]ca`ttklbc Bnrr`enr Kbt`lf nl Nppnrtul`t`cs tn @lbrcksc D`lklb`ki@lbius`nl kle Dnstcr Ecvcinpaclt nd kUrklslkt`nlki Cbnlnay@skhu ClenRkrkj J`rsbj Gkl ]nffcHka`i Mnrnw`h


3/98


4/98

``

Bnltclts

Dnrcwnre ................................................................................................................................... v`

Kbhlnwicefaclts ................................................................................................................. v``

Cxcbut`vc Ruaakry ............................................................................................................. v```

Kbrnlyas kle Kmmrcv`kt`nls ............................................................................................ xv`

;. Nvcrv`cw nd A`frkt`nl kle ]ca`ttklbc Urcles.......................................................... ;

Hcy A`frkt`nl Urcles .......................................................................................................; Nvcrv`cw nd ]ca`ttklbc Dinws.........................................................................................0

=. Ujc S.R.-Jnleurks Akrhct dnr ]ca`ttklbcs .............................................................. ;3

Rclecrs _rcdcrclbcs kle Hcy Akrhct _ikycrs .............................................................;3 @apkbt nd ]cfuikt`nls nl ]ca`ttklbc Akrhcts.............................................................=3 Hcy D`le`lfs kle _ni`by ]cbnaaclekt`nls................................................................2;

2. Rtrktcf`cs dnr D`lklb`ki @lbius`nl nd Rc lecrs kle ]cb`p`clts ............................... 25

]ca`ttklbcs kle D`lklb`ki @lbius`nl.............................................................................25 Rtrktcf`cs dnr D`lklb`ki @lbius`nl...................................................................................24 Hcy D`le`lfs kle _ni`by ]cbnaaclekt`nls................................................................5=

5. Ecvcinpaclt @apkbt nd ]ca`ttklbcs `l ]urki Jnleurks7 Urklslkt`nlki

Cbnlnay, Lctwnrhs, kle E`kspnrk Clfkfcaclt................................................... 55

]`s`lf Urklslkt`nlki Cbnlnay `l ]urki Jnleurks ...................................................55 A`frkt`nl Eylka`bs `l Ujrcc Rum-Urklslkt`nlki Mrèfcs mctwccl tjc Sl`tce

Rtktcs kle Jnleurks ................................................................................................5: Hcy D`le`lfs kle _ni`by ]cbnaaclekt`nls................................................................32

3. Hcy Bnlbius`nls kle _rnpnsce ]nics nd Rtkhc jniecrs ........................................... 34

Bnlbius`nls........................................................................................................................34 ]cbnaaclece Kbt`nls dnr Hcy Rtkhcjniecrs ..............................................................36

Kppcle`x ................................................................................................................................. 30

]cdc rclbcs kle Rcicbt M`mi`nfrkpjy ................................................................................ 65 Ukmics

Ukmic ;.;. ]nutcs tn B`rbuikr A`frkt`nl _ni`by ....................................................................: Ukmic ;.=. Hcy ]ca`ttklbc ]kt`n (=??6) .................................................................................0 Ukmic =.;. Akrhct Rjkrc nd Ikrfcst Mklhs `l tjc ]ca`ttklbc Akrhct .............................;6 Ukmic =.=. Kbbcss _n`lts nd ]ca`ttklbc Rcrv`bcs `l Jnleurks (=??6)..............................;0 Ukmic =.2. _rndìc nd Rcicbtce ]ca`ttklbc Rcrv`bc _rnvècrs `l tjc Jnleurkl

]ca`ttklbc Akrhct ..........................................................................................................=? Ukmic =.5. Bnst nd Rcle`lf SR$=?? ]ca`ttklbc drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs tn Jnleurks

kle Ntjcr IKB Bnultr`cs (pcrbclt) ..............................................................................=;

Ukmic =.3. ]ca`ttklbc Bnst tn Rcle SR$=?? drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs tn Jnleurks my]ca`ttklbc Rcrv`bc _rnvècrs ........................................................................................== Ukmic =.4. Rtktus nd MRK ]cfuikt`nls dnr ]ca`ttklbc Rcrv`bc _rnvècrs ........................=6 Ukmic 2.;. Mklbkr`zkt`nl nd ]ca`ttklbc ]cb`p`clts kle Lnl-]cb`p`clts ........................23


5/98

`v Bnltclts

Ukmic 2.=. @KEM Rurvcy nd ]ca`ttklbc ]cb`p`clts ..............................................................23 Ukmic 2.2. Ruaakry nd Jnleurkl D`lklb`ki Rtrktcf`cs tn Mklbkr`zc Rclecrs kle

Mclcd`b`kr`cs .....................................................................................................................5; Ukmic 5.;. A`frkt`nl _kttcrls kle Rtkhcjniecr dnr Rumlkt`nlki Nutrckbj

@l`t`kt`vcs ..........................................................................................................................3; Ukmic 5.=. S.R.-Jnleurks Urklslkt`nlki Mrèfcs7 Ruaakry nd Ujrcc Bkscs................3= Ukmic 5.3 Ruaakry nd ]cbnaaclekt`nls7 _rnpnsce Rtkhcjniecr Kbt`nls ...................3: Ukmic K.;. _r`bc Cvniut`nl nd tjc Bnyntc Mus`lcss Nvcr Uàc .....................................30 Ukmic K.=. Frnwtj ]ktc nd Bcltrki Kacr`bkl A`frklts tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs,

;00?=??? ........................................................................................................................30 Ukmic K.2. Bcltrki Kacr`bkl A`frklts kbbnre`lf tn Kacr`bkl Bnaaul`ty Rurvcy

`l =??4 ...............................................................................................................................30 Ukmic K.5. A`frklts pcr _cr`ne kle Kbbnre`lf tn Jnuscjnie [u`ltìcs .......................4? Ukmic K.3. _crbcltkfc Jnuscjnie [u`ltìcs ]cbc`v`lf ]ca`ttklbcs, =??5?4 ...............4?

Ukmic K.4. @lbnac nd [u`ltìcs nd ]ca`ttklbcs dnr ]cbc`v`lf kle Lnl-]cbc`v`lfJnuscjnies (`l icap`rks) ...............................................................................................4? Ukmic K.6. Ecst`lkt`nls kbbnre`lf tn@KEM/DCIKMKL7 Bnapkr`lf BK, =??6 ..............4? Ukmic K.:. Ecst`lkt`nl nd Bcltrki Kacr`bkls `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs Kbbnre`lf tn

=??? S.R. Bclsus ..............................................................................................................4; Ukmic K.0. Rnb`ncbnlna`b Rtkt`st`bs nd =??6 Kacr`bkl Bnaaul`ty Rurvcy .................4; Ukmic K.;?. @aa`frklt kle Lnl-@aa`frklt Rtktus nd Jnleurkls `l Sl`tce Rtktcs....42 Ukmic K.;;. Drcquclby nd Rcle`lf ]ca`ttklbcs ..................................................................42 Ukmic K.;=. A`frklts Rcle`lf ]ca`ttklbcs Jnac ............................................................42 Ukmic K.;2. Kvcrkfc Kanults nd ]ca ttklbcs Urklsdcrs .................................................42 Ukmic K.;5. ]ca`ttklbcs Rclt Jnac my A`frklts `l tjc Sl tce Rtktcs ...........................45

Ukmic K.;3. Bnapkr`snl nd ]R_ Akrhct Rjkrcs `l S.R.-Bcltrki Kacr`bk Bnrrènrs(=??5).................................................................................................................................45 Ukmic K.;4. E`str`mut`nl nd ]ca`ttklbcs `l Jnleurks7 Kii`klbcs nd Mklhs kle

Bnnpcrkt`vcs w`tj tjc`r Kfclts, =??6...........................................................................43 Ukmic K.;6. ]ca`ttklbc Dccs _kè dnr Rcle`lf SR$=?? drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs tn

Jnleurks (=??:)..............................................................................................................4: Ukmic K.;:. ]ca`ttklbc Dccs _kè `l tjc S.R.-Jnleurks Bnrrènr (=??:)......................40 Ukmic K.;0. @ltcrcst nd Jnuscjnies l D`lklb`ki _rneubts (pcrbclt)................................40 Ukmic K.=?. ]cvcrsc ]ca`ttklbcs ..........................................................................................40 Ukmic K.=;. Drcquclby nd @aa`frklt Urkvci tn Jnac Bnultry........................................6? Ukmic K.==. Ecpnrtkmic Jnleurkls kle Ntjcr Ki`cls drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs, =??;

?4, my Bnultry nd Lkt`nlki`ty (Ndd`bc nd @aa`frkt`nl Rtkt`st`bs, Pckrmnnhs) ........6? Ukmic K.=2. Ecpnrtce Jnleurkls drna S.R. ]cpnrtce my Bcltrn ec Ktclb`l kiA`frkltc (BKA]) kt tjc Unbnlt`ls K`rpnrt Ucfub`fkipk .........................................6?

Ukmic K.=5. Ecpnrtkmic Jnleurkls my Acx`bkl Kutjnr`t`cs...........................................6? Ukmic K.=3. Urklslkt`nlki Kbt`v`t`cs nd Jnleurkl A`frklts..........................................6; Ukmic K.=4. JUK kle Kevnbkby-LFN nd Fkrdulks `l Lcw Pnrh..................................6; Ukmic K.=6. E`ddcrclt A`frkt`nl _kttcrls l Ujrcc Rumlkt`nlki ]ca`ttklbcs Bnrrènrs....6=D`furcs

D`furc ;. ]ca`ttklbcs kle Bkp`tki Dinws tn Ecvcinp`lf Bnultr`cs .................................`x D`furc ;.;. Cvniut`nl nd S.R.-Jnleurks A`frkt`nl kle ]ca`ttklbc Dinws, ;03?

=??6 .....................................................................................................................................= D`furc ;.=. ]cf`nls nd Jnleurks .............................................................................................3 D`furc ;.2. Uypcs nd Nbbupkt`nls kle Jnleurkl Ikmnr Dnrbc `l tjc Sl tce Rtktcs .......6 D`furc ;.5. Unp ;? ]ca`ttklbc-]cbc`v`lf Bnultr`cs `l IKB, =??6 (SR$ mìi`nl) .............0


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Bnltclts v

D`furc ;.3. Ujc Ssc nd ]ca`ttklbcs (=??4) ...........................................................................;? D`furc ;.4. ]ca`ttklbc @ldinws tn Jnleurks kle Ujc`r Frnwtj, =????: ....................;; D`furc =.;. Akrhct Rjkrc nd ]ca`ttklbc-_ky`lf Rcrv`bc _rnvècrs `l Jnleurks

(=??=?6) ..........................................................................................................................;4 D`furc =.=. ]ca`ttklbc Bnst Urcle tn Rcle $=?? drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs tn

Jnleurks my ]ca`ttklbc Rcrv`bc _rnvècrBnapkr`snl mctwccl Aky =??:kle Gklukry =??0 ............................................................................................................==

D`furc =.2. ]ca`ttklbc Dccs dnr k ]klfc nd Urklsdcrs drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs tnJnleurks ..........................................................................................................................=2

D`furc =.5. KAI/MRK Drkacwnrh `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs ...................................................=4 D`furc =.3. ]cfuikt`nls `l tjc Akrhct dnr ]ca`ttklbcs......................................................2? D`furc 2.;. ]ca`ttklbcs kle D`lklb`ki Ecvcinpaclt l Jnleurks..................................25 D`furc 2.=. Cvniut`nl drna ]ca`ttklbcs tn D`lklb`ki @lbius`nl .......................................24 D`furc 5.;. Bniicbt`vc ]ca`ttklbc _rnfrka w`tj Aktbj`lf Frklts .................................53

MnxcsMnx ;.;. Ujc Kitcrlkt`vc ]ca`ttklbc kle A`frkt`nl Rystca .............................................5 Mnx ;.=. I`lhs mctwccl Jnleurks @ltcrlki kle Cxtcrlki (@ltcrlkt`nlki)

A`frkt`nl............................................................................................................................5 Mnx ;.2. Ucapnrkry _rntcbtce Rtktus.....................................................................................4 Mnx ;.5. Jnleurks Lkt`nlki _ni`by dnr Ca`frklts...........................................................;= Mnx ;.3. Fclcrki _r`lb`pics dnr @ltcrlkt`nlki ]ca`ttklbc Rcrv`bcs..................................;2 Mnx =.;. Ujc Bksc nd Nrfkl`zkb`l ec Ecskrrniin Caprcskr`ki Dcacl`ln....................;6 Mnx =.=. D`bnjsk Cxprcss7 Cxpkls`nl nd k Jnleurkl AUN `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs ...........=5 Mnx 2.;. Drna ]ca`ttklbcs tn D`lklb`ki @lbius`nl@l`t`kt`vcs my Mklbn Ktikltèk....2: Mnx 2.=. MKB MKAC]s I`dc Bybic Aneci dnr D`lklb`ki @lbius`nl .................................20 Mnx 2.2. Lcw @ecks nl Anmìc Mklh`lf kle ]ca`ttklbcs `l tjc _jì`pp`lcs .................20 Mnx 2.5. Mklbn D`bnjsks Kpprnkbj tn Mklbkr`zkt`nl nd A`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce

Rtktcs .................................................................................................................................5= Mnx 2.3. DE@B Anlcy RakrtK D`lklb`ki Ceubkt`nl _rnfrka......................................5= Mnx 5.;. Bniicbt`vc ]ca`ttklbcs kt Vnrh `l @lt`mub .........................................................54 Mnx 5.=. Cxpnrt nd Bkskmc-Mrcke tn Fkrdulk Bnaaul ty `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs ...........56 Mnx 5.2. Ujc Bksc nd NiklbjnDinrèk Urklslkt`nlki Mrèfc .......................................5: Mnx 5.5. Ujc Bksc nd @lt`mubFrcktcr Vksj`lftnl, EB Krck Urklslkt`nlki

Mrèfc................................................................................................................................50 Mnx 5.3. Ujc Bksc nd tjc Lnrtjcrl Bnkst (Fkrdulk)Lcw Pnrh Urklslkt`nlki

Mrèfc................................................................................................................................3?

Mnx 5.4. Br`tcr`k dnr tjc Cacrfclbc nd Jnactnwl Kssnb`kt`nls .....................................3; Mnx 5.6. Ujc Urklslkt`nlki Mrèfc7 Unwkre k Ecvcinpaclt Actjneninfy .................35


7/98

v

Dnrcwnre

s tjc burrclt d`lklb`ki acitenwl bnlt`lucs tn rkfc finmkiiy, rca`ttklbc dinws mya`frklt/fucst wnrhcrs drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs tn tjc`r jnac bnultr`cs jkvc lntfnlc ulkddcbtce8 kle rca`ttklbc dinws tn Jnleurks krc ln cxbcpt`nl.

Uj`s rcpnrt klkiyzcs tjc S.R.-Jnleurks rca`ttklbc bnrrènr kle muìes nl icssnlsickrlce drna `ltcrlkt`nlki cxpcr`clbcs nl rca`ttklbcs. @t wks prcpkrce w`tj cxtcls`vc`ltcrv`cws nd fnvcrlaclt kutjnr`t`cs, d`lklb`ki rcfuiktnrs, akrhct pkrt`b`pklts,Jnleurkl a`frklt bnaaul`t`cs, LFNs, kle inbki bnaaul`t`cs rcbc`v`lf rca`ttklbcs.

@t kisn j`fji`fjts br`t`bki pni`by rcbnaaclekt`nls dnr kutjnr`t`cs tn àprnvc tjc`ltcfr`ty nd tjc rca`ttklbc dinws8 cxpkle kbbcss tn d`lklb`ki scrv`bcs8 kle brcktc klclv`rnlaclt wjcrc Jnleurkl a`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs bkl `lvcst `l tjc`rbnaaul`ty kle i`lh e`kspnrk frnups kle jnac bnaaul`t`cs.

R`x krcks prnvèc tjc dnbus nd tj`s rcpnrt7 (`) rcfuiktnry rcdnras dnr tjc rca`ttklbcakrhct krc urfclt `l nrecr tn àprnvc bikr`ty `l rcfuikt`nls ks wcii ks tn `lbiuecanlcy trklsdcr bnapkl`cs `l tjc rcfuiktnry drkacwnrh8 (``) anlcy scrv`bc mus`lcsscswnuie mclcd`t drna kl cxka`lkt`nl nd stktc rcfuikt`nl kle tjc`r sumscqucltjkranl`zkt`nl kle bnnre`lkt`nl8 (```) rurki krcks lcce tn àprnvc e`str`mut`vc`ldrkstrubturc tn mcttcr rckp tjc mclcd`ts nd tjc rca`ttklbc dinws8 (`v) d`lklb`kiceubkt`nl kle kwkrclcss dnr Jnleurkl a`frklt bnaaul`t`cs krc br`t`bki bnapnlcltsw`tj tjc nvcrkii rca`ttklbc dinw cqukt`nl8 (v) tjc rcfuiktnry clv`rnlaclt ndrca`ttklbc dinws wnuie mc frcktiy cljklbce tjrnufj tjc prnant`nl, `lbius`nl, klecxpkls`nl nd prnpcr èclt`d`bkt`nl8 kle (v`) pumi`b pni`b`cs bkl mc e`rcbtce tn muìe`lfkl clv`rnlaclt dnr e`kspnrks `lvcstaclts `l tjc bnaaul`ty kle inbki mus`lcssecvcinpaclts dnr cxpnrts tn Jnleurkl bnaaul t`cs kmrnke.

