The Ukrainian Weekly 1993-41

8/14/2019 The Ukrainian Weekly 1993-41

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1NS1DE:^ 60 years of The Ukrainian Weekly: an anniversary review - special

section beginning on page 5.^ Exhibit of Trypillian culture to open in New York - page 4. , L ,

T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L YPublished b y t h e Ukrainian National Association i n c . , a fraternal non-profit associationv o l . LXI N o . 41 T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOB ER IO, 1993 50 cents

Wary of "political games," Morozovrequests dismissal from defense post

by Marta KolomayetsKyyiv Press Bureau

KYYFv7 - President Leonid Kravchukrelieved Ukraine's defense minister, Gen.Kostyantyn Morozov, of his duties onMonday morning, October 4.

The dismissal came at Gen. Morozov'sown request, who said he does not wanthis army to be dragged into any "politicalgames. " Although general has beenunavailable for comment, sources in theDefense Ministry report that his decisioncomes in light of the polarized situationin Ukraine's Parliament and the tenseevents in Moscow.

The Ukrainian defense minister hasbeen attacked by Ukraine's hard-lineCommunists who over the past year haveaccused him of forming a policy tooindependent from Moscow.But democrats - 90 members ofUkraine 's National Council - protestedthe president's decree dismissing Gen.Morozov and appealed to him in a letterdated Oc:ober 6 to reconsider his decision.

"We feel that this decision will curbthe development of Ukraine's armedforces, and will evoke confusion, notonly in the Army, but among members of

G e n . Kostyantyn Morozovour society," said the letter."Morozov was one of the first, who

together with President Kravchuk sup-ported Ukraine's independence, and thisis why it was immensely difficult for thepresident to make this decision," saidYolodymyr Petrenko, chief of the presi

(Continued on page 22)

Defense Dep't delegation urgesUkraine t o give u p nuclear armsby Marta Kolomayets

Kyyiv Press BureauKYYiv - The United States believes

that Ukraine has a genuine security problem tha; will be solved once Ukrainegives up its nuclear arsenal, a U.S. goverhment official said in Kyyiv onThursday afternoon, October 7.

U . S . Assistant Secretary of DefenseGraham Allison told reporters the U.S.government feels that "nuclear weaponson Ukraine's territory, in fact enhance itsinsecurity, because of risks of accidents,unauthorized launches or some incidentbetween Russia and Ukraine." This isopposite of the view of some Ukrainianofficials, he added, who think thatnuclear weapons buttress Ukraine's security.in view of Sunday's events inMoscow, Mr. Allison said he was hopeful the continuation of the democraticprocess in Russia would allow Ukraine tolive in some degree of security, next doorto a reformed Russia.

"Therefore, these events make morelikely the fulfillment of Ukraine 's commitment to ratify START 1 and accede tothe NPT," he said during a news conference prior to his departure forWashington.

However, he worried that START would not be ratified in Ukraine'sParliament any time soon.

"There's no doubt that the process ofratification of START 1 has dragged outfor a long time and the process of theRada's fi.e., the Supreme Council's!preparations for elections risks a periodof paralysis in the Rada's politics," hesaid. Ukraine's Parliament had scheduledelections for March 27, 1994.

"But, in terms of Ukraine's interests,the period of prolonged uncertainty ordelay in the fulfillment of internationalobligations which the government ofUkraine has taken in ratifying START and NPT will not enhance Ukraine'ssecurity, it will only make Ukraineappear less responsible and thereforeundermine the strengthening of relationswith nations like the United States andmajor European countries," Mr. Allisonsaid.

He added that Ukraine risks losingS175 million appropriated under theNunn-Lugar agreement for technicalassistance in nuclear disarmament. Hesaid that only one obstacle remains to therelease of these funds: Ukraine must signan umbrella agreement which outlines


Clinton signs foreign aid billS300 million to beavailable for Ukraine

WASHINGTON (UNAW) -President Bill Clinton signed H.R. 2295,the foreign assistance appropriations actinto law as Public Law 103-87, onSeptember 30. Containing almost S13billion for bilateral and multilateral foreign assistance, the act appropriates S2.5billion of assistance for the new independent states (N1S) of the former SovietUnion. Of this amount, the act mandatesthat "not less than S300 million shouldbe made available for Ukraine."

Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), ranking minority member of the SenateAppropriations Committee's Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, was the authorof the provision on Ukraine during sub-committee consideration of the measure.

in his opening remarks to the Senateon the bill, Sen. McConnell stated:"in addition to the broad categories ofaid for the N1S, the chairman fSen.Patrick Leahy (D-vt.)J has agreed to myrequest that S300 million of the S2.5 billion be directed for use in Ukraine. amconvinced that Ukraine will play a central role in assuring the region's transition to democracy and free markets.

"Until May, U.S.-Ukraine relationswere somewhat strained by the single-minded focus on nuclear issues. This is acrucial priority and everyone, includingthe leadership in Ukraine, agrees thatUkraine should ratify and fulfill all obligations under the Nuclear Non-ProliferationTreaty and START 1. However, it shouldnot be the only issue addressed in thebilateral and multilateral agenda."With 52 million educated people,ports, a strong agricultural and industrialbase, Ukraine is well positioned to play amajor role as a global economic andpolitical power. But promising prospectsare complicated by serious problems.Chornobyl's radiation has contaminatedwater, land and the health of a wholegeneration. Troops returning from theBaltics need housing. Privatization, currency stabilization, defense conversionand nuclear dismantling the list ofurgent needs is endless. believe it is inour interests, the interests of long-termregional stability, to help."

