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The United States and the world. Foreign Policy : The plan a country follows for interacting with other countries. Foreign Policy Goals : maintaining national security, supporting democracy, promoting world peace, and providing aid to people in need. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The United States and the world
Foreign Policy: The plan a country follows for interacting with other
countries.Foreign Policy Goals: maintaining
national security, supporting democracy, promoting world
peace, and providing aid to people in need.
Both the president and Congress play roles in conducting foreign policy.
President’s PowersArticle II Section 2 of Constitution
gives president foreign policy powers.
President’s PowersMilitary Powers: The president can order the military into action, but
only congress can declare war.Treaty Making Powers: With advice
and consent of senate, president can make 3 types of treaties: Peace
treaties, alliance treaties, and commercial treaties.
Peace treaties: agreements to end wars.
Alliance treaties: when two or more countries agree to help each other for defense, economic, scientific, or other
reasons.Commercial treaties: economic
agreements between two or more countries to trade with each other.
(Senate must approve by a 2/3 vote)
More Presidential PowersThe president can also make executive
agreements, which are mutual understandings between him and the
leader of a foreign government.They also have the power of diplomatic
recognition which is the power to recognize or establish official relations with another
country by exchanging ambassadors.
Congress has powers too!Like:
1. The power to declare war.2. The senate must approve all
treaties3. Congress must approve all funding
for national defense (so policies cannot be carried out if congress
does not vote for the money to be spent)
CONFLICTS
The foreign Policy of the U.S. used to be one of isolationism, meaning that it tried to avoid involvement in
all foreign affairs.
Monroe Doctrine
1823-President James Monroe declared that the U.S. would consider any European meddling in the affairs of any country in the Western Hemisphere as unfriendly.
WORLD WAR I
In 1915 German submarines sunk a U.S. Merchant ship named Lusitania.
In 1917, Congress declared war on Germany.
WORLD WAR II
On December 7, 1941 Japanese planes attacked Americans at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The next day, the U.S. entered WWII.
AFTER WORLD WAR II, THE U.S. JOINED THE UNITED NATIONS ( We
will talk more about that organization later)
THE COLD WAR
After WWII, Russia and the U.S. remained as the world’s strongest nations. Russia became the USSR
when communists staged a revolution and their growing
influence was seen as a threat to world peace. This begins the Cold
War.
In 1947, President Truman announced the Truman Doctrine which was called the “policy of
containment” = sending economic aid to countries fighting
communism.
Communism also found a home in Cuba, where there was a
revolution in from 1949-1959.
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Soviet Union set up missile bases in Cuba. President John F. Kennedy showed tremendous
military strength, and the soviet union backed down and removed
its missiles from Cuba.
In 1950, Communist North Korea invaded noncommunist South
Korea. The U.S. government called on the United Nations to stop the
invasion. The U.S. and 15 other members of the U.N. helped
defend South Korea. In 1953, They hit a stalemate and they remain
separated today.
Vietnam War
Another country the U.S. feared may become communist. It began by sending economic and military
aid, and turned into a war with over 540,000 troops by 1969.
Modern American Foreign Policy
In the wake of the September 11th, 2001 attacks on the World Trade
Center the U.S. went to war in Afghanistan in hopes of fighting Al-
Qaeda and finding Osama Bin Laden.
A couple years later, in 2003 the U.S. went to war in Iraq to oust Saddam Hussein for supposedly
having weapons of mass destruction.
ORGANIZATIONS
NAT0
The North American Treaty Organization.
Most western countries are part of it. Meant to keep global peace.
EUROPEAN UNION (EU)
Alliance of 25 and growing European countries who share the
same currency, the euro.
Goals: Free movement of goods, labor, and capital(money)
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
Agreement between Canada, the Unites States, and Mexico.
Goals: To open up trade between the countries and encourage
economic growth.
WTO (World Trade Organization)
Set up in 1995 to supervise international trade.
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
an agency of the United Nations. Set up to lend money to countries
in need.
UNITED NATIONS
The U.N. is an organization that promotes peaceful coexistence and worldwide
cooperation.
Provides a place where the world’s countries can express their views about problems that
threaten peace.
The U.N. has no armed forces of its own but it does have a world court called the International
Court of Justice.