The UN Millennium Development Goals

UNIT 4 AOS1 SAC2

Next SAC (2nd last!)

• Either 12th, 14th (HHD1) or 15th (HHD2) of Aug

• 30 marks

• 50 mins

• Practice SAC Monday 5th of Aug

Dot Points.....

• the eight UN’s Millennium Development Goals, their purpose and the reasons why they are important;

• the interrelationships between health, human development and sustainability to produce sustainable human development in a global context.

• the eight UN’s Millennium Development Goals, their purpose and the reasons why they are important;

• the interrelationships between health, human development and sustainability to produce sustainable human development in a global context.

Dot Points.....

• Describe the eight Millennium Development Goals, their purpose and reasons why they are important;

• Evaluate the progress towards the Millennium Development Goals; (targets and indicators)

• Analyse in different scenarios the interrelationships between health, human development and sustainability

Intro to MDG’s....

• 8 goals that all UN countries and international groups agreed to achieved by 2015.

• Vision that promotes human development as key to sustaining social and economic progress

• relies on creating global partnerships for development

Background

• At the UN Millennium Dev Summit in 2000, 189 nations adopted the UN Millennium Declaration

• It involved setting 18 targets and and 60 indicators that when reached would end extreme poverty world wide by 2015

• These targets and indicators are used to measure the achievements of these goals

• These goals where set from the outcomes of a UN conference in the 1990’s.

• commitment were made by developed and developing nations

• each year a report is published to track progress

Each goal

• Measurement

• Targets- What they want to achieve

• Indicators- How they know they have achieved it

For each goal

• Exact title

• Targets

• Purpose

• Importance

• Program

Homework

• Weebly

• Set up table/notes

THE GOALS......

? ? ? ?

? ? ? ?

THE GOALS......

GOAL 1- Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

GOAL 1-

• Importance:

• Program:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QigX7t3Ym-I&feature=related

Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

GOAL 2- Achieve Universal Primary Education

GOAL 2-

• Importance:

• Program:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5KSCJFQNcs&feature=related

•

Achieve Universal Primary Education

GOAL 2-Achieve Universal Primary Education

GOAL 2- Achieve Universal Primary Education

GOAL 2- Achieve Universal Primary Education

GOAL 3- Promote Gender Equity and Empower Women

GOAL 3-

• Importance:

• Program:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnEaiokuGs8&feature=related

Promote Gender Equity and Empower Women

GOAL 3- Promote Gender Equity and Empower Women

GOAL 4- Reduce Child Mortality

GOAL 4-

• Importance:

• Program:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6JvlzTMK5E&feature=related

Reduce Child Mortality

GOAL 4-Reduce Child Mortality

GOAL 5- Improve Maternal Health

GOAL 5-

• Importance: many people consider the day their child is born, the happiest day of their life. in the world’s wealthier countries, that is. In poor countries, the day a child is born is often the day its mother dies. the lifetime risk of dying in pregnancy and childbirth in Africa is 1 in 22, while it is 1 in 120 in Asia and 1 in 7,300 in developed countries.

• Program: a monitoring system to determine the cause of death in all recorded maternal mortality cases.

• Targets: 1- reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio. 2- achieve universal access to reproductive health

• Stats: more than half a million women die in pregnancy and childbirth every year, thats one death every minute

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v66jpL-NLLs&feature=related

Improve Maternal Health

GOAL 6- Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases

GOAL 6-

• Importance:

• Program:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jit29lIY21o

Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases

• Malaria

• HIV/AIDS

• TB tuberculosis

• HIV/Aids

• Measles

• Tetanus*

• Meningitis*

• Hepatitis B and C

• Cholera*

• Diarrhoea Diseases

• Pneumonia

Go back to your infectious disease

table

Fill in statistic column

GOAL 7- Ensure Environmental Sustainability

GOAL 7-

• Importance:

• Program:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjmc1URuThU

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_khs-lvmXg

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix-1XFQDlUU&feature=related

Ensure Environmental Sustainability

GOAL 8- Develop a Global Partnership for Development

GOAL 8-

• Importance:

• Program:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3DslUM25DU

Develop a Global Partnership for Development

NOW...

• YOU need to fill them in.....