Uj`s rcpnrt `s k rcsuit nd tjc bniikmnrkt`vc cddnrts mctwccl tjc D`lklb`ki Akrhct@ltcfr`ty Sl`t nd tjc Vnrie Mklh (D_ED@) kle tjc Ecutsbjc Fcsciisbjkdt dr Ucbjl`sbjcWuskaaclkrmc`t (FUW) `l Jnleurks nl mcjkid nd tjc Fcrakl Dcecrki A`l`stry dnrCbnlna`b Bnnpcrkt`nl kle Ecvcinpaclt tn mr`lf tnfctjcr e`ddcrclt cxpcrt`sc nlrca`ttklbcs, a`frkt`nl, kle cbnlna`b ecvcinpaclt. D_ED@ ecvcinpce k actjneninfydnr rcsckrbj nl Mìktcrki ]ca`ttklbc Bnrrènr Klkiys`s (M]BK) kle jks kppi`ce `t tn kscr`cs nd M]BK stue`cs. FUW `l Jnleurks jks bnleubtce rcsckrbj nl a`frkt`nl,trklslkt`nlki mrèfcs, kle tjc àpkbts nd rca`ttklbcs.

Jnpcduiiy, tjc e`ssca`lkt`nl nd tj`s rcpnrt wìi prnantc pumi`b e`sbuss`nl kleicke tn sniut`nls tjkt wìi mclcd`t tjc Jnleurkl pcnpic.

Bnlsniktc H. ]uskfkrkE`rcbtnrD`lklb`ki Rystcas EcpkrtacltD`lklb`ki kle _r`vktc Rcbtnr EcvcinpacltUjc Vnrie Mklh

Vnidfklf IutzBnultry E`rcbtnrEcutsbjc Fcsciisbjkdt dr Ucbjl`sbjcWuskaaclkrmc`t (FUW)Jnleurks

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8/98

v

Kbhlnwicefaclts

j`s rcpnrt `s pkrt nd k scr`cs nd Mìktcrki ]ca`ttklbc Bnrrènr Klkiys`s prngcbtsulecrtkhcl my tjc D`lklb`ki Akrhct @ltcfr`ty Sl`t nd tjc Vnrie Mklh. Ujc rcpnrtwks gn`ltiy bnleubtce my FUW `l Jnleurks kle tjc Vnrie Mklh. Ujc kutjnrs nd

tjc rcpnrt krc @skhu Clen, Rkrkj J`rsbj, Gkl ]nffc, kle Hkaì Mnrnw`h.Vc krc frktcdui dnr tjc bnaaclts, fuèklbc, kle clbnurkfcaclts drna Ikt`dkj

Acr`bkl Bjcnlf, Gckl _csac, Bjr`st`kl Hl`fspcrfcr, ]kui Jcrllecz-Bnss, kle Grfcl _npp. Rpcb`ki tjklhs fn tn Ker`kl Dnzzkre, Ekltc Anss`, Akssàn B`rks`ln,Akr`n Fukekaìiks, kle _ctcr Dcieakll dnr fuèklbc kle bnlsuitkt`nls. _ccrrcv`cwcrs dnr tj`s rcpnrt wcrc Klerck ]`cstcr, @ahc Fìacr, kle Jkls Rbjàpd (FUW)kle Juamcrtn Ipcz, Ekltc Anss`, kle Gns Kltnl`n Fkrb`k Fkrb`k (Vnrie Mklh).Ujc d`lki tcxt mclcd`tce drna Rjcienl I`ppakls ce`tnr`ki kev`bc.

Ujc kutjnrs krc tjklhdui dnr suppnrt `l krrklf`lf a`ss`nls drna bnultry ndd`bcs `lUcfub`fkipk, `lbiue`lf drna Akrtjk Akfcrakls, Hkrik Bcrrktn, kle Lke`k]kuekics (FUW) kle Cvk Aci`sk Bkmkiicrn, Klk Dulcs, @r`s Ace`lk Jcrlklecz, BkrniAcg`k, kle Lnr`s Rki`lks ]cycs (Vnrie Mklh).

D`lkiiy, wc tjklh tjc dniinw`lf pcnpic dnr tjc`r jcipdui suffcst`nls, bnaaclts,kle vkiukmic `ldnrakt`nl7 Iu`s Kfurb`k, Dcrlklen Kfurb`k, Kraklen Musakì, BcicnKivkrcz Bksìen, Akr`bruz Kpkr`b`n ec Rlbjcz, Gns Iu`s Kr`tk, Fcrakl Kserumki, Gns Drklb`sbn Kvìk, Akr`n Kvìk Fut`crrcz, Gnrfc Mucsn Kr`ks, Kraklen Bkstkcek,Akrbn Bkbcrcs, Gàclk Bkiecrl, _ktr`b`k Bklkics, A`bjkci Bkspkr`kl, _ktr`b`kBkstìin, Lklby T. Bkstìin D`fucrnk, Bcisn Bkstrn, ]kui Bcrlk, ]nskr`n Bnmkr, A`rtjkBnil, Kikl Bnx, Jufn Bucvks-Anjr, Gnjl E`l`l, Gukl ec E`ns, Bjr`stnpjcr Euquc,Dcrlklen Csbntn, T`nictk Dinrcs, Mctskm Drklbn, Rj`l Dug`ykak, Gàclk Fkrbk,]kal Kufust`l Fkrbk, @skkb Fnrclk Csp`lnzk, ]ny Fucvkrk, Bnil KlfciJkaìbkr, ]cl Jcrrcrk, ]kquci @skuik, Dcrlklen @zkfu`rrc, J`rnsj` Hkwkln, GnscIkfns, Z`nakrk Iurecs Ikrk, I`lk Akrtlcz, ]cll Akrqucz, Gnsc Akrqu`lk Rkltns,Dkm`n Aktutc, Fkmr`ci Aktuty, Kicx Akyr, Gkv`cr Ace`lk, Vìdrcen Ace`lk, GnssÀcgk, Ciy Aciclecz, Cr`bk Lkrvkcz, A`fuci Lkvkrrn, Kicgklerk Nskr`n, ]nenidn_kstnr ec Akr`k Bkapns, Finr`k Gcss _rcz, Drklb`sbn _nrtìin, _ktr`b`k ]ner`qucz,]cyl`cr` ]ner`fucz, Ukl`k Rkfkstuac ec Mucsn, Mkykren Rkifken, Gnsc Akrqu`lkRkltns, Hk` Rbja`tz, Fkmr`ci R`crrk, Klfcin R`f`sanlen, ]cf`lk Rtnlc, Unly Rtnlc,

_cern Unrrcs, Gns Icnlci Tkiikekrcs, _ctcr Tkle`v`cr, Akluci Kltnl`n Tìik, kleCe`tj Wkvkik.

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9/98

v`

Cxcbut`vc Ruaakry

j`s rcpnrt nl tjc S.R.-Jnleurks rca`ttklbc bnrrènr ecsbr`mcs tjc rca`ttklbcrcfuiktnry kle akrhct clv`rnlaclt, d`lklb`ki `lbius`nl strktcf`cs my d`lklb`ki`lst`tut`nls, trklslkt`nlki cbnlna`b kbt`v`t`cs, kle tjc àpkbts nd rca`ttklbcs nl

tjc Jnleurkl cbnlnay.@l =??:, tjc clv`rnlaclt surrnule`lf rca`ttklbcs erkakt`bkiiy bjklfce kinlf

w`tj tjc ectcr`nrkt`lf cbnlna`b s`tukt`nl sprcke`lf kbrnss tjc finmc. Ujc yckr mcfklw`tj kl cx`st`lf wckh S.R. eniikr, j`fj nì pr`bcs, kle k jnus`lf scbtnr br`s`s bkuscemy r`shy sumpràc anrtfkfcs. Ujc S.R. d`lklb`ki enwlturl àace`ktciy sprcke `ltnkl `ltcrlkt`nlki d`lklb`ki br`s`s, rcsuit`lf `l sinw`lf cbnlna`b frnwtj nl k finmkisbkic. ]ca`ttklbcs wcrc ln cxbcpt`nl tn tjc lcfkt`vc àpkbt nd tjc d`lklb`ki br`s`s ks klcbnlna`b sinwenwl `l a`frklt jnst bnultr`cs kddcbts capinyaclt kle `lbnacs. ; Bnlscqucltiy, tjc burrclt d`lklb`ki br`s`s àpkbts lcfkt`vciy nl rca`ttklbcs dnr Ikt`lKacr`bkl bnultr`cs, `lbiue`lf Jnleurks, wjnsc `lbna`lf rca`ttklbcs krc ak`liydrna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs.

]kpè bjklfcs `l tjc rca`ttklbc clv`rnlaclt jkvc jke àpi`bkt`nls `l tjcprcpkrkt`nl nd tj`s rcpnrt, k gn`lt cddnrt nd FUW kle D_ED@ nd tjc Vnrie Mklh.Kitjnufj tjc kutjnrs tr`ce tn `lbiuec upektce `ldnrakt`nl `l tjc rcpnrt, tjc dkst-bjklf`lf cbnlna`b bnle`t`nls `l tjc wnrie jkvc akec tj`s e`dd`buit tn kbj`cvc.Mr`lf`lf tnfctjcr inbki kle `ltcrlkt`nlki hlnwicefc nd rca`ttklbcs kle kppiy`lfM]BK actjneninfy, tjc rcpnrt dnbuscs nl rcicvklt pumi`b pni`by `ssucs dnr rca`ttklbcskle rciktce akttcrs subj ks kbbcss tn d`lklbc, rcfuikt`nl, tjc cssclbc nd tjc rca`ttklbcakrhct, kle bnaaul`ty `l`t`kt`vcs (trklslkt`nlki mrèfcs). Ujc stuey a`ss`nls `l tjcSl`tce Rtktcs kle Jnleurks wcrc ulecrtkhcl `l Kprì =??:.

Nvcrv`cw nd A`frkt`nl kle ]ca`ttklbc Urcles

Kbbnre`lf tn tjc Vnrie Mklh, rcbnrece rca`ttklbcs tn ecvcinp`lf bnultr`cs krccstàktce tn rckbj SR$2?3 mìi`nl `l =??:, ecsp`tc k sjkrp sinwenwl `l frnwtj `l tjctj`re qukrtcr.= ]ca`ttklbcs tn tjc Ikt`l Kacr`bkl kle Bkr`mmckl (IKB) ]cf`nlkppckr tn jkvc cxpcr`clbce zcrn frnwtj rktcs `l =??:.

Jnleurks `s k rcikt`vciy ikrfc rca`ttklbc-rcbc`v`lf bnultry `l tjc IKB ]cf`nl. @l=??:, `l kmsniutc vniuac, Jnleurks rcbc`vce SR$=.: mìi`nl `l rca`ttklbcs. @l tjcprcv`nus yckr, rca`ttklbcs tn Jnleurks kbbnultce dnr =;.2 pcrbclt nd `ts frnssenacst`b prneubt (FE_). ]cdicbt`lf a`frkt`nl stkt`st`bs, 0;.5 pcrbclt nd rca`ttklbcsclecrs wcrc `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Kt tjc jnuscjnie icvci, rca`ttklbcs bnlst`tutc tjctj`re ikrfcst snurbc nd jnuscjnie `lbnac `l Jnleurks kle krc ikrfciy usce tn d`lklbcmks`b i`v`lf cxpclscs.

U


10/98

Cxcbut vc Ruaakry x

D`furc ;. ]ca`ttklbcs kle Bkp`tki Dinws tn Ecvcinp`lf Bnultr`cs

Rnurbc7 Ujc Vnrie Mklh Ecvcinpaclt Cbnlna`bs _rnspcbts Frnup

Ujc akgnr`ty nd Jnleurkls a`frktc kmrnke dnr cbnlna`b rcksnls. Kbbnre`lf tn kstuey my @lst`tutn Lkb`nlki ec Cstkt st`bk (@LC), 0; pcrbclt nd Jnleurkl a`frkltsca`frktce tn scch gnms. Kt tjc skac tàc, a frkt`nl `s kisn tr `ffcrce my tjc `lbnace`ddcrclt`kis kle tjc wkfc fkp nd 0 tn ;= tàcs dnr ulshìice ikmnr. Uj`s sjnws tjktpntclt`ki a`frklts d`le cx`st`lf gnms ulskt`sdy`lf w`tj rcfkre tn `lbnac kle scchmcttcr `lbnac nppnrtul`t`cs tjrnufj a`frkt`nl. Ujc pr`lb`pic puii dkbtnr dnr rcbclta`frkt`nl tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs jks mccl tjc mnna`lf bnlstrubt`nl `leustry, kmsnrm`lf56.0 pcrbclt nd Jnleurkl akic a`frklt ikmnr.

Rtrnlf snb`ki lctwnrhs mctwccl a`frklts kle tjc`r rcikt`vcs suppnrt kledkbì`tktc Jnleurkl a`frkt`nl. Akly a`frklts mnrrnw anlcy drna dkaìy acamcrsnr dr`cles wjcl tjcy a`frktc tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Ujcrc krc wèc rklf`lf cstàktcs nd

Jnleurkl a`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Ujc Kacr`bkl Bnaaul`ty Rurvcy (KBR)=??6 cstàktcs k dnrc`fl (Jnleurkl-mnrl) pnpuikt`nl nd 52?,3?5 `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcswjìc tjc @LC cstàktcs =2=,?40 Jnleurkl ca`frklts `l =??4. Ujc Bcltrki Mklh ndJnleurks (MBJ) cstàktcs ln icss tjkl ;? pcrbclt nd tjc tntki pnpuikt`nl nd Jnleurksnr 62?,???. Ujc ikrfcst d`vc S.R. ecst`lkt`nl stktcs dnr Jnleurkls krc Dinrèk, LcwPnrh, Bki`dnrl`k, Ucxks, kle Lcw Gcrscy. Mut tjc rcbclt S.R. cbnlna`b sinwenwl jksdnrbce lcw kle cstkmi`sjce a`f rklts tn pursuc nppnrtul`t`cs `l ntjcr stktcs.

Lntkmiy, rcturl a`frkt`nl rcprcsclts k s`fl`d`bklt snurbc dnr inbki ecvcinpaclt `lJnleurks, yct `ts kbt`vc prnant`nl `s nvcrsjkenwce my tjc `lbrcks`lf ecpnrtkt`nls.Kitjnufj tjc ecvcinpaclt àpkbt nd rcturl kle bybi`bki a`frkt`nl nl snb`cty klecbnlnay `l Jnleurks `s lnt duiiy cvèclt, tjrcc ak`l pkttcrls nd rcturl a`frkt`nl

jkvc mccl nmscrvce7 vniultkry tcapnrkry kle bybi`bki a`frkt`nl, ecpnrtkt`nl, kletcapnrkry ikmnr prnfrkas. Jnleurkl a`frklts en lnt lcbcsskrìy `ltcle tn stkypcraklcltiy `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs8 snac pikl tn rcturl jnac nr akhc drcquclt rcturltr`ps tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs, tjus l`t`kt`lf k bybi`bki a`frkt`nl sbjcac.


11/98

x Cxcbut vc Ruaakry

Kitjnufj rca`ttklbcs tn Jnleurks `lbrcksce tn ulprcbcecltce kanults `lkmsniutc luamcr, k akrhce sinwenwl `l tjc frnwtj rktc nbburrce `l =??3?6. Ujcenwlwkre trcle `l tjc frnwtj rktc nd rca`ttklbcs `s anst i`hciy cxpik`lce my tjcsinwenwl `l tjc S.R. cbnlnay kle t`fjtcl lf nd S.R. kle Acx`bkl mnrecr bnltrnis. @lkee`t`nl, `t `s pnss`mic tjkt rca`ttklbcs wcrc nvcr-rcpnrtce wjcl k lcw actjne ndektk bniicbt`nl wks put `l pikbc kle kegustaclts wcrc sumscqucltiy akec. Kbbnre`lftn tjc Jnleurkl kutjnr`t`cs tjcy jkvc mcful e`kinfucs w`tj lc`fjmnr`lf stktcs tncxbjklfc cxpcr`clbcs nl a`frkt`nl kle rca`ttklbcs8 tjcy kisn stktce tjkt tjcy kenptcek lkt`nlki pni`by dnr ca`frklts.

