The The Underground Underground

RailroadRailroad Information adapted to PP format by J. Arth 2009

Fact or Myth?Fact or Myth?II’’ll read aloud some ll read aloud some statements about the statements about the Underground Railroad. Underground Railroad. Raise your hand if you Raise your hand if you think the statement is think the statement is true.true.

Fact or Myth?Fact or Myth?Slaves made quilts and Slaves made quilts and sang songs with coded sang songs with coded messages to help messages to help runaway slaves.runaway slaves.

Myth!Myth!Myth: Myth: Slaves made quilts that had specific Slaves made quilts that had specific symbols – or codes – that helped slaves escape. symbols – or codes – that helped slaves escape. Slaves used the quilts since many of them were Slaves used the quilts since many of them were illiterate. illiterate. Truth:Truth:People in the 1800s, including slaves, made People in the 1800s, including slaves, made quilts. Sometimes these quilts had symbols in quilts. Sometimes these quilts had symbols in them, but they were not secret codes that helped them, but they were not secret codes that helped runaway slaves. Slaves could not have gathered runaway slaves. Slaves could not have gathered the material and make a quilt fast enough to help the material and make a quilt fast enough to help escaping slaves and escaping slaves did not escaping slaves and escaping slaves did not carry heavy quilts with them in their escape to carry heavy quilts with them in their escape to freedom.freedom.

Myth!Myth!Myth:Myth:Enslaved African Americans had many spirituals Enslaved African Americans had many spirituals like like ““Follow the Drinking GourdFollow the Drinking Gourd”” that contained that contained coded information that helped slaves escape. coded information that helped slaves escape. Truth:Truth:TThere is no evidence that spirituals were used to here is no evidence that spirituals were used to help slaves escape. If a song had given slaves a help slaves escape. If a song had given slaves a route to freedom, like the route to freedom, like the ““Follow the Drinking Follow the Drinking GourdGourd”” was supposed to have done, slave was supposed to have done, slave owners and bounty hunters could learn of it and owners and bounty hunters could learn of it and shut the route down. The song was written by Lee shut the route down. The song was written by Lee Hays and first published in 1947 after the Civil Hays and first published in 1947 after the Civil War had ended. War had ended.

Fact or Myth?Fact or Myth?

A lantern in a window A lantern in a window was a common sign was a common sign used to identify a safe used to identify a safe house along the house along the Underground Railroad.Underground Railroad.

Myth!Myth!Truth:Truth:The famous stationmaster John Rankin used The famous stationmaster John Rankin used this sign to signal that it was safe to cross the this sign to signal that it was safe to cross the Ohio River to his home. However, this was not a Ohio River to his home. However, this was not a common signal. If it had been, the slave common signal. If it had been, the slave catchers would have quickly learned of it, and catchers would have quickly learned of it, and used it to identify safe houses. used it to identify safe houses.

Fact or Myth?Fact or Myth?

All slaves who All slaves who escaped went to the escaped went to the North. North.

Myth!Myth!Truth: Truth: While many slaves aimed for free While many slaves aimed for free northern states and Canada, some escaped to northern states and Canada, some escaped to places like Florida to rural, isolated communities places like Florida to rural, isolated communities of blacks in the South. of blacks in the South.

Other MythsOther MythsMyth:Myth:The first The first ““stopsstops”” along the Underground Railroad along the Underground Railroad were found in the South. were found in the South. Truth:Truth:The Underground Railroad did not exist as an The Underground Railroad did not exist as an organization in the south. Slaves rarely received organization in the south. Slaves rarely received any help until they reached a free, Northern any help until they reached a free, Northern State. They had to reach freedom on their own, State. They had to reach freedom on their own, which they usually did by foot. which they usually did by foot.

More MythsMore MythsMyth:Myth:Many slaves escaped from the Deep South. Many slaves escaped from the Deep South. Truth:Truth:RRunaway slaves could not expect help until they unaway slaves could not expect help until they got to a free state. It was much more difficult for got to a free state. It was much more difficult for slaves in the Deep South to make it to freedom slaves in the Deep South to make it to freedom because they had much further to go and they because they had much further to go and they had to do most of the traveling by foot. Most had to do most of the traveling by foot. Most slaves who escaped were from states in the slaves who escaped were from states in the upper south where they had a better chance of upper south where they had a better chance of making it to free states. making it to free states.

Myth!Myth!Myth:Myth:There were distinct routes along the There were distinct routes along the Underground Railroad that slaves followed. Underground Railroad that slaves followed. Truth:Truth:The Underground Railroad was a loose network The Underground Railroad was a loose network of houses and people, and slaves reached their of houses and people, and slaves reached their destinations in different ways. If there had been destinations in different ways. If there had been one route that was used regularly, the slave one route that was used regularly, the slave catchers would have known about it and would catchers would have known about it and would have shut it down. There were probably almost have shut it down. There were probably almost as many routes as escaping slaves. as many routes as escaping slaves.

Myth!Myth!Myth:Myth:Slaves depended on others, like Harriet Slaves depended on others, like Harriet Tubman, coming to their plantation to help them Tubman, coming to their plantation to help them escape. escape. Truth:Truth:Slaves often planned and carried out their own Slaves often planned and carried out their own escapes, usually alone. escapes, usually alone.

Myth!Myth!Myth:Myth:Quakers were involved in the Underground Quakers were involved in the Underground Railroad because slavery was against their religion. Railroad because slavery was against their religion. Truth:Truth:Many were involved in the Underground Railroad, Many were involved in the Underground Railroad, including Levi Coffin who called himself the including Levi Coffin who called himself the ““Father Father of the Underground Railroad,of the Underground Railroad,”” however, not all however, not all Quakers were involved in the Underground Quakers were involved in the Underground Railroad. Many believed that it was wrong to break Railroad. Many believed that it was wrong to break the law to help fugitive slaves. Some Quakers had the law to help fugitive slaves. Some Quakers had even been slave owners themselves. even been slave owners themselves.

Myth!Myth!Myth:Myth:Many slaves escaped on the Underground Many slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad. Railroad. Truth:Truth:It is possible that as many as 100,000 slaves It is possible that as many as 100,000 slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad between escaped on the Underground Railroad between 1800 and 1865. However, this is only a tiny 1800 and 1865. However, this is only a tiny percentage of the slaves living in the South percentage of the slaves living in the South during this period. In 1860, there were nearly during this period. In 1860, there were nearly four million slaves in the South. four million slaves in the South.

ActivityActivityClick on the lantern to begin the Click on the lantern to begin the Underground Railroad ActivityUnderground Railroad Activity