• info about each goal

• why is it a MDG- purpose, importance

• targets- word association

• programs put in place

• UN websites only

• the interrelationships between health, human development and sustainability to produce sustainable human development in a global context.

• Sustainability is the consideration of how we can meet the needs of today without reducing the capacity of future generations

• human development is referred to as being able to enhance one’s capabilities, that is, what people can be and achieve.

SAC Information

• Date: Wed 15th Aug (9 days) Period 1/2

• Reasons

• purpose/importance

• How the achievement will produce sustainable human development

• How lack of progress will impact

Complete.....

• Case studies and questions related to each

• Weaving themselves Back into the afghan social Fabric activity 9.3a Questions 1 and 2

• Progress in Chibuto Millennium village impressed Japanese Journalists activity 9.3B Questions 1 and 2

GOAL ....

Purpose Importance/reason

discussing the interrelationships between health, human development and sustainability

impact that a lack of progress on this goal may have on health and human development

Practice Q’s

• Explain why is millennium development goal ....... important? (4 marks)

• Describe the purpose of this millennium development goal? (2 marks)

• Discuss the impact that a lack of progress on this goal may have on health and human development. (4 marks)

Practice Q’s

• Discuss how the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal ...... will produce sustainable human development by discussing the interrelationships between health, human development and sustainability (6 marks)

• Explain two reasons why it would be included by the United Nations as a Millennium Development goal (4 marks)

Prep Work/resources

• Keynote

• Practice questions and sample answers

• Case studies

• UN MDG’s reports

Goal 5 samples• Describe the purpose of this goals (2

marks)

EXAMPLE

The purpose of goal 5 is to reduce the number of women who die as a result of

complications experienced during pregnancy and childbirth and to increase

access to reproductive health services and family planning

Goal 3 samples

• The purpose of Goal 3, promote gender equality and empower women, is to raise the socioeconomic status of women in developing countries through ensuring that females have equal access to education.

EXAMPLE

• Describe the purpose of this goals (2 marks)

Goal 4 samples

• The purpose of Goal 4 is to reduce the number of deaths of children under the age of five (U5MR).

EXAMPLE

• Describe the purpose of this goals (2 marks)

• Explain why is millennium development goal ....... important? (4 marks)E

XAMPLE

Goal 1 samples

Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger is important. Both poverty and hunger have a significant impact on health and human development.For individuals and families living in poverty, they may be unable to afford food, water, adequate housing, health care and education. For a country, high levels of poverty reduces the capacity for the government to collect taxes that can be used to provide essential infrastructure such as clean water supplies, basic health care and educational opportunities. Employment opportunities are reduced, which traps people into a cycle of poverty and hunger. Poverty also brings about increased conflict due to the scarcity of resources. Poverty leads to unplanned or ill-timed births and rapid population growth. Poor people living in rural areas have the highest fertility rates and the largest families. Poor people have less access to information and services to space or limit their pregnancies in accord with their preferences.Poverty also contributes to environmental degradation. People in poverty lack the capacity to invest in the environment and do not have the political power to limit damage to local resources, resulting in issues such as nutrient depletion of the soil, deforestation and overfishing. Women and children are often most affected by both poverty and hunger. Good nutrition is important for building children’s immune systems and ensuring optimal health status. Healthy children can attend school and as young adults, secure good employment thereby reducing poverty. Hunger and undernutrition contributes to high levels of infant and under 5 mortality rates as children are much more susceptible to a range of communicable diseases. Hunger also means infants and children are likely to suffer from micronutrient deficiencies such as vitamin A, iodine and iron which increases the risks of suffering anaemia, blindness and stunted growth. Hunger also affects human development. Hungry children and adults do not have the energy needed to achieve optimal wellbeing and achieve their potential. Hunger reduces people’s opportunity to participate in their community and to have the necessary resources for control over their life.