Ujc S.R.-Jnleurks Akrhct dnr ]ca`ttklbcs

A`frklts bjn`bcs nd rca`ttklbc bjkllcis krc `ldiuclbce my snb`ncbnlna`b, buiturki,kle `lst`tut`nlki rcksnls kle my tjc`r a`frkt`nl stktus. Bnlvcl`clbc, bnst, kleinbkt`nl scca tn mc tjc akgnr dkbtnrs `l ectcra`l`lf bjn`bc nd rca`ttklbc bjkllci.Anlcy trklsdcr bnapkl`cs, k prcdcrrce bjkllci, nddcr rca`ttklbc scrv`bcs tjkt acctJnleurkl a`frklts lcces. Ks k rcsuit, kmnut 0= pcrbclt nd rca`ttklbcs `l tjc S.R.-Jnleurks bnrrènr krc trklsdcrrce tjrnufj dnraki (rcfuiktce) rca`ttklbc scrv`bcprnvècrs. Jnleurkl a`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs usc pràkrìy ikrfc anlcytrklsdcr npcrktnr (AUN) lctwnrhs.

@l Jnleurks, tjc rca`ttklbc akrhct `s j`fjiy bnlbcltrktce kanlf mklhs w`tjrcbclt cxpkls`nl tn a`brnd`lklbc `lst`tut`nls. Rtìi sakii, tjc a`brnd`lklbc `lst`tut`nlakrhct `s d`le`lf `ts l`bjc. @ltcrlkt`nlki anlcy trklsdcr bnapkl`cs krc kisn `l tjcrca`ttklbc akrhct. Ecsp`tc k frnw`lf lctwnrh, kvkìkmì`ty nd rca`ttklbcs scrv`bcs `lrurki krcks `s ià`tce. Brce`t kle skv`lfs bnnpcrkt`vcs mr`lf kbbcss tn rca`ttklbcscrv`bcs `l rurki Jnleurks. @l =??4, bnnpcrkt`vcs e`str`mutce kmnut =? pcrbclt nd kiirca`ttklbcs sclt tn rurki krcks. Rtrubh my scbur`ty `ssucs, durtjcr cxpkls`nl nd tjclctwnrh nd rca`ttklbc-pky`lf kfclts `s ià`tce.

Bnsts nd scle`lf rca`ttklbcs tn Jnleurks krc inw, mut lnt tjc inwcst wjclbnapkrce tn tjnsc nd ntjcr bnrrènrs mctwccl tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs kle bnultr`cs `l Ikt`lKacr`bk. Vjcl scle`lf kle bikà`lf k rca`ttklbc `l tjc S.R.-Jnleurks rca`ttklbcbnrrènr, tjc pràkry kssnb`ktce bnst `s drna tjc bnaa`ss`nl pkè my sclecr ktnr`f`lkt`nl. Ujcsc bnsts krc e`str`mutce kanlf tjc bkptur`lf kfclt,`ltcrace`kr`cs/lctwnrh, kle e`str`mut`lf kfclt. E`ddcrclt pr`b`lf sbjcacs myrca`ttklbc scrv`bc prnvècrs `l tjc bnrrènr ecpcle nl pkrtlcrsj`ps kle ecst`lkt`nls.

Ujc @apkbt nd ]cfuikt`n ls n l ]ca`ttklbc Akrhcts

Bnaacrb`ki mklhs kle anlcy scrv`bc mus`lcsscs npcrktc ks rca`ttklbc scrv`bcprnvècrs `l tjc S.R. rca`ttklbc akrhct. Ujc S.R. rca`ttklbc akrhct jks rcfuikt`nls ktmntj stktc kle dcecrki icvcis. Rtktc rcfuiktnrs bnvcr tjc npcrkt`nls nd stktc-bjkrtcrcemklhs kle anlcy scrv`bc mus`lcsscs. Ckbj stktc jks e`ddcrclt rcqu`rcaclts dnri`bcls`lf `l sp`tc nd nlfn`lf cddnrts my rcfuiktnrs tn jkranl`zc stktc rcfuikt`nls.

Ujc Dcecrki Fnvcrlaclt rcfuiktcs dcecrki-bjkrfce mklhs kle anlcy scrv`bcmus`lcsscs nl `ssucs nd klt`-anlcy ikulecr`lf kle bnamkt`lf tjc d`lklb`lf ndtcrrnr`sa (KAI/BDU). Ujc D`lklb`ki Bràcs Cldnrbcaclt Lctwnrh (D`lBCL) `s tjcS.R. d`lklb`ki `ltcii`fclbc ul`t, k murcku nd tjc S.R. Ecpkrtaclt nd tjc Urcksury, klekea`l`strktnr nd tjc Mklh Rcbrcby Kbt. Kt tjc dcecrki icvci, rca`ttklbc scrv`bcprnvècrs krc rcqu`rce tn dìc rcpnrts nl susp`b`nus kbt`v`ty kle burrclby trklskbt`nlskmnvc bcrtk`l tjrcsjnies. Mklhs krc rcqu`rce tn dìc k susp`b`nus kbt`v`ty rcpnrt (RK])nl trklskbt`nls nr kttcaptce trklskbt`nls nd kt ickst SR$3,??? `d tjc mklh hlnws,suspcbts, nr jks rcksnl tn suspcbt anlcy-ikulecr`lf kbt`v`t`cs. Anlcy scrv`bc


12/98

Cxcbut vc Ruaakry x

mus`lcsscs krc rcqu`rce tn rcpnrt trklskbt`nls nr kttcaptce trklskbt`nls `lvniv`lf ktickst SR$=,???. Kii rca`ttklbc scrv`bc prnvècrs krc rcqu`rce tn dìc k burrclbytrklskbt`nl rcpnrt nl trklskbt`nls `l cxbcss nd SR$;?,???. @l kii bkscs, rca`ttklbcscrv`bc prnvècrs aust bnleubt bustnacr èclt`d`bkt`nl kle vcr`d`bkt`nl kle bklkbbcpt fnvcrlaclt-`ssuce èclt`d`bkt`nl, `lbiue`lf kt tjc`r e`sbrct`nl dnrc`flfnvcrlaclt-`ssuce èclt`d`bkt`nl.

@l Jnleurks, tjc Lkt`nlki Bnaa`ss`nl nd Mklhs kle @lsurklbc (Bna`s`lLkb`nlki ec Mklbns y Rcfurns nr BLMR) jks icfki kutjnr`ty tn supcrv`sc d`lklb`ki`lst`tut`nls. Ujc Bcltrki Mklh nd Jnleurks (Mklbn Bcltrki ec Jnleurks nr MBJ) `srcspnls`mic dnr tjc nvcrs`fjt nd lkt`nlki pkyaclt systcas kle dnr dnrc`fl cxbjklfcrcfuikt`nls. Ujc =??= KAI Ikw cstkmi`sjce ik Slèke ec @ldnrakb`l D`lklb`crk(S@D), Jnleurks d`lklb`ki `ltcii`fclbc ul`t. Ujc KAI Ikw rcqu`rcs supcrv`sce klentjcr rcicvklt d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls tn cstkmi`sj dnraki KAI pni`b`cs kle prnbceurcs,`lbiue`lf kppn`lt`lf k Bnapi`klbc Ndd`bcr kle Bnapi`klbc Bnaa`ttcc, hlnw-ynur-

bustnacr (HPB) pni`b`cs kle prnbceurcs, nlfn`lf anl`tnr`lf nd bustnacrs, kle dì`lfsusp`b`nus trklskbt`nl rcpnrts (RU]s) tn tjc S@D. Slecr tjc Jnleurkl icfki klercfuiktnry drkacwnrh, anlcy trklsdcr bnapkl`cs krc rcfuiktce ulecr tjc KAI/BDUrcfàc mut lnt rcfuiktce ks k d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nl my c`tjcr BLMR nr MBJ.

V`tj rcspcbt tn HPB rcqu`rcaclts dnr d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls, `t sccas tn mc ulbickrwjctjcr k bi`clts pjys`bki prcsclbc `s lccece kt tjc tàc nd npcl`lf kl kbbnult nrakh`lf k trklskbt`nl. Ujc KAI Ikw prcsbr`mcs bustnacr èclt`d`bkt`nl8 jnwcvcr, `tencs lnt rcqu`rc pjys`bki prcsclbc. Kt tjc skac tàc, kutjnr`t`cs `ltcrprct tjkt pjys`bkiprcsclbc `s lcbcsskry kitjnufj tj`s `ltcrprctkt`nl `s lnt pumi`biy `ssuce. K dcwd`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls `l Jnleurks wìi npcl kbbnults dnr Jnleurkl a`frklts wjìctjcy krc `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs.

]ca`ttklbcs kle D`lklb`ki @lbius`n l

Akss`vc dinws nd rca`ttklbcs prcsclt k j`stnr`b nppnrtul`ty dnr Jnleurks tn upfrkec`ts d`lklb`ki scbtnr kle `lbrcksc d`lklb`ki `lbius`nl nd tjc pnnr. D`lklb`ki `lbius`nlrcdcrs tn f`v`lf pcnpic wjn dnracriy jke ln kbbcss tn dnraki d`lklb`ki systcas kbbcsstn d`lklb`ki scrv`bcs subj ks kbbnults, brce`ts, kle `lsurklbc prneubts. Cap`r`bkistue`cs kbrnss tjc finmc suffcst tjkt ecvcinpaclt nd tjc d`lklb`ki scbtnr kle d`lklb`ki`lbius`nl jks k pns`t`vc àpkbt nl cbnlna`b frnwtj. Ujcrc `s pntclt`ki dnr durtjcrd`lklb`ki `lbius`nl nd rca`ttklbc rcb`p`clts `l Jnleurks.

]ca`ttklbcs tn Jnleurks `lbrcksc mklbkr`zkt`nl nd rca`ttklbc rcb`p`clts kitjnufjkt inw nvcrkii icvcis. Kbbnre`lf tn k survcy bnaa`ss`nlce my tjc @ltcr-Kacr`bklEcvcinpaclt Mklh (@KEM), rca`ttklbc rcb`p`clts krc `ltcrcstce `l kbbcss`lf anrcd`lklb`ki scrv`bcs. Mut, Jnleurkl a`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs dkbc nmstkbics `lkbbcss`lf k rklfc nd d`lklb`ki scrv`bcs, stkrt`lf w`tj ikbh nd enbuacltkt`nl. Ansta`frklts en lnt jnie k vkiè S.R. cltry v`sk nr k S.R. snb`ki scbur`ty luamcr, klendtcl tjcy c`tjcr jkvc inst tjc`r Jnleurkl èclt`d`bkt`nl `l trkls`t nr wcrc tnn ynulftn jnie kly dnra nd Jnleurkl èclt`d`bkt`nl wjcl tjcy icdt tjc bnultry. D`lklb`ki`lst`tut`nls `l Jnleurks jkvc rcbnfl`zce tjc nppnrtul`ty dnr d`lklb`ki `lbius`nl nda`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs kle rca`ttklbc mclcd`b`kr`cs `l Jnleurks. Ujcprcena`lklt usc nd dnraki rca`ttklbc bjkllcis brcktcs kl ka`bkmic clv`rnlaclt dnrd`lklb`ki `lbius`nl. D`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls `l Jnleurks jkvc kenptce akrhct`lf

strktcf`cs tn turl rca`ttklbc sclecrs kle rcbc`vcrs `ltn mklh`lf bi`clts. Ujcsc actjnesecpcle nl tjc fclcrki ktt `tuec nd k d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nl tnwkre tjc akrhct, tjc icvci ndkvkìkmic `ldnrakt`nl, tjc usc nd tcbjlninfy, kle rcfuiktnry kspcbts `l Jnleurks kle`l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Anst d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls `l Jnleurks dnbus nl tjc rcbc`vcr ks


13/98

x Cxcbut vc Ruaakry

tjc fktcwky tn d`lklb`ki `lbius`nl. Mklhs kle ntjcr d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls krcpns`t`nlce tn `lbrcksc d`lklb`ki ceubkt`nl ks k prcbnle`t`nl tn frcktcr d`lklb`ki`lbius`nl. Rcvcrki d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls jkvc p`nlccrce tjc usc nd nli`lc mklh`lf kleanmìc pjnlcs tn cxpkle kbbcss tn scrv`bcs my rcbc`vcrs.

Brce`t kle skv`lfs bnnpcrkt`vcs nddcr pkrt`buikr mclcd`ts dnr ecvcinpaclt kt inbkiicvci. Ujcsc `lst`tut`nls ecvcinp icle`lf prneubts tkìnrce tn spcb`d`b ecvcinpacltlcces nd inbki bnaaul`t`cs. Rnac bnnpcrkt`vcs jkvc `ltrneubce k spcb`ki i`lc ndprneubts dnr rca`ttklbc rcbc`vcrs bkiice SL@]CACRKR kle nddcr akly `le`vèukiscrv`bcs tn a`frklts mksce nl tjc`r hlnwicefc nd inbki bnaaul`t`cs.

Ecvcinpaclt @apkbt nd ]ca`ttklbcs `l ]urki Jnleurks7 Urklslkt`nlkiCbnlnay , Lctwnrhs , kle E`kspnrk Clfkfcaclt

Jnleurkl a`frklts krc pkrtlcrs `l tjc snb`ki, cbnlna`b, kle pni`t`bki ecvcinpaclt ndtjc`r jnac bnaaul`t`cs. K r`s`lf trklslkt`nlki cbnlnay `l rurki Jnleurks bkl mcbjkrkbtcr`zce my a`frklts d`lklb`ki bnltr`mut`nl tn bnaaul`ty ecvcinpaclt,rcturl`lf a`frklts kle tjc`r `lvcstaclts `l inbki pr`vktc scbtnr, bnur`cr scrv`bcs, kle`ldnraki akrhct nd a`frkt`nl kle rca`ttklbcs. A`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs brcktcecakle dnr k akrhct `l lnstkif`b prneubts drna Jnleurks. T`kgcrns (bnur`crs)eci`vcr spcb`ki`zce, trklslkt`nlki, ennr-tn-ennr, cxpnrt-àpnrt bnur`cr scrv`bcsmctwccl bcrtk`l rcf`nls `l Jnleurks kle tjc`r bnrrcspnleclt a`frkt`nl lctwnrhs `ltjc Sl`tce Rtktcs.

Rcid-nrfkl`zce a`frklts prnantc bnaaul`ty ecvcinpaclt tjrnufj j`fjiysbkttcrce bniicbt`vc rca`ttklbc `l`t`kt`vcs, bnltr`mut`lf tn tjc`r jnac snb`cty tjrnufj`lvcstaclt kle shìi trklsdcrs. Ks k fnne prkbt`bc cxkapic, a`frklts drna @lt`mubkle Niklbjn rcturl kle `lvcst tjc`r skv`lfs kle lcw shìis `l inbki mus`lcss. @l tjctnwl nd Ik Cspcrklzk, tjc ecpkrtacltki bkp`tki, bnaacrb`ki, kle d`lklb`ki bcltcr nd@lt`mub, ;; pcrbclt nd mus`lcsscs krc d`lklbce my rca`ttklbcs nd rcturlce a`frklts.Akly nd tjc rcturl`lf a`frklts rcturl kt snac pn`lt tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs dnrtcapnrkry wnrh kle ickvc k dkaìy acamcr `l bjkrfc nd tjc`r mus`lcss.

Jnleurkl a`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs tcle tn biustcr `l krcks w`tj k j`fjprcsclbc nd pccrs drna tjc`r jnac bnaaul`t`cs. A`frklts drna @lt`mub tcle tn frnup`l tjc Frcktcr Vksj`lftnl, EB Actrn Krck, a`frklts drna Niklbjn `l A`ka`, kle tjcFkrdulk trke`t`nlkiiy scttic `l tjc Mrnlx nr Mrnnhiyl, Lcw Pnrh. Bnapicacltkry tntjc`r trklslkt`nlki lctwnrhs, a`frklts cstkmi`sj spcb`d`b sumlkt`nlki rca`ttklbcbnrrènrs. K sumlkt`nlki rca`ttklbcs bnrrènr kle tjc`r rciktce trklslkt`nlkilctwnrhs nd a`frklts kle dkaì`cs brcktc k trklslkt`nlki mrèfc bjkrkbtcr`zce mypcnpic, fnnes, anlcy, kle `ldnrakt`nl anv`lf/trkvcii`lf mkbh kle dnrtj mctwccl tjcpikbc nd k a`frklts nr`f`l kle tjc ecst`lkt`nl. Ujc bnlbcpt nd k trklslkt`nlkimrèfcmr`lf`lf tnfctjcr sclecrs kle mclcd`b`kr`cs nd tjc skac nr`f`lwks tjcakrhct`lf strktcfy nd nlc d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nl tn prnantc tjc`r prneubts kle scrv`bcstjrnufj snb`ki bnrpnrktc `lvcstaclt `l ceubkt`nl. Jnleurks dkbcs kl nppnrtulc tàctn strclftjcl trklslkt`nlki mrèfcs w`tj tjc kss`stklbc nd akly stkhcjniecrs. Nliyrcbcltiy, d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls jkvc stkrtce tn innh dnr wkys tn rckbj nut tn mntjsclecrs kle mclcd`b`kr`cs nd rca`ttklbcs `l nrecr tn brnss-scii d`lklb`ki prneubts kleprnantc d`lklb`ki `lbius`nl.

