The Union in Peril 10 CHAPTER Overview Time Lines Transparencies Chapter Assessment The Divisive Politics of Slavery Protest, Resistance, and Violence

The Union in PerilThe Union in Peril1010CHAPTERCHAPTER

Overview

Time Lines

Transparencies

Chapter Assessment

The Divisive Politics of Slavery

Protest, Resistance, and Violence

The Birth of the Republican Party

Slavery and Secession

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SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4

THEMES IN CHAPTER 10


Immigration and Migration

Women in America

Constitutional Concerns

“Can we as a nation continue together permanently —forever—half slave and half free?”

Abraham Lincoln, 1855

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“Can we as a nation continue together permanently–forever–half slave and half free?”

Abraham Lincoln, 1855

What do you know?Read the quote above and answer the following:

• In Lincoln’s view, which is more important, abolishing slavery or having a unified country?

• Do you think American society today would be better or worse if the Union had peaceably broken up into two nations?

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Time LineTime Line1010CHAPTERCHAPTER

The United States

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1861 The Confederacy forms.

1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

1854 The Republican Party forms. Congress approves the Kansas- Nebraska Act.

1857 Chief Justice Roger Taney announces decision in case involving Dred Scott.

1850 Harriet Tubman becomes a conductor on the Underground Railroad. Congress passes Compromise of 1850. California enters the Union.

1859 John Brown attacks the arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

Time LineTime Line1010CHAPTERCHAPTER

The World

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1857 Mexico institutes a new constitution. Sepoy Rebellion in India begins.

1856 British engineer Henry Bessemer develops process to produce steel.

1853 Crimean War begins.

1852 South African Republic is established.

1851 Taiping rebellion in China begins.

1859 Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species is published.

The Divisive Politics of Slavery1

Learn About

the controversy over slavery in the territories.

To Understand

why the Compromise of 1850 was adopted.

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The Divisive Politics of Slavery1 HOME

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Key Idea

The issue of slavery continues to dominate U.S. politics in the early 1850s, despite the Compromise of 1850.

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Assessment

What was each region’s position on the following issues or how was each region affected by the following trends?

SUMMARIZING

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TREND OR ISSUE NORTH SOUTH

1. INDUSTRY AND RAILROADS Extensive industry and railroads.

Little industry and few railroads.

2. IMMIGRATION High immigration. Little immigration.

3. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Supported internal improvements.

Opposed internal improvements.

4. WILMOT PROVISO Supported Wilmot Proviso.

Opposed Wilmot Proviso.

5. SLAVERY IN CALIFORNIA Opposed slavery in California.

Supported slavery in California.

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After reviewing issues and events in this section that reflect the growing conflict between the North and the South, do you think there were any points at which a different action or leader might have resolved the conflict?

HYPOTHESIZING

Assessment1

• issues raised by the Wilmot Proviso, California’s statehood, and the Compromise of 1850• reasons for Northerners’ anger with the South• constitutional concerns raised by Southerners• the political impact of adding new free states

THINK ABOUT

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Assessment1

Did the North or the South win more significant concessions in the Compromise of 1850?

EVALUATING

• issues that were most sensitive in 1850• issues that had the greatest long-range impact• issues that might have been solved by other compromises• issues that would have affected the territories

THINK ABOUT

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Protest, Resistance, and Violence2

Learn About

the Fugitive Slave Act and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

To Understand

how the controversy over slavery became increasingly violent.

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Protest, Resistance, and Violence2 HOME

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Key Idea

Proslavery and antislavery factions disagree over the treatment of fugitive slaves and the spread of slavery to the territories.

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Assessment

What were the major events in the growing conflict between the North and the South?

SUMMARIZING

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1849 Harriet Tubman escapes slavery and reaches Philadelphia.

1852Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

1854Congress passes the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

1855Two governments are established in Kansas.

1850 Congress passes Fugitive Slave Act.

1856The sack of Lawrence and the Pottawatomie massacre occur.