• Explain why is millennium development goal ....... important? (4 marks)E

XAMPLE

Goal 1 samples

Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger is important. Both poverty and hunger have a significant impact on health and human development.For individuals and families living in poverty, they may be unable to afford food, water, adequate housing, health care and education. For a country, high levels of poverty reduces the capacity for the government to collect taxes that can be used to provide essential infrastructure such as clean water supplies, basic health care and educational opportunities. Employment opportunities are reduced, which traps people into a cycle of poverty and hunger. Poverty also brings about increased conflict due to the scarcity of resources. Poverty leads to unplanned or ill-timed births and rapid population growth. Poor people living in rural areas have the highest fertility rates and the largest families. Poor people have less access to information and services to space or limit their pregnancies in accord with their preferences.Poverty also contributes to environmental degradation. People in poverty lack the capacity to invest in the environment and do not have the political power to limit damage to local resources, resulting in issues such as nutrient depletion of the soil, deforestation and overfishing. Women and children are often most affected by both poverty and hunger. Good nutrition is important for building children’s immune systems and ensuring optimal health status. Healthy children can attend school and as young adults, secure good employment thereby reducing poverty. Hunger and undernutrition contributes to high levels of infant and under 5 mortality rates as children are much more susceptible to a range of communicable diseases. Hunger also means infants and children are likely to suffer from micronutrient deficiencies such as vitamin A, iodine and iron which increases the risks of suffering anaemia, blindness and stunted growth. Hunger also affects human development. Hungry children and adults do not have the energy needed to achieve optimal wellbeing and achieve their potential. Hunger reduces people’s opportunity to participate in their community and to have the necessary resources for control over their life.

• Explain why is millennium development goal ....... important? (4 marks)

• Rates of HIV infection can be significantly reduced through education and behaviour change.

• It is estimated that between 75 and 85 per cent of adults who are HIV positive contracted the infection through unprotected intercourse. As a result of a compromised immune system, an individual with HIV is susceptible to other infections or viruses such as pneumonia.

• Educating people about the risks of unprotected sex and the provision of condoms are cost-effective methods aimed at reducing the risk of HIV infection.

• Providing antiretroviral drugs to those infected with HIV enables individuals to stay healthy for longer and continue working to provide for their family.

• Maintaining the health of people infected with HIV is particularly important for women who are often the ones required to look after the sick: HIV-infected individuals can remain productive members of the community, women are able to continue working and girls are able to attend school.

• Also, the prevention of HIV will significantly reduce the number of children who are orphaned.

• Malaria is a preventable condition that contributes significantly to the burden of disease in developing countries. It is responsible for over a million deaths each year.

• Malaria is an infection caused by a parasite that is passed on from an infected mosquito. It causes fever, headache, diarrhoea and vomiting and, if left untreated, can disrupt blood supply to the internal organs causing death. Malaria can be pre- vented through the use of anti-malaria insecticide treated bed nets, the spraying of insecticides within homes and anti-malarial drugs. Stagnant water is a breeding area for mosquitoes, therefore, it is important to reduce or eliminate the still and often unclean water within the environment. Malaria is responsible for over one million deaths each year, of which 80 per cent are children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa.

• Simple, cost-effective methods of prevention can significantly reduce the transmission of the disease.

• Other diseases, such as tuberculosis, are vaccine preventable.

Goal 6 samplesEXAMPLE

• Health, Human development and sustainability are all interrelated, as without each other they may as well not exist. The case study ‘Weaving themselves back into the Afghan social fabric’ is primary evidence of this. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, Sustainability involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and finally Human development includes various aspects such as economic growth, capabilities, peoples empowerment, freedom etc. The case study shows that with a low level of health the people were unable to weave causing them to lose their income and in turn prevent human development and sustainability. This is because with the absence of health there is a loss of income, which prevents economic growth. Without health and a steady income these people are unable to progress in human development because in order for them to develop they need economic growth. Sustainability has also been proven to interrelate with health and Human development through this case study. The elder women educate their children to weave and they have learnt that it is important to educate the children before making them weave this is a sign of sustainability as these new skills and education will be passed on for further generations thus improving human development. This also expands their capabilities because with an education they are more capable of maintaining a healthy and fulfilling life. These three concepts interrelate to enable people to lead a productive and fulfilling life.