Icssnls drna bksc stue`cs nd trklslkt`nlki mrèfcs suffcst tjkt ulecrstkle`lf

sumlkt`nlki rca`ttklbc bnrrènrs kle tjc`r ulecriy`lf trklslkt`nlki a`frkltlctwnrhs jcip ecs`fl kle àpicaclt anrc cdd`b`clt nutrckbj kle d`lklb`ki `lbius`nlcvcl `d nl k inw stkrtup sbkic. K sumlkt`nlki pcrspcbt`vc jcips turl `ldnraki a`frkt`nl


14/98

Cxcbut vc Ruaakry x ``

pkttcrls tn inbki ecvcinpaclt nppnrtul`t`cs, muìes trust, kle clfkfcs hcystkhcjniecrs kt k inbki icvci.

_ni`by ]cbnaaclekt`nls

Ks kl nutbnac nd tjc klkiys`s `l tj`s rcpnrt, hcy pni`by rcbnaaclekt`nls suffcstkbt`nls dnr stkhcjniecrs w`tj rcspcbt tn tjc S.R.-Jnleurks akrhct dnr rca`ttklbcs,strktcf`cs dnr d`lklb`ki `lbius`nls nd sclecrs kle rcb`p`clts, kle ecvcinpaclt àpkbtnd rca`ttklbcs `l rurki Jnleurks.

Ujc S.R.-Jnleurks Akrhct dnr ]ca`ttklbcs

Ecvcinp e`str`mut`nl bjkllcis `l rurki krcks. Ujc ecvcinpaclt nd k pkyaclt systca`ldrkstrubturc bkl dkbì`tktc cdd`b`clt trklskbt`nls, `lbiue`lf rca`ttklbcs tjkt tjcl icketn rceubce bnsts nd pkyaclt trklskbt`nls. Mcttcr kbbcss bkl cksc rca`ttklbce`str`mut`nl nl scvcrki icvcis `l rcantc krcks. D`rst, `t keercsscs scbur`ty kle bnst`ssucs my kvnè`lf bkrry`lf bksj tn rcantc pkyaclt nuticts `l kranrce vcj`bics.Rcbnle, tjc pr`vktc scbtnr clt`t`cs bkl utì`zc pkyaclt `ldrkstrubturc tn ecvcinp dkst,`lcxpcls`vc, kle scburce rca`ttklbc prneubts tjkt acct uscrs lcces. Uj`re, dicx`mì`ty`l kbbcss tn bcrtk`l pkyaclt systcas, subj ks pkyaclt bkres, my kii lcw, kutjnr`zcenpcrktnrs bnuie dkbì`tktc durtjcr e`str`mut`nl nd rca`ttklbcs. Ujc Bcltrki Mklh sjnuiebnlt`luc tn icke tj`s cddnrt.Bikr`dy rcfuiktnry rcqu`rcaclts kle bnapi`klbc. HPB rcqu`rcaclts `l Jnleurkskppckr ulbickr dnr tjc pr`vktc scbtnr. Ujc BLMR kle S@D kle ntjcr kutjnr`t`cs sjnuiebikr`dy, `l pkrt`buikr, tjc lcce dnr pjys`bki prcsclbc nd k bustnacr kt tjc tàc ndnpcl`lf k mklh kbbnult, kanlf ntjcr rcqu`rcaclts. Uj`s kam`fu`ty kiinws a`frklts

wnrh`lf `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs tn npcl kbbnults `l Jnleurks w`tjnut mc`lf prcsclt. Ujcquki`ty nd cldnrbcaclt nd HPB rcqu`rcaclts enlc my tjcsc mklhs `s ulhlnwl. UjcBLMR, S@D, kle ntjcr kutjnr`t`cs sjnuie tkhc k mkiklbce kpprnkbj mctwccl tjca`t`fkt`nl nd KAI r`shs kle tjc aprnvcaclt nd kbbcss tn d`lklb`ki scrv`bcs. ]cfuiktc anlcy trklsdcr bnapkl`cs. Ujc BLMR jks erkdtce rcfuikt`nls dnr anlcytrklsdcr bnapkl`cs. Ujc Jnleurkl fnvcrlaclt kutjnr`t`cs `l bniikmnrkt`nl w`tjd`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls sjnuie àpicaclt lcw rcfuikt`nls `l k frkeuki akllcr `l tcrasnd rcqu`rcaclts kle tà`lf. Ujc rcfuiktnry drkacwnrh sjnuie mc snule, prce`btkmic,lnl-e`sbrà`lktnry, kle prnpnrt`nlktc. @t sjnuie keercss trklspkrclby, clsurcbnlsuacr prntcbt`nl, kle rcqu`rc anlcy trklsdcr scrv`bc prnvècrs tn mc jciekbbnultkmic dnr tjc`r scrv`bcs. Unn bnapicx rcqu`rcaclts kt tjc mcf`ll`lf dnr tjnsclcwiy rcfuiktce aky e`sbnurkfc tjca drna mc`lf i`bclsce kle npcrkt`lf icfkiiy. Ecvcinp k anl`tnr`lf /supcrv`snry drkacwnrh. Ujc Jnleurkl fnvcrlaclt kutjnr`t`cs`l bniikmnrkt`nl w`tj d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls sjnuie bnlsècr ecvcinp`lf k anlcy-ikulecr`lf r`sh èclt`d`bkt`nl drkacwnrh tjkt anl`tnrs fcnfrkpj`b r`shs, `lbrckscescbur`ty bnlbcrls, kle sauffi`lf `ssucs. Ujc kppi`bkt`nl nd r`sh dkbtnrs `l anl`tnr`lfkle supcrv`s`nl wìi dkbì`tktc `ts cddcbt`vclcss kle mcttcr usc nd d`lklb`ki kle juaklrcsnurbcs. Ujc S@D `s wcii pns`t`nlce tn ecvcinp k r`sh èclt`d`bkt`nl drkacwnrh. Dnra k bnaa`t tcc dnr ektk bniicbt`nl. Burrcltiy e`ddcrclt clt`t`cs nd tjc kutjnr`t`csbniicbt rca`ttklbc kle a`frkt`nl ektk. Ujc fnvcrlaclt nd Jnleurks bnuie bnlsècrdnra`lf k lkt`nlki bnaa`ttcc tn akxà`zc kvkìkmic rcsnurbcs dnr mcttcr ektkbniicbt`nl. Ujc bnaa`ttcc bnuie mr`lf hcy stkhcjniecrs `lbiue`lf @LC, tjc BcltrkiMklh, tjc BLMR, tjc S@D, tjc A`l`stry nd Dnrc`fl Kddk`rs, kle ntjcrs tnfctjcr tn


15/98

x v Cxcbut vc Ruaakry

cxbjklfc `ldnrakt`nl nl ektk kle tn prneubc mcttcr `ldnrakt`nl tjrnufjbnnre`lkt`nl.

Mcttcr jkranl`zc kle bnnre`lktc stktc rcfuikt`nls kle cxka`lkt`nls nd anlcy

scrv`bc mus`lcsscs `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Vjìc S.R. stktc rcfuiktnrs jkvc vniultkrìyakec cddnrts tn jkranl`zc stktc rcfuikt`nls dnr anlcy scrv`bc mus`lcsscs, tjcrc krcfkps `l rcqu`rcaclts kle prnbceurcs dnr i`bcls`lf anlcy scrv`bc mus`lcsscs, wj`bjrcsuit `l j`fjcr bnsts dnr mus`lcss npcrkt`nl. Rtktc rcfuiktnrs sjnuie bnlt`luc tnjkranl`zc rcfuiktnry rcqu`rcaclts dnr tjcsc i`bclscs. Cxka`lkt`nls nd anlcy scrv`bcmus`lcsscs my stktc rcfuiktnrs kle tjc S.R. @ltcrlki ]cvcluc Rcrv`bc sjnuie mc mcttcrbnnre`lktce tn dnbus nl tjc cxka`lkt`nls nd j`fj-r`sh anlcy scrv`bc mus lcsscs.

Rtrktcf`cs dnr D`lklb`ki @lbius`nls nd Rclecrs kle ]cb`p`clts _rnantc `lbius nl kle cxpkle kbbcss w`tj prnpcr èclt`d`bkt`nl. Burrcltiy, S.R.kutjnr`t`cs en lnt tkhc pns`t`nls nl usc nd bnlsuikr èclt`d`bkt`nl bkres my

ulenbuacltce a`frklts. 2 Akly bnaacrb`ki mklhs `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs kbbcptbnlsuikr èclt`d`bkt`nl bkres ks k dnra nd èclt`d`bkt`nl dnr a`frklts. @l nrecr dnrJnleurkl a`frklts tn clgny tj`s pr`vìcfc, tjc Jnleurkl kutjnr`t`cs `l bniikmnrkt`nlw`tj S.R. fnvcrlaclt kutjnr`t`cs sjnuie ecvcinp bkpkb`ty tn `ssuc scburce bnlsuikrèclt`d`bkt`nl bkres dnr Jnleurkl a`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. ]k`sc kwkrclcss nd lcce dnr d`lklb`ki ceubkt`nl. Jnleurkl bnlsuiktcs, d`lklb`ki`lst`tut`nls, kle a`frklt bnaaul`t`cs sjnuie wnrh w`tj nlfn`lf cddnrts my rcf`nlkindd`bcs nd tjc S.R. Dcecrki Ecpns`t @lsurklbc Bnrpnrkt`nl tn rk`sc kwkrclcss klebnleubt mks`b d`lklb`ki ceubkt`nl kanlf Jnleurkl a`frklt bnaaul`t`cs. @aprnvc bkpkb`ty nd tjc pumi`b scbtnr. @l nrecr tn àpicaclt tjc kmnvc pni`byrcbnaaclekt`nls, tjc Jnleurkl kutjnr`t`cs sjnuie àprnvc tjc bkpkb`ty nd tjc`rbnlsuiktcs `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs dnr `ssu`lf scburce lkt`nlki èclt`d`bkt`nl bkres klebnlsuikr èclt`d`bkt`nl bkres. Uj`s wìi jcip ulenbuacltce a`frklt wnrhcrs fk`lkbbcss tn d`lklb`ki scrv`bcs, `d tjcsc bkres krc bnlsècrce scburce my d`lklb`ki`lst`tut`nls. Ujc Jnleurkl fnvcrlaclt kutjnr`t`cs sjnuie cljklbc tjc bkpkb`ty ndJnleurkl bnlsuiktcs tn scrvc tjc ikrfc Jnleurkl a`frklt pnpuikt`nl `l tjc Sl`tceRtktcs `l ntjcr krcks nd lcce.

Ecvcinpaclt @apkbt nd ]ca`ttklbcs l ]urki Jnleurks

Brcktc aktbj`lf dule prnfrkas dnr a`frklts bnaaul`ty `lvcstaclts. Ntjcrbnultr`cs `l tjc IKB ]cf`nl jkvc brcktce pumi`b nr pr`vktc aktbj`lf dule prnfrkastjkt bnapicaclt a`frklts `lvcstaclt `l tjc`r jnac bnaaul`t`cs snb`ki`ldrkstrubturc. A`frklts kssnb`kt`nls usukiiy rcf`stcr w`tj tjc`r bnlsuiktcs klebnapctc dnr cxtrk dule`lf tjrnufj tjc`r prngcbt prnpnskis. Mcynle tjc pns`t`vc cddcbt ndkee`t`nlki snb`ki `ldrkstrubturc `l a`frklts jnac bnaaul`t`cs tjcsc prnfrkas jciptn bnllcbt a`frklt kssnb`kt`nls tn `l`t`kt`vcs nd inbki ecvcinpaclt kle bkl uitàktciyecvcinp pkrtlcrsj`ps dnr e`kinfuc cxbjklfc.Brcktc a`frklt dr`cleiy `lvcstaclt pni`b`cs kt tjc inbki icvci. Rnac a`frklts pikl tnfn mkbh tn tjc`r jnactnwls kle `lvcst tjc`r skv`lfs tn brcktc kl `lbnac dnrtjcascivcs kle tjc`r dkaìy. Ntjcrs a`fjt mc `ltcrcstce `l jcip`lf k dkaìy acamcrw`tj tjc`r mus`lcss èck. Inbki ecvcinpaclt kfclb`cs, aul`b`pki`t`cs, nr ntjcrs bnuie

jcip tjcsc a`frklts ecvcinp `lvcstaclt ècks kle mus`lcss pikls my prnvè`lf`ldnrakt`nl nl tnp`bs subj ks tjc dniinw`lf7 tjc inbki cbnlnay (pr`bcs, bnapct`t`nl,ikbh nd prneubts nr scrv`bcs, `lvcstaclt nppnrtul`t`cs, kle sn dnrtj) mus`lcss bnurscs,


16/98

Cxcbut vc Ruaakry xv

icfki kle d`sbki rcqu`rcaclts, kle snurbcs nd kee`t`nlki d`lklb`lf. Kee`t`nlkiiy d`sbki`lbclt`vcs bnuie mc kl kecquktc acksurc tn kttrkbt a`frklts `lvcstaclts mkbh jnac.

Rtrclftjcl cxpnrt nd lnstkif`b prneubts. A`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs brcktc ecakle

dnr inbkiiy prneubce fnnes, cspcb`kiiy dnnestudds kle ntjcr typ`bki `tcas, wj`bj ndtclbkllnt mc mnufjt kmrnke nr, wjcl kvkìkmic, en lnt tkstc tjc skac. Inbki fnnes brcktck lnstkif`b mnle w`tj tjc jnactnwl. Ujc ecakle dnr inbkiiy prneubce fnnesprcsclts k lcw kle frnw`lf akrhct dnr inbki prneubcrs wjn ndtcl kirckey scle tjc`rprneubts tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs tjrnufj v`kgcrns. Dnraki`z`lf kle kapi`dy`lf tjcsccxpnrts krc bjkiiclfcs. Dnr cxkapic, inbki prneubcrs a`fjt lcce jcip `l fctt`lfskl`tkry rcf`strkt`nl, cxpnrt i`bclscs, `ldnrakt`nl nl lcbcsskry pcra`ts kle trklspnrt,kle jnw tn bnaacrb`ki`zc tjc`r prneubts `l pikbcs wjcrc a`frklts i`vc.Bnllcbt kle `lbnrpnrktc tkiclt kmrnke . Bnllcbt`lf j`fjiy shìice a`frklts tnecvcinpaclt nd inbki-icvci `l`t`kt`vcs brcktcs nppnrtul`t`cs dnr hlnwicefc trklsdcr

kle `llnvkt`nl. @eclt`dy`lf tkiclt kle brckt`lf lctwnrhs nd tjcsc `ltr`ls`bkiiyant`vktce pcnpic `s k strktcfy kppi`ce my snac bnultr`cs tn bnllcbt tjc`r mus`lcss klesb`clt`d`b bnaaul`t`cs tn tnp-icvci hlnwicefc kle prnvèc tjca w`tj bnltkbts8 ntjcrbnllcbt`lf strktcf`cs krc acltnr`lf nr `ltcrlsj`p prnfrkas.

Lntcs; ]ktjk kle ntjcrs =??:.= Vnrie Mklh =??0.2 Acx`bkl kle Fuktcakikl bnlsuiktcs `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs `ssuc tjc`r bnlsuikr èclt`d`bkt`nlbkres tn tjc`r nwl lkt`nlkis.


17/98

xv

Kbrnlyas kle Kmmrcv`kt`nls

KAI Klt`-anlcy ikulecr`lfKUA Kutnaktce tciicr akbj`lcMBJ Mklbn Bcltrki ec JnleurksMRK Mklh Rcbrcby Kbt (S.R.)BKA] Bcltrn ec Ktclb`l ki A`frkltc ]ctnrlkenBDU Bnamkt`lf tjc d`lklb`lf nd tcrrnr`saBLMRB_RR

Bna`s`l Lkb`nlki ec Mklbns y RcfurnsBnaa`ttcc nl _kyaclt kle Rctticaclt Rystcas

BU] Burrclby Urklskbt`nl ]cpnrtECK Eruf Cldnrbcaclt Kfclby (S.R.)