Section

Explain how Uncle Tom’s Cabin affected the abolitionist cause.

RECOGNIZING EFFECTS

Assessment2

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Section Assessment2

Explain the concept of popular sovereignty and describe Northern and Southern reactions to it as a way of making decisions about slavery in the territories.

SYNTHESIZING

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The Birth of the Republican Party3

Learn About

the impact of slavery, immigration, and sectionalism on U.S. politics.

To Understand

why new political parties emerged in the mid-19th century.

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Key Idea

Many factors—including an increase in immigration and the collapse of the Whig Party—lead to a political split over the issue of slavery.

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Assessment

Which events led to the growth of the Republican Party in the 1850s?

SUMMARIZING

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Growth of theRepublican Party

Whig Party divides over slavery.

Know-Nothing Party divides over slavery.

Free-Soil Party opposes slavery in the territories.

Temperance advocates support Republicans.

Small farmers want land grants in the West.

Commercial farmers and manufacturers want internal improvements.

Bleeding Kansas angers opponents of slavery.

Caning of Sumner angers Northerners.

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How did the attitudes toward slavery held by abolitionists, free-soilers, and Know-Nothings differ?

CONTRASTING

Assessment33

• the ultimate goal of abolitionists• the reason free-soilers objected to slavery• what caused the split in the Know-Nothing Party

THINK ABOUT

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Assessment3

Imagine that you are living in a small town in Illinois in 1855. Write a flyer attracting people to a meeting of the new Republican Party in Illinois.

SYNTHESIZING

• issues that concern voters• reasons that people might want to leave their current political parties• signs that the Republican Party will be successful

THINK ABOUT

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Slavery and Secession4

Learn About

the increasingly divisive effects of slavery on national politics in the late 1850s.

To Understand

why the South seceded.

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Slavery and Secession4 HOME

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Key Idea

A series of controversial events heighten the sectional conflict and bring the nation to the brink of war under President Buchanan’s weak leadership.

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Assessment

How did the following six events sharpen the North-South conflict?

SUMMARIZING

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1. Dred Scott decision

2. Lecompton constitution

3. Lincoln-Douglas debates

4. Harpers Ferry raid

5. John Brown’s hanging

6. Election of 1860

Northerners feared that slavery would expand everywhere.

Divided the Democrats over slavery.

Highlighted the debate over slavery.

Southerners feared efforts to promote slavery rebellions.

Northerners found a martyr for the antislavery cause.

Led to Southern secession.

Event Result

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If you had been voting in the presidential election of 1860, for whom would you have voted?

FORMING OPINIONS

Assessment4

• each candidate’s views on slavery and other issues• each candidate’s experience and personality• each candidate’s ability to keep the country united

THINK ABOUT

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Assessment4

Do you think Lincoln made the right decision in choosing not to free the slaves immediately once the Confederacy had been formed?

ANALYZING ISSUES

• the number of states that had already seceded• the importance of the border states• possible reactions if he had freed the slaves

THINK ABOUT

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Chapter 10 Assessment

1. Describe the economic differences between the North and the South in the 1850s.

2. Explain why the Wilmot Proviso failed to pass in the Senate.

3. What were the major terms of the Compromise of 1850?

4. Compare the impact of Harriet Tubman and Harriet Beecher Stowe on antislavery attitudes in the North.

5. What were the basic provisions and results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

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Chapter 10 Assessment

6. Why did the Republican Party grow as the Whig and Know-Nothing parties declined in the 1850s?

7. Summarize the results of the election of 1856.

8. How did the Dred Scott decision affect slavery in the territories?

9. Compare and contrast Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen A. Douglas’s view about slavery in the territories.

10. Why was the South so upset by Lincoln’s election?

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Documents

The Union in Peril 10 CHAPTER Overview Time Lines Transparencies Chapter Assessment The Divisive Politics of Slavery Protest, Resistance, and Violence