EXAMPLE

• Health, Human development and sustainability are all interrelated, as without each other they may as well not exist. The case study ‘Weaving themselves back into the Afghan social fabric’ is evidence of this. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, Sustainability involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and finally Human development includes various aspects such as economic growth, capabilities, peoples empowerment, freedom etc. The case study shows that with a low level of health the people were unable to weave causing them to lose their income and in turn prevent human development and sustainability. This is because with the absence of health there is a loss of income, which prevents economic growth. Without health and a steady income these people are unable to progress in human development because in order for them to develop they need economic growth. Sustainability has also been proven to interrelate with health and Human development through this case study. The elder women educate their children to weave and they have learnt that it is important to educate the children before making them weave this is a sign of sustainability as these new skills and education will be passed on for further generations thus improving human development. This also expands their capabilities because with an education they are more capable of maintaining a healthy and fulfilling life. These three concepts interrelate to enable people to lead a productive and fulfilling life.

EXAMPLE

• Health, Human development and sustainability are all interrelated, as without each other they may as well not exist. The case study ‘Weaving themselves back into the Afghan social fabric’ is primary evidence of this. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, Sustainability involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and finally Human development includes various aspects such as economic growth, capabilities, peoples empowerment, freedom etc. The case study shows that with a low level of health the people were unable to weave causing them to lose their income. and in turn prevent human development and sustainability. This is because with the absence of health there is a loss of income, which prevents economic growth. Without health and a steady income these people are unable to progress in human development because in order for them to develop they need economic growth. Sustainability has also been proven to interrelate with health and Human development through this case study. The elder women educate their children to weave and they have learnt that it is important to educate the children before making them weave this is a sign of sustainability as these new skills and education will be passed on for further generations thus improving human development. This also expands their capabilities because with an education they are more capable of maintaining a healthy and fulfilling life. These three concepts interrelate to enable people to lead a productive and fulfilling life.

EXAMPLE

Health, human development and sustainability are all interrelated, as they all impact and influence each other. The case study ‘Weaving themselves back into the Afghan social fabric’ demonstrates this. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The case study shows that with a low level of poor physical health the people were unable to weave causing them a loss of income. This impacts on their ability to provide for their and their families basic needs such as food, adequate housing and clean water. These are all necessities for good health. Being unfit for work also impacts on human development. Human development is the process of enlarging people’s choices and enhancing human capabilities (the range of things/skills people can be and do) and freedoms, enabling them to live a long and healthy life, have access to knowledge and a decent standard of living, and participate in community life decisions affecting their lives. Without health and being unable to attend work these people are unable to progress in human development as they are are not interacting in skill development and the community. This is the case with children not attending school due to ill health. They cannot develop their knowledge and skills to increase employment opportunities. Sustainability involves meeting the needs of the present population without compromising the future generations needs.Once the skills of the elder women have increase, they can teach their children to weave. They have learnt that it is important to educate the children before making them weave and this education will be passed on for further generations thus improving human development and health. This also expands their skills because with an education they are more capable of maintaining a healthy and fulfilling life. These three concepts interrelate to enable people to lead a productive and fulfilling life.

EXAMPLE

Lack of progress goal 2• The achievement of universal primary education is fundamental to achieving a level of human

development that can be sustained over time and across generations.

• Individuals must learn the knowledge and skills that are necessary to empower them to take control of their lives.

• Girls are often the group who miss out on education yet educating girls means, as mothers, they have the knowledge to enable them to make decisions about the importance of boiling water before drinking, of breastfeeding infants for as long as they can, of what constitutes a nutritious diet, of the importance of immunisation and undertaking preventative health behaviours. Educated women tend to have fewer children and have greater control over their fertility. This leads to improved health. Children are better nourished and will have improved immune systems making them less susceptible to infectious diseases and malnutrition which will improve health status.

• The transmission of HIV is reduced.

• Educated individuals are more likely to obtain employment and to earn a living which helps to break the cycle of poverty. Improved levels of education and employment therefore leads to increased human development by providing the skills needed to participate more fully in decision making processes within their community and within their country.

• Individuals are able to lead an improved quality of life and are more able to achieve their potential. Achieving universal education for all citizens means countries also benefit. Those who are employed can contribute to taxes which can be used to provide necessary infrastructure and services such as health care, free education, safe water supplies, roads and energy supplies. Improving the levels of education within a country also contributes to improved governance and a more stable political system. This in turn helps ensure sustainable human development.

EXAMPLE