EJR Ecpkrtaclt nd Jnacikle Rcbur`ty (S.R.)DM@ Dcecrki Murcku nd @lvcst`fkt`nl (S.R.)DE@B Dcecrki Ecpns`t @lsurklbc Bnrpnrkt`nl (S.R.)D@ D`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nlDNLKA@J Dnrn Lkb`nlki pkrk iks A`frkb`nlcs cl JnleurksD]M Dcecrki ]cscrvc Mnkre (S.R.)FKN Fnvcrlaclt Kbbnultkmì`ty Ndd`bc (S.R.)FE_ Frnss lkt`nlki prneubtFUW Ecutsbjc Fcsciisbjkdt dr Ucbjl`sbjc Wuskaaclkrmc`t@KEM @ltcr-Kacr`bkl Ecvcinpaclt Mklh@LC @lst`tutn Lkb`nlki ec Cstkt`st`bk@LA @lst`tutn Lkb`nlki ec A`frkb`l ec Ax`bn@NA @ltcrlkt`nlki Nrfkl`zkt`nl dnr A`frkt`nl@]R @ltcrlki ]cvcluc Rcrv`bc (S.R.)HPB Hlnw ynur bustnacrIKB Ikt`l Kacr`bk kle tjc Bkr`mmckl rcf`nl (Vnrie Mklh)AD@ A`brnd`lklbc `lst`tut`nlAnDK A`l`stry nd Dnrc`fl Kddk`rsARM Anlcy scrv`bc mus`lcssAUN Anlcy trklsdcr npcrktnrLBSK Lkt`nlki Brce`t Sl`nl Kssnb`kt`nl (S.R.)NBB Ndd`bc nd tjc Bnaptrniicr nd tjc Burrclby (S.R.)N_E _r`vktc nrfkl`zkt`nls dnr ecvcinpaclt

N_ED Nrfkl`zkb`l _r`vkek ec Ecskrrniin D`lklb`crn (A`brnd`lklbc LFN)NUR Ndd`bc nd Ujr`dt Rupcrv`s`nl (S.R.)]ER ]ce ec Ecskrrniin Rnstcl`mic]R_ ]ca`ttklbc scrv`bc prnvècrRK]RU]

Rusp`b`nus Kbt`v`ty ]cpnrtRusp`b`nus Urklskbt`nl ]cpnrt

U_R Ucapnrkry prntcbt`nl stktusS@D Slèke ec @ldnrakb`l D`lklb`crk (D`lklb`ki @ltcii`fclbc Sl`t)SRRR Sl`tce Rtktcs Rcbrct Rcrv`bc


18/98

;

B J K _ U C ] ;

Nvcrv`cw nd A`frkt`nlkle ]ca`ttklbc Urcles

l =??:, tjc clv`rnlaclt surrnule`lf rca`ttklbcs erkakt`bkiiy bjklfce kinlf w`tj

tjc ectcr`nrkt`lf cbnlna`b s`tukt`nl sprcke`lf kbrnss tjc finmc. Ujc yckr mcfklw`tj kl cx`st`lf wckh S.R. eniikr, j`fj nì pr`bcs, kle k jnus`lf scbtnr br`s`s bkuscemy r`shy sumpràc anrtfkfcs. Ujc S.R. d`lklb`ki enwlturl àace`ktciy sprcke `ltnkl `ltcrlkt`nlki d`lklb`ki br`s`s, rcsuit`lf `l sinw`lf cbnlna`b frnwtj nl k finmkisbkic. ]ca`ttklbcs wcrc ln cxbcpt`nl tn tjc lcfkt`vc àpkbt nd tjc d`lklb`ki br`s`s ks klcbnlna`b sinwenwl `l a`frklt-jnst bnultr`cs kddcbts capinyaclt kle `lbnacs. ; Bnlscqucltiy, tjc burrclt d`lklb`ki br`s`s àpkbts lcfkt`vciy nl rca`ttklbcs dnr Ikt`lKacr`bkl bnultr`cs wjnsc `lbna`lf rca`ttklbcs krc ak`liy drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs.

Ujc bjkptcr prnvècs kl nvcrv`cw nd a`frkt`nl kle rca`ttklbc trcles. @t rcdicbtsstkfcs `l tjc a`frkt`nl prnbcss kle `ts d`lklb`ki àpi`bkt`nls `l tjc lkturki scquclbcnd a`frkt`nl7 rcksnls dnr a`frkt`nl, bnst nd a`frkt`nl, cbnlna`b mkbhfrnule, rcfuikr

kle `rrcfuikr a`frkt`nl tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs, wnrh `l jnst bnultry, rcturl a`frkt`nl,rca`ttklbc dinw tn Jnleurks, usc nd rca`ttklbcs, kle sustk`lkmì`ty nd dinws. Uj`srcpnrt keercsscs pràkrìy cbnlna`b `ssucs tjkt burrclt a`frklts dkbc8 jnwcvcr, `t jksln `ltclt`nls tn prnantc durtjcr a`frkt`nl.

]kpè bjklfcs `l tjc rca`ttklbc clv`rnlaclt jkvc jke àpi`bkt`nls `l tjcprcpkrkt`nl nd tj`s rcpnrt. Kitjnufj tjc kutjnrs tr`ce tn `lbiuec upektce `ldnrakt`nl,dkst-bjklf`lf bnle`t`nls jkvc akec tj`s e`dd`buit tn kbj`cvc. Ujc rcpnrt dnbuscs nlrcicvklt pumi`b pni`by `ssucs nl rca`ttklbcs kle rciktce bnlbcrls subj ks kbbcss tnd`lklbc, rcfuiktnry `ssucs, tjc cssclbc nd rca`ttklbc akrhct, kle bnaaul`ty `l`t`kt`vcs(trklslkt`nlki mrèfcs). Ujc stuey a`ss`nls `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs kle Jnleurks wcrculecrtkhcl `l Kprì =??:.

Hcy A`frkt`nl Urcles

Ujc Sl`tce Rtktcs `s tjc pràkry ecst`lkt`nl dnr Jnleurkl a`frklts. @l =??4, 0;.5pcrbclt nd rca`ttklbc sclecrs i`vce `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs, =.= pcrbclt `l Acx`bn, =.;pcrbclt `l Rpk`l, ;.0 pcrbclt `l Bcltrki Kacr`bk, kle =.2 pcrbclt `l ntjcr bnultr`cs.= Ujc d`vc ecst`lkt`nls `l S.R. stktcs dnr anst Jnleurkls krc Dinrèk, Lcw Pnrh,Bki`dnrl`k, Ucxks, kle Lcw Gcrscy. Mut dkbtnrs `lbiue`lf tjc S.R. cbnlna`b sinwenwljkvc spurrce a`frklts, lcw kle kirckey cstkmi`sjce, tn pursuc nppnrtul`t`cs `l ntjcrstktcs.2

Ujc ecvkstkt`lf cddcbts nd Jurr`bklc A`tbj `l ;00: kle tjc sumscquclt cbnlna`b

sinwenwl wcrc tjc pr`lb`pki pusj dkbtnrs tjkt tr`ffcrce k wkvc nd Jnleurkla`frkt`nl. Ujc ak`l a`frkt`nl pusj dkbtnrs dnr lc`fjmnr`lf Ci Rkivkenr, Fuktcakik,kle L`bkrkfuk wcrc krace bnldi`bts, b`vì wkrs, kle bnultcr`lsurfclb`cs. @l tjc bkscnd Jnleurks, jnwcvcr, `ltcrlkt`nlki a`frkt`nl `s aubj anrc rcbclt8 :6 pcrbclt nd

@


19/98

= Vnrie Mklh Vnrh lf _kpcr

Jnleurkls a`frktce `l tjc ikst ;? yckrs. 5 Kbbnre`lf tn tjc Kacr`bkl Bnaaul`tyRurvcy (KBR) nd =??6, tjc S.R. Bclsus =???, kle rcsckrbj my tjc Auadnre Bcltcr,Jnleurks cxpcr`clbce tjc anst rkpè frnwtj `l tcras nd a`frklts drna ;00? =??? ndkii Ikt`l Kacr`bkl bnultr`cs (D`furc ;.;). Mcdnrc ;00?, =5.6 pcrbclt nd kii Jnleurklsa`frklts cltcrce tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Mctwccl ;00? kle =???, tjcrc wks tjc j`fjcstfrnwtj rktc (25.2 pcrbclt) nd àa`frklts tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs8 kle kdtcr =???, 5?.0pcrbclt icdt tjc`r lkt`vc bnultry. Vjìc @lst`tutn Lkb`nlki ec Cstkt st`bk (@LC) stkt`st`bskisn rcdicbt a`frklts nl kl `rrcfuikr stktus, tjc KBR bnuie jkvc ulecrrcpnrtceulenbuacltce a`frklts.

D`furc ;.;. Cvniut`nl nd S.R.-Jnleurks A`frkt`nl kle ]ca`ttklbc Dinws, ;03? =??6

Rnurbcs7 Frkpj cikmnrktce my kutjnrs mksce nl `ldnrakt`nl drna S.R. Bclsus, MBJ, BKA], Clfikle(=??4), kle _]NAP_C/FUW (=??6).


20/98

Ujc S.R.-Jnleurks ]ca ttklbc Bnrr enr 2

_r`lb`pic A`frkt`nl Dkbtnrs

Kbbnre`lf tn kl @LC stuey, 0; pcrbclt nd Jnleurkl a`frklts ca`frktce `l sckrbj nd gnms. Mut a`frkt`nl `s lnt kiwkys tr`ffcrce my tjc ikbh nd gnm nppnrtul`t`cs mut kisn my`lbnac e`ddcrclt`kis kle wkfc fkps dnr ulshìice ikmnr.3 @l tjc ecpkrtaclt ndNiklbjn, dnr cxkapic, mcdnrc ickv`lf Jnleurks, tjc akgnr`ty nd a`frklts jkecapinyaclt. C`fjty-l`lc pcrbclt nd akic ca`frklts jke wnrh. Kanlf dcakicca`frklts 5= pcrbclt wnrhce nutsèc tjc jnuscjnie wjìc 2; pcrbclt wnrhce `ljnuscjnies mcdnrc a`frkt`lf. Icss tjkl ; pcrbclt nd tjc pntclt`ki a`frklts wcrcinnh`lf dnr wnrh.4 Cssclt`kiiy, wnrhcrs bjnsc tn a`frktc tn scch mcttcr `lbnacnppnrtul`t`cs.

Rtrnlf snb`ki lctwnrhs mctwccl a`frklts kle tjc`r rcikt`vcs scca tn suppnrt kledkbì`tktc Jnleurkl a`frkt`nl tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Uj`rty pcrbclt nd Jnleurkljnuscjnies jkvc k pkrclt nr binsc dr`cle i`v`lf kmrnke wjn `s wìi`lf tn jcip k jnuscjnieacamcr tn a`frktc, kbbnre`lf tn tjc @LC.6 Ujcsc dkaì`ki, h`lsj`p, kle ctjl`b lctwnrhsprnvèc `ldnrakt`nl (kea`ss`nl pni`b`cs, wnrh nppnrtul`t`cs)8 kss`stklbc (jnus`lf)8kle d`lklb`ki rcsnurbcs (a`frkt`nl bnsts). Rnb`ki lctwnrhs rceubc tjc tntki bnsts nda`frkt`nl kle ecbrcksc `ts r`shs. Ujcsc lctwnrhs bnltr`mutc tn k bnlt`lu`lf prnbcss nda`frkt`nl tjkt jks `ts nwl eylka`bs `lecpcleclt nd pusj dkbtnrs subj ks tjcecanfrkpj`b kle cbnlna`b s`tukt`nl `l tjc bnultry nd nr`f`l. :

K akgnr`ty nd a`frklts mnrrnw anlcy drna dkaìy acamcrs nr dr`cles wjcl tjcya`frktc tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. K tj`re nd a`frklts mnrrnw anlcy drna tjc`r dkaìyacamcrs `l Jnleurks, dniinwce my ;2 pcrbclt nd dkaìy acamcrs `l tjc Sl tce Rtktcs.Kmnut ;3 pcrbclt nd a`frklts rcbc`vc brce`ts drna inbki iclecrs nr d`lklb`ki`lst`tut`nls tn d`lklbc tjc`r a`frkt`nl (Mnx ;.;). Kdtcr krr`vki `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs,a`frklts pky kl cstàktce SR$3?? anltjiy dnr scvcl tn c`fjt anltjs tn bickr tjc`r gnurlcy bnst. Kttrkbt`vc dule`lf krrklfcaclts akhc `t cks`cr tn rk`sc anlcy dnra`frkt`nl tjkl dnr prneubt`vc purpnscs `l Jnleurks.

]urki krcks jkvc j`fjcr ca`frkt`nl rktcs wjìc urmkl krcks jkvc tjc j`fjcrluamcr nd a`frklts `l kmsniutc tcras. @l rcikt`vc tcras (bnapkr`lf jnuscjnies w`tja`frklts tn tjc tntki nd jnuscjnies `l nlc ecpkrtaclt nr rcf`nl), tjc rurkiecpkrtaclts nd Bnil, Niklbjn, kle Pnrn jkvc tjc j`fjcst nutdinw nd `ltcrlkt`nlkia`frklts `l Jnleurks. Nl tjc ntjcr jkle, w`tj rcspcbt tn tjc kmsniutc luamcr nda`frklts my ecpkrtaclt, ikrfc luamcrs nd a`frklts jkvc bnac drna Bnrtcs (=;.6pcrbclt) kle Drklb`sbn Anrkzl (;3.6 pcrbclt). Ujcsc twn ecpkrtaclts krc bnlsècrce

tn mc tjc anst urmkl kle ecvcinpce rcf`nl `l Jnleurks.0 D`furc ;.= prnvècs k akpsjnw`lf tjc rcf`nls (ecpkrtaclts) nd Jnleurks.

Ujcrc krc anrc akic Jnleurkl a`frklts tjkl dcakic a`frklts. Kanlf tjcnvcrkii Jnleurkl pnpuikt`nl, 6?.5 pcrbclt nd a`frklts krc akic kle =0.4 pcrbclt krcdcakic. Kianst 4? pcrbclt nd a`frklts krc mctwccl =? kle 25 yckrs nie.;?

Jnleurkl a`frklts jkvc k j`fjcr kvcrkfc ceubkt`nl kbj`cvcaclt tjkl lnl-a`frklts. Kbbnre`lf tn tjc KBR =??6, 63 pcrbclt nd tjc Jnleurkl-mnrl pnpuikt`nld`l`sjce tjc j`fj sbjnni icvci nr inwcr. Mcdnrc ;00:, 35 pcrbclt nd tjc a`frklts jkekbj`cvce nliy k pràkry ceubkt`nl nr icss, r`s`lf tn 42 pcrbclt `l =??4. @l fclcrki,a`frklts drna Bcltrki Kacr`bk kle Acx`bn bnac w`tj tjc ickst ceubkt`nlkimkbhfrnule bnapkrce tn tjc Bkr`mmckl kle Rnutj Kacr`bk, mut Jnleurkls `l tjc

Sl`tce Rtktcs jkvc k j`fjcr sjkrc nd a`frklts w`tj tcrt`kry ceubkt`nl tjkl Acx`bklskle ntjcr Bcltrki Kacr`bkls. ;;


21/98

5 Vnrie Mklh Vnrh lf _kpcr

Mnx ;.;. Ujc K itcrlkt`vc ]ca`ttklbc kle A`frkt`nl Rystca

Dnur e`ddcrclt scrv`bc dulbt`nls `l tjc `ldnraki cbnlnay nd a`frkt`nl krc eci`vcrce tn sclecrs kle

mclcd`b`kr`cs nd rca`ttklbcs. Uj`s `ldnraki cbnlnay `s bnnre`lktce `l Jnleurks. @t `s cxpcbtce tjktmcbkusc nd tjc r`s`lf luamcr nd `rrcfuikr a`frklts, anrc a`frklts innh dnr tjc scrv`bcs `l tjc `ldnrakicbnlnay.

Ujc anlcy iclecr ( prcstka`stk ) icles anlcy tn k pntclt`ki a`frklt sn tjkt jc bkl pky tjc juaklsauffi`lf sbjcac ( bnyntc ). Kbbnre`lf tn `ltcrv`cws `l Ckstcrl Jnleurks tjc prcstka`stks `ltcrcstrktc vkr`cs mctwccl ;? tn ;3 pcrbclt k anltj. Mctwccl ;3 tn 5? pcrbclt nd a`frklts kppkrcltiy innh dnrtj`s scrv`bc. Ujc anlcy iclecr tkhcs ks bniiktcrki trkekmic kle lnltrkekmic ksscts nd jnuscjnies w`tj`ltcrlkt`nlki a`frklts.

Ujc juakl sauffi`lf sbjcac, pcrsnlki`zce my tjc bnyntc nr fuèc, mr`lfs tjc a`frklt tn tjc bnultrynd ecst`lkt`nl. Kppkrcltiy tjc akgnr`ty nd a`frklts wjn en subbcssduiiy cltcr tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs usc tjcjcip nd k bnyntc. Ujc pr`bc dnr scrv`bcs nd k bnyntc rnsc drna SR$5,??? `l =??4 tn SR$4,??? `l =??:euc tn str`btcr S.R. kea`ss`nl pni`b`cs. Kbbnre`lf tn tjc Lkt`nlki Bnaa`ss`nl dnr Mklhs kle @lsurklbc(Bna`s`l Lkb`nlki ec Mklbns y Rcfurns nr BLMR ) `l Jnleurks, tjc pr`lb`pki bnlbcrl nd d`lklb`ki`lst`tut`nls tjkt rcpnrt susp`b`nus rca`ttklbcs `s tjc rcfuikr trklsdcrs euc tn rca`ttklbc pkyaclts tnbnyntcs tjkt rklfc mctwccl SR$=?? kle SR$3??.

@l tjc bnultry nd ecst`lkt`nl, tjc a`frklt innhs dnr tjc scrv`bcs nd k v`kgcrn dnr scle`lf rca`ttklbcs `lbksj kle spcb`cs kle dnr muy`lf lnstkif`b prneubts.

Kt jnac tjc mclcd`b`kry lcces tn cxbjklfc tjc bksj rca`ttklbc eci`vcrce my tjc v`kgcrn `l inbkiburrclby. Dnr tjkt purpnsc, tjc mclcd`b`kry uscs tjc cxbjklfc rktc nd kl ulrcf`stcrce inbki anlcybjklfcr ( bkam`stk ). Ujc bkam`stk bjklfcs anlcy w`tj k sprcke nd ?.; tn ndd`b`ki cxbjklfc rktc._cnpic pky tjc kee`t`nlki pr`bc mcbkusc tjcy hlnw kle trust tj`s pcrsnl, kle mcbkusc tjcy nmtk`lqu`bh kle icss dnraki scrv`bcs tjkl krc prnvèce my kly d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nl. Uj`rty-d`vc pcrbclt ndrca`ttklbcs krc pkè `l S.R. eniikrs (BCAIK kle A@D, =??6).

Ujc prcstka`stk, bnyntc, v`kgcrn, kle bkam`stk akhc up tjc `ldnraki cbnlnay nd tjc a`frkt`nl kle

rca`ttklbcs akrhct. Kii dnur dulbt`nls bnuie mc eci`vcrce my nlc kle tjc skac pcrsnl s`lbc tjcy kiibnllcbt tn k b`rbuikr cbnlnay. Ujc`r kevkltkfc `s tjc`r hlnwicefc nd tjc bi`clt s`lbc tjcy sjkrc `lfclcrki tjc skac a`frkt`nl cxpcr`clbc, krc bnllcbtce tn tjc skac trklslkt`nlki lctwnrhs, kle eci`vcrpcrsnlki scrv`bcs `l k frnw`lf `ldnraki a`frkt`nl akrhct.

Rnurbc7 Cikmnrktce my kutjnrs

Mnx ;.=. I`lhs mctwccl Jnle urks @ltcrlki kle Cxtcrlki (@ltcrlkt`nlki) A`frkt`nl

Kbbnre`lf tn k stuey nl `ltcrlki a`frkt`nl kle ikmnr akrhct `l Jnleurks, `ltcrlki a`frkt`nl `secbrcks`lf euc tn `ltcrlkt`nlki a`frkt`nl. k @lvcst`fkt`nls nl inbki icvci `le`bktc tjc dniinw`lf pkttcrl7pntclt`ki `ltcrlkt`nlki a`frklts `l rurki bnaaul`t`cs wjn en lnt jkvc tjc ackls tn d`lklbc tjc`ra`frkt`nl tn tjc cxtcr`nr (tjrnufj rca`ttklbcs drna dkaìy acamcrs i`v`lf kmrnke, brce`t kbbcss nrscii`lf prnpcrty) d`rst anvc tn tjc anrc eylka`b rcf`nls dnr mcttcr pky`lf gnms. @ltcrlki a`frklts, dnrcxkapic, drna tjc ecpkrtaclt nd @lt`mub anvce d`rst tn wnrh `l tjc akquìk `leustry kle iktcr a`frktcetn tjc cxtcr`nr.

Kbbnre`lf tn kl `lvcst`fkt`nl kmnut a`frkt`nl kle tjc akquìk `leustry, 5; pcrbclt nd tjc capinyccsjkvc k dkaìy acamcr `l tjc cxtcr`nr wjìc =5 pcrbclt nd tjc akquìk wnrhcrs scle anlcy tn tjc`rdkaì`cs `l rurki Jnleurks. m Ln ektk `s kvkìkmic nl jnw akly akquìk wnrhcrs mcbkac `ltcrlkt`nlkia`frklts. Mut tjc Lkt`nlki Kssnb`kt`nl nd tjc Akquìk @leustry `l Jnleurks bnld`race tjkt `ltcrlkia`frkt`nl tn akquìk `leustry `s k d`rst stcp dnr `ltcrlkt`nlki a`frkt`nl. Ujc Kssnb`kt`nl jks mcclbkapk`fl`lf kmnut tjc r`shs nd a`frkt`nl w`tj tjc sinfkl Rtky w`tj Ss mcbkusc tnn akly nd `tsacamcr wnrhcrs rcfuikriy qu`t tjc`r gnms tn ickvc tjc bnultry. b

Rnurbcs 7k. SLKU-SLD_K =??48m. DNLKA@J =??6.b. @ltcrv`cw w`tj Jcke nd Akrhct`lf, Kssnb`kt`nl nd Akquìk @leustry `l Jnleurks (Akrbj =??:).


22/98


D`furc ;.=. ]cf`nls nd Jnleurks

Rnurbc7Vnrie Mklh.

Jnleurkl A`frklts l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs

Sltì rcbcltiy, tjc frnw`lf S.R. cbnlnay kttrkbtce a`frklt wnrhcrs drna nvcrscks,`lbiue`lf Jnleurkl a`frklts. Ujc pr`lb`pic puii dkbtnr dnr a`frkt`nl tn tjc Sl`tceRtktcs jke mccl tjc mnna`lf bnlstrubt`nl `leustry,;= kmsnrm`lf 56.0 pcrbclt nd akicJnleurkl a`frklt ikmnr. ;2 Jnleurkls krc anrc ecpcleclt nl tjc bnlstrubt`nl`leustry tjkl kly ntjcr a`frklt frnup l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. ;5

Cstàktcs nd Jnleurkl a`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs rklfc wèciy. Ujc =??6 KBRcstàktcs k Jnleurkl-mnrl pnpuikt`nl nd 52?,3?5 `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs.;3 Ujc @LCcstàktcs =54,??? Jnleurkl ca`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs `l =??4. ;4 Ujc BcltrkiMklh nd Jnleurks cstàktce tjkt tjc luamcr nd Jnleurkl a`frklts `l tjc Sl`tceRtktcs `s ln icss tjkl ;? pcrbclt nd tjc pnpuikt`nl, wj`bj wnuie kbbnult dnr 62?,???.;6 Ujc S.R. Ecpkrtaclt nd Jnacikle Rcbur`ty cstàktcs tjkt tjcrc krc 2??,???ulkutjnr`zce Jnleurkls `l tjc bnultry. ;: Ujc rktc nd `lbrcksc nd tjc ulkutjnr`zceJnleurkl pnpuikt`nl `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs wks nlc nd tjc frcktcst kinlf w`tj Acx`bn,Mrkzì, @le`k, kle Fuktcakik. Ujc ulkutjnr`zce Jnleurkl pnpuikt`nl `lbrcksce 6?pcrbclt `l tjc pcr`ne =??? tn =??6.;0 @lbrcks`lf `ldinw nd ulenbuacltce Jnleurkl

a`frklts jks kitcrce tjc Jnleurkl pnpuikt`nl `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Ujc pnrt`nl ndrcsèclts nr lkt`nlki`zce b`t`zcls ernppce drna 25 pcrbclt mcdnrc ;00: tn 5 pcrbclt `l=??4, wjìc tjc pnrt`nl nd a`frklts ulecr tjc tcapnrkry prntcbtce stktus (U_R) ernppce


23/98

4 Vnrie Mklh Vnrh lf _kpcr

drna 2= pcrbclt `l ;00: tn 2 pcrbclt `l =??4.=? Ucapnrkry prntcbt`nl stktus `s cxpik`lce `lMnx ;.2.

Ujc typc nd gnm dnr a`frklts rciktcs tn kfc kle iclftj nd stky `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs.Kbbnre`lf tn tjc KBR =??6, 65.6 pcrbclt nd tntki Jnleurkl a`frklts (b`vì`kl, kfcs ;4nr kmnvc) krc tjc cbnlna`bkiiy kbt`vc a`frklts (ikmnr dnrbc) `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs8 ndtjcsc, kpprnxàktciy 6? pcrbclt krc capinyce wnrhcrs. Ujc S.R. bnlstrubt`nl scbtnr=; capinys 2?.5 pcrbclt nd Jnleurkl ikmnr dnrbc (56.0 pcrbclt nd tjc Jnleurkl akicwnrhdnrbc)8 kle tjc scrv`bcs nbbupkt`nls kmsnrm 2?.; pcrbclt nd tjc ikmnr dnrbc (56pcrbclt nd tjc dcakic wnrhdnrbc). Bnapkrce tn ntjcr Bcltrki Kacr`bkl a`frklts,Jnleurkls krc tjc s`lfic anst ecpcleclt a`frklt frnup `l tjc S.R. bnlstrubt`nl`leustry, akh`lf tjca vuilcrkmic tn tjc scbtnrs vniktìc eylka`b ks cxpcr`clbce `ltjc =??: cbnlna`b br`s`s. Nliy ;: pcrbclt nd Jnleurkls, == yckrs kle niecr, wnrh `laceùa- kle j`fj-shìice ikmnr gnms.== R`lbc tjc akgnr`ty nd Jnleurkl a`frklts krcynulf pcnpic, kl àpnrtklt `ssuc `s rk`sce dnr pni`by akhcrs rcfkre`lf tjc i`lh

mctwccl a`frkt`nl kle tjc `lbclt`vcs tn nmtk`l k mcttcr ceubkt`nl `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs.Kbbnre`lf tn tjc KBR =??6, tjc pcr bkp`tk `lbnac nd k Jnleurkl a`frklt `l tjcSl`tce Rtktcs `s SR$;5,3:3. @l bnapkr`snl tn Acx`bkl, Rkivkenrkls, kleFuktcakikls, k akgnr`ty nd Jnleurkl a`frklts ckrl sàìkr `lbnac, mut jkvc pnnrcrsnb`ki scbur`ty kle anrc jnuscjnies mcinw tjc pnvcrty tjrcsjnie (=2 pcrbclt),pkrt`buikriy kanlf dcakic-rul a`frklt jnuscjnies (52 pcrbclt nd tntki).=2 Nliy 3.:pcrbclt nd kii a`frklts rcbc`vc `lbnac w`tj snb`ki scbur`ty mclcd`ts, kle 42 pcrbclt ndJnleurkls `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs en lnt jkvc kly jckitj `lsurklbc (tjc j`fjcst rktckanlf kii a`frklt frnups `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs). =5

Mnx ;.2. Ucapnrkry _rntcbtce RtktusUcapnrkry prntcbtce stktus `s frkltce tn ci`f`mic lkt`nlkis nd ecs`flktce bnultr`cs. @l ;00?, kspkrt nd tjc @aa`frkt`nl Kbt nd ;00?, tjc S.R. Bnlfrcss cstkmi`sjce k prnbceurc my wj`bj tjcKttnrlcy Fclcrki aky prnvèc tcapnrkry prntcbtce stktus tn àa`frklts `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcswjcl tjcy krc tcapnrkrìy ulkmic tn skdciy rcturl tn tjc`r jnac bnultry mcbkusc nd nlfn`lfkrace bnldi`bt, clv`rnlacltki e`skstcr, nr ntjcr cxtrknre`lkry kle tcapnrkry bnle`t`nls.

Ujc tkmic mcinw ìiustrktcs tjnsc bnultr`cs wjnsc lkt`nlkis `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs mclcd`t drnatcapnrkry rci`cd drna ecpnrtkt`nl.

Bnultry Rtktus Ektc Luamcrs `l =??4

Murule` U_R Lnvcamcr 5, ;006Aky =, =??0 2?Ci Rkivkenr U_R Akrbj =, =??;Rcptcamcr 0, =?;? =5:,=:=Jnleurks U_R Ecbcamcr 2?, ;00:Guiy 3, =?;? :;,:63I`mcr`k U_R Akrbj =6, ;00;Akrbj 2;, =??0 2,60=L`bkrkfuk U_R Ecbcamcr 2?, ;00:Guiy 3, =?;? 5,2?0Rnaki`k U_R Rcptcamcr ;4, ;00;Rcptcamcr ;6, =??4 2=5Ruekl U_R Lnvcamcr 5, ;006Lnvcamcr =, =??6 45:

Rnurbcs 7 @aa`frkt`nl Ekìy (www.ìw.bna)8 S.R. B`t`zcl kle @aa`frkt`nl Rcrv`bc (www.usb`s.fnv).


24/98


D`furc ;.2. Uypcs nd Nbbupkt`nls kle Jnleurkl Ikmnr Dnrbc l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs

Rnurbc7Kacr`bkl Bnaaul`ty Rurvcy. =??6

]cturl kle B`rbuikr A`frkt`nl

]cturl a`frkt`nl rcprcsclts kl àpnrtklt snurbc dnr inbki ecvcinpaclt `l Jnleurks,yct tjc r`s`lf luamcr nd ecpnrtkt`nls nvcrsjkenws `ts kbt`vc prnant`nl. Inbki stue`cskle d`lklb`ki `lst`tut`nls bnld`ra tjkt rcturlce a`frklts tn Jnleurks krc klàpnrtklt snurbc nd `lvcstaclt kle capinyaclt dnr inbki mus`lcss. Ujcy rcprcsclt, dnrcxkapic, ;; pcrbclt nd inbki mus`lcss `l tjc tnwl nd Ik Cspcrklzk, tjc bkp`tki nd tjcEcpkrtaclt nd @lt`mub , kle 4 pcrbclt nd mus`lcss `l tjc rurki krck nd Niklbjn. Aklya`frklts wjn rcturl tn Jnleurks en tj`s nl k tcapnrkry mks`s kle `l`t`ktc ka`frkt`nl bybic. =3 Kitjnufj tjc ecvcinpaclt àpkbt nd rcturl kle b`rbuikr a`frkt`nlnl snb`cty kle cbnlnay `l Jnleurks stìi rcqu`rcs k mcttcr ulecrstkle`lf, tjrcc ak`lpkttcrls nd rcturl a`frkt`nl jkvc mccl nmscrvce vniultkry tcapnrkry kle b`rbuikra`frkt`nl, tcapnrkry ikmnr prnfrkas, kle ecpnrtkt`nl. =4

Jnleurkl a`frklts en lnt lcbcsskrìy `ltcle tn stky pcraklcltiy `l tjc Sl`tceRtktcs. Akly a`frklts pikl tn rcturl jnac nr akhc drcquclt rcturl tr`ps tn tjc Sl`tceRtktcs tjus `l`t`kt`lf k b`rbuikr a`frkt`nl sbjcac (Ukmic ;.;). Anst rcbclt cstàktcs`le`bktc tjkt tjc luamcrs nd tcapnrkry a`frklts fn`lf tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs jkvc`lbrcksce my kl kvcrkfc nd ;?.5 pcrbclt kllukiiy. Nd tjc ;?.4 aìi`nl dnrc`fl mnrl wjnàa`frktce tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs mctwccl ;00? kle =???, kmnut =.2 aìi`nl rcturlcejnac. =6 Kbbnre`lf tn k rcf`nlki stuey `l Ckstcrl Jnleurks, 6? pcrbclt nd a`frkltsrcturl nl k vniultkry mks`s, wjìc 2? pcrbclt krc ecpnrtce. Kisn, : nut nd ;? a`frkltskrc pikll`lf tn rcturl tn tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Uwn-tj`res nd rcturlce a`frklts krc jckend k jnuscjnie, tjc akgnr`ty akic. Uj`rty-nlc pcrbclt skè tjcy rcturlce wjcl tjcykbj`cvce k icfki a`frkt`nl stktus, =: pcrbclt skè tjkt tjcy rcturlce wjcl tjcy skvceclnufj anlcy, kle ;= pcrbclt rcturl rcfuikriy dnr tnur`sa. =:


25/98

: Vnrie Mklh Vnrh lf _kpcr

Unur`sa `s kl àpnrtklt scbtnr dnr a`frklts trkvcii`lf mkbh jnac nl k rcfuikrmks`s kle k bktkiyst dnr inbki cbnlna`b ecvcinpaclt. Uwcivc pcrbclt nd Jnleurklsi`v`lf kmrnke trkvci jnac kt ickst nlbc k yckr.=0 Jnactnwl tnur`sa my a`frklts `secvcinp`lf `ltn kl àpnrtklt scbtnr nd tjc cbnlnay `l snac pikbcs kle prcscltsklntjcr nppnrtul`ty dnr inbki cbnlna`b ecvcinpaclt. Jnleurkls trkvcii`lf mkbh nvcrBjr`staks nr ntjcr jnièkys spcle kl kvcrkfc nd SR$=,=62 eur`lf tjc`r stky `l tjc`rjnac bnultry. 2? @t `s àpnrtklt tn lntc tjkt tj`s kspcbt nd b`rbuikr a`frkt`nl `s ià`tcetn enbuacltce a`frklts.

Ukmic ;.;. ]nutcs tn B`rbuikr A`frkt`nl _ni`by

A`frkltUjc Ssuki _ktj7Ak`ltk`l`lf t`cs tn bnultr`cs nd nr`f`l

Ujc ]nke Icss Urkvciice7Ak`ltk`l`lf t`cs tn bnultr`cs nd ecst`lkt`nl

_craklclt _rnv`s`nl nd rcturl `lbclt`vcs ]canv`lf e`s`lbclt`vcs tn b`rbuikt`nl7 Dicx`mic rcsèclby kle b`t`zclsj`p r`fjts

_nrtkmic mclcd`ts Kbbcss`mic @ldnrakt`nlUcapnrkry ]cstr`bt`vc tcapnrkry wnrhcr sbjcacs Dicx`mic kle npcl wnrh`lf krrklfcaclts7

Anrc dicx`mic bnltrkbts Npt`nls nd rc-cltry _nrtkmì`ty nd v`sks Muìe`lf shìis kle cltrcprclcursj`p

Rnurbc7Kfu`lks kle Lcwikle =??67 0.

Jnleurkls jkvc mcbnac tjc scbnle ikrfcst àa`frklt pnpuikt`nl kpprcjclecekle ecpnrtce my S.R. kutjnr`t`cs s`lbc =???. Nvcr :?,??? Jnleurkls wcrc ecpnrtce `l=??4 drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs kle Acx`bn, kle binsc tn 6?,??? `l =??6. Nd cvcry ;??Jnleurkls wjn ickvc dnr tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs `t `s bkibuiktce tjkt 6 pcrbclt cltcrrcfuikriy, ;6 pcrbclt `rrcfuikriy, 63 pcrbclt krc ecpnrtce drna Acx`bn nr tjc Sl`tceRtktcs, kle ; pcrbclt stkys `l Acx`bn nr Fuktcakik.2; Dnrty-nlc pcrbclt nd tjcecpnrtce a`frklts skè tjcy wnuie ickvc Jnleurks scvcrki tàcs ultì tjcy rckbjtjc`r ecst`lkt`nl. Ujc snb`ki kle ikmnr rc`ltcfrkt`nl nd ecpnrtce a`frklts `s k r`s`lfbjkiiclfc dnr Jnleurks.

Ujc kea`l`strkt`nl nd `ltcrlkt`nlki a`frkt`nl tjrnufj tcapnrkry ikmnrprnfrkas `s j`fj nl tjc kfclek nd pni`by akhcrs, mut `l`t`kt`vcs `l Jnleurks krc stìinl k sakii sbkic. Ujc Jnleurkl fnvcrlaclt `l`t`ktce twn pìnt kpprnkbjcs `l=??6/?: tn dkbì`tktc tjc j`r`lf nd Jnleurkl wnrhcrs dnr tcapnrkry ikmnr bnltrkbts.Nlc pìnt `s w`tj twn Bklke`kl mus`lcss kssnb`kt`nls `l tjc dnne `leustry8 tjc ntjcr `smksce nl k mìktcrki kfrccaclt mctwccl tjc Jnleurkl kle Rpkl`sj fnvcrlaclts. Ujcinlf-tcra nmgcbt`vc `s tn dkbì`tktc tjc klluki j`r`lf nd 5,??? wnrhcrs. Ujc cxpcr`clbcnd tjc Fuktcakikl fnvcrlaclt w`tj tjc`r @NA-kss`stce tcapnrkry wnrhcr prnfrkasscrvcs ks k rcdcrclbc. K tcapnrkry wnrhcr prnfrka nl k aubj ikrfcr sbkic jks mccllcfnt`ktce mctwccl tjc Lkt`nlki @leustr`ki Kssnb`kt`nl `l Jnleurks kle k mus`lcssdcecrkt`nl `l Bki`dnrl`k, `le`bkt`lf k e`vcrs`d`bkt`nl nd stkhcjniecrs `l b`rbuikra`frkt`nl sbjcacs.


26/98


D`furc ;.5. Unp ;? ]ca`ttklb c-]cbc`v`lf Bnul tr`cs `l IK B, =??6 (SR$ mìi `nl)

Rnurbc7 Vnrie Mklh _rnspcbts Frnup (=??0).Lntc7 ]ca`ttklbc ` ldinws tn Jnleurks `l =??: wcrc SR$=.: m ii nl (MBJ).

Nvcrv`cw nd ]ca`ttklbc Dinws

Jnleurks `s k rcikt`vciy ikrfc rca`ttklbc-rcbc`v`lf bnultry `l tjc IKB ]cf`nl. @l=??:, `l kmsniutc vniuac, Jnleurks rcbc`vce SR$=.: mìi`nl `l rca`ttklbcs, wj`bjakhcs tjc bnultry tjc c`fjtj ikrfcst rcb`p`clt `l tjc IKB ]cf`nl, dniinw`lf Cbuken rw`tj SR$2.= mìi`nl. 2= Ujc rca`ttklbc `ldinws tn Jnleurks kbbnult dnr 5.2 pcrbclt ndtjnsc tn tjc IKB ]cf`nl (D`furc ;.5).

@l =??6, rca`ttklbcs tn Jnleurks kbbnultce dnr =;.2 pcrbclt nd `ts FE_. Acksurcemy tjc rca`ttklbc/FE_ rkt`n, Jnleurks wks k tnp ;? rca`ttklbc-rcbc`v`lf bnultry `ltjc wnrie kle tjc scbnle ikrfcst `l tjc IKB ]cf`nl. 22 Ntjcr stkt`st`bs nl `ltcrlkt`nlkid`lklb`k i dinws tn Jnleurks suppnrt tjkt `ts cbnlnay `s ecpcleclt nl rca`ttklbcs.Ujc rca`ttklbcs/cxpnrt nd fnnes rkt`n wks 54.3 pcrbclt, kle tjc rca`ttklbc/dnrc`fl

e`rcbt `lvcstaclt rkt`n wks 2;0.; pcrbclt `l =??6.

Ukmic ;.=. Hcy ]ca`ttklbc ]kt`n (=??6)

_crbcltkfc

]ca`ttklbc/FE_ =;.2

]ca`ttklbc/Cxpnrt nd fnnes 54.3

]ca`ttklbc/Dnrc`fl e`rcbt lvcstaclt 2;0.;

]ca`ttklbc/Ndd`b`ki ecvcinpaclt kss`stklbc 34?.;

Rnurbc7 Vnrie Ecvcinpaclt @le`bktnr Ektkmksc =??0 (Vnrie Mklh) kle tjc Bcltrki Mklh nd Jnleurks.

Anst nvcrscks rca`ttklbcs tn Jnleurks nr`f`lktc `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. Kbbnre`lftn tjc @LC, 0;.5 pcrbclt nd rca`ttklbc sclecrs `l =??4 wcrc `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. V`tj`l


27/98

;? Vnrie Mklh Vnrh lf _kpcr

tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs, tjc rca`ttklbc sclecrs krc bnlbcltrktce `l Lcw Pnrh, Dinr`ek,Inu`s`klk, Ucxks, kle tjc Vksj`lftnl, EB actrn krck (T`rf`l`k, Akryikle, kleVksj`lftnl, EB).

Nvcr nlc-d`dtj nd kii jnuscjnies (=?.0 pcrbclt nr tntki nd 22?,02:) `l Jnleurksrcbc`vc rca`ttklbcs.25 Anrc tjkl jkid (33.4 pcrbclt) nd tjcsc jnuscjnies krc inbktce `lurmkl krcks kle 55.5 pcrbclt `l rurki krcks. Nd tjc jnuscjnies tjkt rcbc`vcrca`ttklbcs, 32.0 pcrbclt krc ice my k akic kle 54.; pcrbclt krc ice my k dcakic. Uj`s `sk rcikt`vciy j`fjcr kanult nd dcakic-ice jnuscjnies wjcl bnapkrce tn tjc tntkiluamcr nd jnuscjnies wjcrc 63.2 pcrbclt krc ice my akics kle =5.6 pcrbclt krc ice mydcakics.23 Kisn wjcl cvkiukt`lf rca`ttklbc rcbc`vcrs my fclecr, anrc wnacl (46.=pcrbclt) tjkl acl (2=.: pcrbclt) rcbc`vc rca`ttklbcs `l Jnleurks, wj`bj `s bnlbius`vcw`tj tjc dkbt tjkt anrc acl tjkl wnacl a`frktc.

]ca`ttklbcs bnlst`tutc tjc tj`re ikrfcst snurbc nd jnuscjnie `lbnac `l Jnleurkskle krc ikrfciy usce tn d`lklbc mks`b i`v`lf cxpclscs. ]ca`ttklbcs kbbnult dnr ;;.;

pcrbclt nd jnuscjnie `lbnac, dniinwce my 5=.5 pcrbclt nd skikr`cs, kle 24.= pcrbclt ndntjcr kbt`v`t`cs.24 Kmnut 6? pcrbclt nd rca`ttklbcs krc usce tn d`lklbc mks`b i`v`lfcxpclscs (dnne, bintjcs, jnuscjnie `tcas), kle ;= pcrbclt usce dnr ace`bkt`nls, 0pcrbclt dnr jnus`lf, 3 pcrbclt dnr ceubkt`nl, kle 5 pcrbclt dnr skv`lfs kle `lvcstaclts(D`furc ;.3).

D`furc ;.3. Ujc Ssc nd ]ca`ttklb cs (=??4)

Rnurbc7 BCAIK kle A@D (=??6).

Mks`b i`v`lfcxpclscs 6?.4%

Jckitj ;;.:%

Jnus`lf :.:%

Ceubkt`nl 5.0%

Rkv`lfs kle

`lvcstaclts 2.0%


28/98

Ujc S.R.-Jnleurks ]ca ttklbc Bnrr enr ;;

D`furc ;.4. ]ca`ttklbc @ld inws tn Jnleurks kle Ujc`r Frnwt j, =????:

55?.4365.?

643.2 :5=.2

;,;2:.

;,663.

=,2=:.=,34;.

=,:??.

2?%

22%

;?%

23%

34%

2;%

;?% 0%

?%

;?%

=?%

2?%

5?%

3?%

4?%

?

3??

;,???

;,3??

=,???

=,3??

2,???

=??? =??; =??= =??2 =??5 =??3 =??4 =??6 =??:

@lwkre rca`ttklbc dinws (icdt Pckr -tn-yckr frnwtj rktc (r`fjtSR$Aìi`nl

Rnurbc7 MBJ (=??0).

Ektk nl ceubkt`nl kle pnvcrty icvci nd rca`ttklbc rcbc`vcrs sjnws tjkt `t `s lntnliy tjc pnnrcst kle ickst ceubktce wjn rcbc`vc rca`ttklbcs. Kbbnre`lf tn k VnrieMklh klkiys`s, tjc kvcrkfc icvci nd ceubkt`nl `l rca`ttklbc-rcbc`v`lf jnuscjnies `lJnleurks `s j`fjcr tjkl `l lnl-rca`ttklbc-rcbc`v`lf jnuscjnies `le`bkt`lf k pns`t`vcceubkt`nlki scicbt`nl nd a`frklts. Klkiys`s nd tjc `lbnac icvci nd rca`ttklbcsrcb`p`clts `l Jnleurks sjnws k S-sjkpce e`str`mut`nl mctwccl `lbnac qu`ltìcs,wjcrc rca`ttklbcs rcb`p`clts krc dnule `l tjc mnttna kle tjc tnp `lbnac qu`ltìcs,wj`bj ackls tjkt tjc pnnrcst kle r`bjcst jnuscjnies rcbc`vc rca`ttklbcs `l tjc skacprnpnrt`nls kle anrc tjkl tjc aèeic-`lbnac jnuscjnies. @l `ts tntki`ty tjnufj, `tkppckrs tjkt rca`ttklbcs `l Jnleurks en inwcr pnvcrty icvcis kle `lcquki`ty.26

Kitjnufj rca`ttklbcs tn Jnleurks `lbrcksce tn ulprcbcecltce kanults `lkmsniutc luamcrs, =??3?6 skw k akrhce sinwenwl `l tjc`r frnwtj rktc. R`lbc =???,tjc vniuac nd `lwkre rca`ttklbcs tn Jnleurks frcw s`x-dnie, rckbj`lf SR$=.: mìi`nl`l =??: (D`furc ;.4). Kbbnre`lf tn tjc Bcltrki Mklh nd Jnleurks, tjc rca`ttklbc/FE_rkt`n jks tr`pice mctwccl =??; kle =??4, drna : pcrbclt. Lnlctjcicss, s`lbc =??3, ksinwenwl `l rca`ttklbc frnwtj rktc `s bickriy nmscrvkmic. Uj`s jks ice tn bnlbcrlskmnut tjc sustk`lkmì`ty nd rca`ttklbcs dinws kle tjc eklfcrs tjkt k ecpcleclby nd tjccbnlnay nl rca`ttklbcs a`fjt prcsclt.

Ujc enwlwkre trcle `l tjc frnwtj rktc nd rca`ttklbcs bkl mc cxpik`lce my tjcsinwenwl nd tjc S.R. cbnlnay, t`fjtcl`lf nd S.R. kle Acx`bkl mnrecr bnltrnis, kswcii ks ektk bniicbt`nl kbburkby. Ujc bnlstrubt`nl scbtnr `s tjc s`lfic anst àpnrtkltcapinyaclt scbtnr dnr Jnleurkl akic a`frklts, mut `s dcci`lf tjc cddcbts nd tjc S.R.sumpràc anrtfkfc br`s`s kle dkii`lf rcki cstktc pr`bcs. U`fjtcl`lf mnrecr bnltrnismctwccl tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs kle Acx`bn a`fjt kddcbt tjc krr`vki nd lcw a`frklts. Binsctn 6?,??? Jnleurkls wcrc ecpnrtce `l =??6 drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs kle drna Acx`bn,kitjnufj my dkr tjc ikrfcr pkrt nut nd Acx`bn. Klntjcr pnss`mic dkbtnr dnr tjcenwlwkre trcle `l rca`ttklbc frnwtj `s tjc kegustaclt dnr ektk bniicbt`nl. @t `s


29/98

;= Vnrie Mklh Vnrh lf _kpcr

pnss`mic tjkt rca`ttklbcs wcrc nvcr-rcpnrtce wjcl k lcw actjne nd ektk bniicbt`nlwks put `l pikbc kle kegustaclts wcrc sumscqucltiy akec.

Ujc Jnleurkl fnvcrlaclt jks kenptce k lkt`nlki pni`by dnr ca`frklts kitjnufj`ts àpicacltkt`nl jks mccl sinw. Kbbnre`lf tn tjc Jnleurkl kutjnr`t`cs, tjcfnvcrlaclt jks mccl clfkfce `l e`kinfuc w`tj lc`fjmnr`lf stktcs tn cxbjklfccxpcr`clbc nl a`frkt`nl kle rca`ttklbcs. Ujc Jnleurkl A`l`stry nd Dnrc`fl Kddk`rsjks act w`tj pni`by akhcrs `l Acx`bn tn e`sbuss strktcf`cs nl rca`ttklbcs klea`frkt`nl. Rkivkenr`kl kutjnr`t`cs kisn jkvc nddcrce suppnrt. Ujc A`l`stry nd Dnrc`flKddk`rs `s `l dkvnr nd pursu`lf k rcf`nlki (Bcltrki Kacr`bkl) strktcfy nl a`frkt`nlkle rca`ttklbcs, mut rcbnfl`zcs tjc àpnrtklbc nd ecv`s`lf d`rst k lkt`nlki pni`by dnrJnleurks (Mnx ;.5). Ujc pni`by `s k akgnr kttcapt tn muìe k v`s`nl nd tjc àpkbt nda`frkt`nl kle rca`ttklbcs dnr Jnleurks, kle kee dnbus tn drkfacltce `l`t`kt`vcs.2:

Mnx ;.5. Jnleurks Lkt`nlki _ni`by dn r Ca`frklts

]`s`lf rca`ttklbcs cltcr`lf Jnleurks kle tjc ksbcle`lf luamcr nd ecpnrtce Jnleurkls krr`v`lf kt tjclkt`nlki k`rpnrts kle ntjcr mnrecrs jkvc mcbnac `lbrcks`lf bnlbcrls `l Jnleurkl snb`cty. @l =??6, tjcfnvcrlaclt nd Jnleurks bnlbiuece tjkt tjcrc wks k lcce tn brcktc k lkt`nlki pni`by tn ecki w`tj tjca`frklt `ssuc.

Brckt`lf pni`b`cs kle spcb`ki`zce `lst`tut`nls dnr tj`s sumgcbt `s lnt ulbnaanl `l tjc rcf`nl nrciscwjcrc `l tjc wnrie. Acx`bn brcktce `ts @lst`tutc dnr Acx`bkls `l tjc Cxtcr`nr `l =??28 kle s`lbc=??5, Ci Rkivkenr jks jke k T`bc A`l`stcr w`tj`l `ts A`l`stry dnr Dnrc`fl Kddk`rs kttcle`lf tn tjc lccesnd `ts pnpuikt`nl kmrnke. @l =??3, k Lkt`nlki Rtrktcfy nl A`frkt`nl kle Lkt`nlki Kbt`nl _ikl nlA`frkt`nl wcrc sct dnrtj my tjc Kimkl`kl fnvcrlaclt `l bnnpcrkt`nl w`tj tjc @ltcrlkt`nlki Nrfkl`zkt`nldnr A`frkt`nl (Kimkl`kl Fnvcrlaclt kle @NA =??3).

@l Jnleurks tjc prnbcss nd ecs`fl`lf tjc lcw pni`by wks kisn ecicfktce tn kle bnnre`lktce my tjcA`l`stry nd Dnrc`fl Kddk`rs kle `lbiuece bnlsuitkt`nls w`tj ntjcr a`l`str`cs kle fnvcrlaclt `lst`tut`nls,enlnr kfclb`cs, b`vì snb`cty, ks wcii ks tjc pr`vktc scbtnr. Ujc strktcfy `lbiuece rk`s`lf kl `lvcltnry ndcx`st`lf prngcbts kle `l`t`kt`vcs ks wcii ks ecd`l`lf pr`nr`ty krcks kle prngcbts.

Ujc èck nd k Lkt`nlki _ni`by dnr Ca`frklts wks prcscltce tn tjc pumi`b `l Kufust nd =??6 wjclJnleurkl _rcsèclt Akluci Wcikyk kllnulbce tjc brckt`nl nd k T`bc A`l`stry dnr Jnleurkl ca`frkltskmrnke, sàìkr tn tjc Ci Rkivkenrkl cxpcr`clbc. Ujc d`lki pni`by wks prcscltce `l Gklukry nd =??:.

Ujc Lkt`nlki _ni`by dnr Ca`frklts bnls`sts nd tjrcc ak`l krcks7

;. Juakl`tkr`kl kss`stklbc kle scrv`bcs dnr Jnleurkl a`frklts `l trkls`t bnultr`cs, tjc bnultr`csnd ecst`lkt`nl tjrnufj bnlsuiktc scrv`bcs, kle upnl tjc`r dnrbcdui rcturl (`ltcfrkt`nl `ltn snb`cty kletjc ikmnr akrhct).

=. Icfki`zkt`nl nd Jnleur kl a`frkt`nl tjrnufj tjc lcfnt`kt`nl nd mìktcrki kfrccaclts dnr tcapnrkryikmnr sbjcacs, wj`bj wìi kiinw Jnleurkls tn wnrh kmrnke tcapnrkrìy kle nl k icfki mks`s.

2. ]ca`ttklbcs kle ecvcinpaclt. Akh`lf mcttcr usc nd rca`ttklbcs dnr tjc ecvcinpaclt nd tjcbnultry `s tjc ak`l purpnsc nd tj`s krck. Bniicbt`vc rca`ttklbcs sbjcacs, d`lklb`ki `lbius`nl, cxpnrtnd lnstkif`b prneubts, kle jnactnwl `lvcstaclt nd a`frklts krc gust snac nd tjc kbt`v`t`cspr`nr`t`zce `l tj`s krck.

Ujc Jnleurkl A`l`stry nd Dnrc`fl Kddk`rs `s tjc bnnre`lkt`lf kfclt dnr àpicacltkt`nl nd tjc Lkt`nlki_ni`by dnr Ca`frklts kle wìi tjcrcdnrc lcce tn wnrh binsciy w`tj tjc ntjcr stkhcjniecrs kleàpicaclt`lf kfclb`cs.

Rnurbc 7 Mksce nl tjc Lkt`nlki _ni`by dnr Ca`frklts ( _nit`bk Lkb`nlki ec Ktclb`l ki Ca`frkltc) kle `ltcrv`cws w`tjrcprcscltkt`vcs `l tjc A`l`stry nd Dnrc`fl Kddk`rs nl Kprì 6, =??:.

Ujc fnvcrlaclt nd Jnleurks ulecrtnnh tjc ksscssaclt nd tjc Bnaa`ttcc nl_kyaclt kle Rctticaclt Rystcas (B_RR) kle Vnrie Mklh Fclcrki _r`lb`pics dnr@ltcrlkt`nlki ]ca`ttklbc Rcrv`bcs `l =??6. Ujc fnvcrlaclt jks mccl clbnurkfce tnàpicaclt tjc rcbnaaclekt`nls nd tjc ksscssaclt (Mnx ;.3).


30/98

Ujc S.R.-Jnleurks ]ca ttklbc Bnrr enr ;2

Mnx ;.3. Fclcrki _r`lb`pics dnr @ltcrlkt`nlki ]ca`ttklbc Rcrv`bcs

Ujc fclcrki pr`lb`pics krc kàce kt tjc pumi`b pni`by nmgcbt`vcs nd kbj`cv`lf skdc kle cdd`b`clt`ltcrlkt`nlki rca`ttklbc scrv`bcs. Nmscrv`lf tjcsc pr`lb`pics, akrhcts sjnuie mc bnltcstkmic,trklspkrclt, kbbcss`mic, kle snule .

Urklspkrclby kle bnlsuacr prntcbt`nl

Fclcrki _r`lb`pic ;. Ujc akrhct dnr rca`ttklbc scrv`bcs sjnuie mc trklspkrclt kle jkvckecquktc bnlsuacr prntcbt`nl.

_kyaclt systca `ldrkstrubturc

Fclcrki _r`lb`pic =. @aprnvcaclts tn pkyaclt systca `ldrkstrubturc tjkt jkvc tjc pntclt`ki tn`lbrcksc tjc cdd`b`clby nd rca`ttklbc scrv`bcs sjnuie mc clbnurkfce.

Icfki kle rcfuiktnry clv`rnlaclt

Fclcrki _r`lb`pic 2. ]ca`ttklbc scrv`bcs sjnuie mc suppnrtce my k snule, prce`btkmic, lnl-e`sbrà`lktnry, kle prnpnrt`nlktc icfki kle rcfuiktnry drkacwnrh `l rcicvklt gur`se`bt`nls.

Akrhct strubturc kle bnapct`t`nl

Fclcrki _r`lb`pic 5. Bnapct`t`vc akrhct bnle`t`nls, `lbiue`lf kpprnpr`ktc kbbcss tn enacst`bpkyaclts `ldrkstrubturcs, sjnuie mc dnstcrce `l tjc rca`ttklbc `leustry.

Fnvcrlklbc kle r`sh aklkfcaclt

Fclcrki _r`lb`pic 3. Kpprnpr`ktc fnvcrlklbc kle r`sh aklkfcaclt prkbt`bcs sjnuie suppnrtrca`ttklbc scrv`bcs.

]nics nd rca`ttklbc scrv`bc prnvècrs kle pumi`b kutjnr`t`cs

K. ]ca`ttklbc scrv`bc prnvècrs sjnuie pkrt`b`pktc kbt`vciy `l tjc àpicacltkt`nl nd tjc Fclcrki_r`lb`pics.

M. _umi`b kutjnr`t`cs sjnuie cvkiuktc wjkt kbt`nl tn tkhc tn kbj`cvc tjc pumi`b pni`by nmgcbt`vcstjrnufj àpicacltkt`nl nd tjc Fclcrki _r`lb`pics.Rnurbc 7 Vnrie Mklh kle B_RR (=??6).

Lntcs

; ]ktjk kle ntjcrs (=??:).= @LC (=??6)2 Aksscy (=??:).

5 @LC (=??67==).3 @ldnrakt`nl nl wkfc fkp dnr ulsh iice rurki ikmnr s mksce nl `ltcrv`cws my _]NAP_C/FUW nlUrklslkt`nlki Mrèfcs `l Jnleurks kle Sl`tce Rtktcs.4 ]ER kle @E]B (=??6m733) Ektk krc dnr tjc ecpkrtaclt nd Niklbjn, Jnleurks.6 @LC (=??67;6): Aksscy (=??:).0 @LC (=??67=?).;? @LC (=??67=48=6);; Dk`glzyimcr kle Ipcz (=??6)8 KBR (=??6).;= Uj`s `lbiuecs bnlstrubt`nl, cxtrkbt`nl, ak`ltclklbc, kle rcpk`r nbbupkt`nls;2 =??6 KBR.;5 K bnapkr`snl nd bnlstrubt`nl pcra`ts `ssuce `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs w`tj tjc dinw nd rca`ttklbcstn Jnleurks sjnws tjc `ltr`ls b rcikt`nl mctwccl tj`s scbtnr kle tjc dinw nd rca ttklbcs.;3 Uj`s d`furc jks k akrf`l nd crrnr nd ;0,65=.


31/98

;5 Vnrie Mklh Vnrh lf _kpcr

;4 @LC (=??67 =2).;6 MBJ (=??6k7 3).;: Ujc ulkutjnr`zce rcsèclt pnpuikt`nl `s tjc rcak`lecr nr rcsèuki kdtcr cstàktcs nd tjc

icfkiiy rcsèclt dnrc`fl-mnrl pnpuikt`nlicfki pcraklclt rcsèclts, ksyiccs, rcdufccs, klelnlàa`frkltskrc sumtrkbtce drna cstàktcs nd tjc tntki dnrc`fl-mnrl pnpuikt`nl. Ujcrc krcià`tkt`nls `l tjc ektk `lbiue`lf kssusapt`nls kmnut ulecrbnult nd dnrc`fl-mnrl pnpuikt`nl `ltjc Kacr`bkl Bnaaul`ty Rurvcy kle rktcs nd ca`frkt`nl.;0 S.R. Ecpkrtaclt nd Jnacikle Rcbur`ty (=??0).=? MBJ (=??6m).=; Uj`s `lbiuecs bnlstrubt`nl, cxtrkbt`nl, ak`ltclklbc, kle rcpk`r nbbupkt`nls.== Dk`glzyimcr kle Ipcz (=??67 46).=2 Ujc S.R. lkt`nlki kvcrkfc pnvcrty rktc `s ;? pcrbclt. Ujc tjrcsjnie `s SR$;?,5:: dnr s`lficpcrsnl8 kle SR$=?,555 dnr k dkaìy nd 5 (KBR =??6).

=5 R`xty-nlc pcrbclt nd Fuktcakikl, 36 pcrbclt nd Acx`bkls, 32 pcrbclt nd Rkivkenrkls, 5=pcrbclt nd Mrkz i`kls en lnt jkvc jckitj `lsurklbc `l tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs. (Bkakrntk =??67 ;0).=3 Bjkptcr 5 f`vcs anrc ectkìs nd tjc r`s`lf trklslkt`nlki`sa kanlf Jnleurkl a`frklts. =4

Kllcbentki `ldnrakt`nl suffcsts tjkt tjnsc wjn krc ecpnrtce mr`lf i`ttic nr ln anlcy mkbhjnac.=6 Kful`ks kle Lcwikle (=??67 3d).=: ]ER kle @E]B (=??6m7 56, 43).=0 Nrnzbn (=??6).2? MBJ (=??:).2; DNLKA@J (=??:). @l =??4 30,?;2 Jnleurkl a`frklts wcrc ecpnrtce drna Acx`bn kle =5,452drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs nd Kacr`bk. @l =??6 2:,;44 Jnleurkl a`frklts wcrc ecpnrtce drnaAcx`bn kle =0,25: drna tjc Sl`tce Rtktcs nd Kacr`bk.2= Vnrie Mklh (=??:m).22 Ujc ntjcr tnp rcbc`v`lf bnultr`cs `l =??6wcrc Ukg`h stkl (53.3 pcrbclt), Anienvk (2:.2pcrbclt), Unlfk (23.; pcrbclt), Icsntjn (=:.6), Icmklnl (=5.5), Fuyklk (=2.3), Gnrekl (==.6),Jk`t` (=?.?) kle Hyrfyz ]cpumi`b (;0.5 pcrbclt) (Vnrie Mklh =??0m).25 @LC (=??672;).23 @LC (=??5).24 MBJ (=??6k).26 Dk`glzyimcr kle Ipcz (=??67 22, 2:, 05, ;??).2: @ltcrv`cw w`tj rcprcscltkt`vcs nd A`l`stry nd Dnrc`fl Kddk`rs, Kprì 6, =??:.


32/98

;3

B J K _ U C ] =

Ujc S.R.-Jnleurks Akrhctdnr ]ca`ttklbcs

j`s bjkptcr prnvècs kl nvcrv`cw nd tjc akrhct dnr rca`ttklbcs `l tjc Sl`tce

Rtktcs kle Jnleurks. @t suaakr`zcs dkbtnrs ectcra`l`lf tjc ecakle dnrrca`ttklbc scrv`bc, hcy prnvècrs, typc nd rca`ttklbc scrv`bcs, bnsts, icvci ndbnapct`t`nl, kle mkrr`crs tn cltry. Uj`s bjkptcr wìi kisn suaakr`zc tjc àpkbt nd tjcanst rcicvklt rcfuikt`nls nl tjc rca`ttklbc akrhct `l Jnleurks kle `l Sl`tce Rtktcs.

Rclecrs _rcdcrclbcs kle Hcy Akrhct _ikycrs

Drna `ltcrv`cws w`tj Jnleurkl a`frklt bnaaul`t`cs kle bnlsuiktcs, bnst `skppkrcltiy lnt tjc ak`l dkbtnr `l ecbè`lf jnw tn scle rca`ttklbcs dnr rca`ttklbcsclecrs. Ujc`r bjn`bcs krc `ldiuclbce my snb`ncbnlna`b, buiturki, kle `lst`tut`nlkircksnls, kle my tjc`r a`frkt`nl stktus. Akly a`frklts prcdcr us`lf tjc kitcrlkt`vcd`lklb`ki scrv`bcs tn bksj tjc`r bjcbhs (twn tn dnur pky bjcbhs cvcry anltj), pky mìis,kle scle rca`ttklbcs. ; Rclecr bjn`bcs krc `ldiuclbce my tjc dniinw`lf ak`l br`tcr`k7=

! fcnfrkpj`b prnxà`ty nd anlcy trklsdcr npcrkt`nl (AUN) `l tjc bnultry ndecst`lkt`nl kle kvkìkmì`ty nd pkyaclt inbkt`nls `l tjc rcbc`v`lf bnultry

! lnl-murckubrkt`b prnbceurcs dnr lnl-enbuacltce sclecrs! bnapct`t`vc nddcrs kle prnant`nls, subj ks inttcr`cs, Antjcrs Eky, Bjr`staks! cxtclece scrv`bcs jnurs! bnaaul`bkt`nl `l iklfukfc nd tjc bustnacrs! rci`kmì`ty kle k prnvcl rcbnre! qu`bh eci`vcry tàcs! nuticts w`tj bjcbh-bksj`lf kle mìi-pky`lf scrv`bcs.

Bnlvcl`clbc, bnst, kle inbkt`nl scca tn mc tjc akgnr dkbtnrs `l ectcra`l`lfrca`ttklbc bjkllci. 2 @t `s mci`cvce tjkt lcw a`frklts `ltcfrktc w`tj cx`st`lf e`kspnrkkle, f`vcl tjc`r rcikt`vciy inwcr icvci nd d`lklb`ki i`tcrkby, à`tktc rca`ttklbcmcjkv`nr tjkt jks wnrhce wcii dnr tjc bnaaul`ty `l tjc pkst. Kbbnre`lf tn kl`lvcst`fkt`nl kanlf AUNs `l Lcw Pnrh, bcrtk`l i`lhs tn ecst`lkt`nl bnultry kleàa`frklt bnaaul`ty wjcrc AUN `s inbktce icke tn tjc ena`lkt`nl nd nlc AUN `ltjkt spcb`d`b a`frklt bnaaul`ty. 5

]ca`ttklbc Urklsdcrs tjrnufj Dnraki @ltcrace`kr`csKmnut 0= pcrbclt nd rca`ttklbcs `l tjc S.R.-Jnleurks bnrrènr krc rcpnrtceiytrklsdcrrce tjrnufj dnraki rca`ttklbc scrv`bc prnvècrs (]R_s), kitjnufj `t `s j`fjiy

U


33/98

;4 Vnrie Mklh Vnrh lf _kpcr

pnss`mic tjkt snac `ldnraki trklsdcrs krc ulecr-rcprcscltce. @l tjc Sl tce Rtktcs,a`frklts usc pràkrìy ikrfc AUN lctwnrhs. 3 Ujcy krc kttrkbtce my rcikxcercqu`rcaclts dnr anlcy trklsdcrs ulecr SR$2,??? kle en lnt lcce tn prnvèc klydnra nd èclt`d`bkt`nl ulicss tjc b`rbuastklbcs krc eccace susp`b`nus. ]ctkìe`str`mut`nl nd rca`ttklbcs `l Jnleurks `s akec pnss`mic tjrnufj ;4 mklhs, =2 brce`tul`nls, 4 : dnrc`fl cxbjklfc murckus, vkr`nus a`brnd`lklbc `lst`tut`nls, 6 kle ntjcrbnaacrb`ki mus`lcsscs subj ks supcrakrhcts kle jkrewkrc stnrcs. Sskfc nd mklhskle cxbjklfc jnuscs krc dniinwce `l pnpuikr`ty my AUNs (Vcstcrl Sl`nl, AnlcyFrka,kle T`fn)8 brce`t ul nls8 : snb`cekecs d`lklb`crks8 kle a`brnd`lklbc `lst`tut`nls, wj`bj krcrcdcrrce tn `l Jnleurks ks Nrfkl`zkb`nlcs _r`vkeks ec Ecskrrniin D`lklb`crn (N_ED) nrNrfkl`zkb`nlcs _r`vkeks ec Ecskrrniin (N_E) .0 Ujc rnic nd pnstki scrv`bcs `l e`str`mut`lfrca`ttklbcs `l Jnleurks `s vcry ià`tce. Ujc rcak`l`lf rca`ttklbcs krc bjkllcice tnJnleurks `ldnrakiiy my v`kgcrns kle bnur`cr bnapkl`cs (D`furc =.;).

Akrhct sjkrc nd rca`ttklbcs bjkllcice my `lst`tut`nls lnt rcf`stcrce tn ecki w`tj

dnrc`fl cxbjklfc bkl nliy mc cst aktce. @ldnrakt`nl kmnut akrhct sjkrcs nd pikycrs `s

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