During consideration of the bill, Sen.McConnell offered from himself andSens. Leahy, Bob Dole (R-Kan.), RobertByrd (D-W. va.) and Ted Stevens (RAla.) an amendment to prohibit assistanceto the new independent states if there is aviolation of territorial integrity of anyother new independent state, or an attemptto enhance their military capability, andthat one-third of the assistance shall beprovided to countries other than Russia.

in his remarks about the amendment,Sen. McConnell stated that "for severalmonths there have been reports ofRussian officers and soldiers becoming

involved in local border and ethnic disputes. Reports have ranged from theRussian military supporting separatistelements in Georgia, to their involvementin combat in Moldova and Tajikistan."He then quoted from a letter he hadreceived from Georgian President EduardShevardnadze who wrote that Georgia'sfuture is in danger because Russiantroops are "engineering a disaster."

The Kentucky senator concluded:"what we are saying by this amendmentis our assistance to Russia is conditionedupon the respect for the territorial integrity of the newly independent states." TheSenate approved the amendment.

Sen. Pete Domenici (R-N.M.) pro-posed an amendment to stabilize engineering and scientific institutes inUkraine and Russia as they strive to con-vert defense industries to civilian applications. Called the Ukraine7RassiaStabilization Partnerships, the pre gramwill provide not less that S50 million tothe secretary of energy for a program ofcooperation between scientific and engineering institutes in the new independentstates and national laboratories in theUnited States. The amendment wasapproved by the Senate.

On September 23, the Senate approvedthe bill with the provision for aid toUkraine by a vote of 88 to 10. The act thenwas referred to a House-Senate ConferenceCommittee to resolve the diffe rencesbetween the House and Senate passed bills.

The Conference Committee met onSeptember 27 and the earmark of S300 mil-lion for Ukraine immediately became themajor issue. Rep. David Obey (D-Wis.),


Miller confirmed asenvoy to Ukraineby Eugene M. iwanciw

U N A Washington OfficeW A S H I N G T O N - The Senate

Foreign Relations Committee onSeptember 14 favorably reportedon the nomination of WilliamGreen Miller to be ambassador toUkraine. The following day, inexecutive session, the Senate con-firmed Mr. Miller.

His nomination was considereden bloc with a number of otherappointments including those ofnew ambassadors to the FederalRepublic of Germany, italy, andSpain. The confirmation was byvoice vote.

The oath of office will be administered to Ambassador-designateMiller by Secretary of State WarrenChristopher at the Department ofState on October 13.


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2 T H E U K R A I N IA N W EEK L Y SU N D A Y, O CT O BER 10,1993 N o. 41Zlenko addresses United Nations

U N l T E D N A T l O N S - U k r a i n e ' sFore i gn Mi n i s t e r Ana t o l i y Z l e nkoappeared before the Uni t e d Na t i on ' sGeneral Assembly on September 30 inthe opening week of its 48th session, toreassert that Ukraine had begun dismantling its nuclear weapons, but reiteratingthat it would need large-scale financialassistance to complete the process.The first several weeks of each newsession of the General Assembly generally sees a parade of heads of governmentand state leaders, who propose the agenda for the new sessionThe foreign minister asked the dignitaries, "Where do we get the money todismant le and e l imina te the strategicnuclear weapons located in Ukraine?" Hea dde d , " Ac c ord i ng to our e s t i m a t e s ,approximately S2.8 billion are needed forthese purposes." He also expressed hisconcern for assuring Ukraine's nationalsecurity once the missiles are gone.Mr. Zlenko also voiced his concern forthe military servicemen who would nolonger have posit ions once the missileforces are liquidated.in a far-ranging speech, he went on toreassert that the Crimea was and wouldc on t i nue to be an integra l par t ofUkrainian lands and expressed his gratitude to the U.N. Security Council for sup-porting Ukraine in its controversy withRussia over possession of the territory.He warned the body tha t imperia lthinking developed over centuries doesnot vanish with a change in government,al luding to Russia 's continued harassment of the newly independent states ofthe former Soviet Union. He specifically

referred to instabil i ty in Georgia andcalled on the U.N. to help "bring the situa t ion back to a c our s e of se t t l ementthrough political dialogue."The foreign minister acknowledgedthe di re s i tua t ion of the e c onom y inUkraine, but reaffirmed the nation's goalof a market-oriented economy. He suggested that the Ukrainian diaspora coulds pur fo re i gn e c onom i c i nv e s t m e n tthrough its business and political con-tacts.Mr. Zlenko also said Ukraine is looking at the lightning quick development ofthe countries of the Pacific rim, such asindonesia and Taiwan, and sees them aspotential trade partners. "The process ofthe practical development of relat ionswith the ASEAN countries has been initiated. We see this grouping as potentiallyon e of the best trade and economic partners of Ukraine."Minister Zlenko also emphasized thenegative effect Ukraine's support for theU.N. action in the former Yugoslavia hashad on its economy. He said that in addition to the loss of Ukrainian life associated with Ukraine's deployment of militaryunits to support the peacekeeping effort,"Ukraine will suffer direct losses of morethan 4 billion U.S. dollars in the statesector alone."Finally, the foreign minister askedthat the United Nations forego the 58percent increase in c on t r i bu t i ons byUkraine to the U.N. budget adopted lastyear. He explained that Ukraine couldbetter utilize these monies to solve theoverwhelming problems associated withthe Chornobyl n uclear disaster.

Brzezinski comments on UkraineDr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, former national security advisor, and currently counselor atthe Center or Strategic and international Studies (CS1S) and professor at John HopkinsPaul Nitze School of Advanced international Studies, recently appeared on two newsprograms, "MacNeil-Lehrer News Hour (September 20) and John McLaughlin 's "Oneon One" (September 24), where he expressed his views on Ukraine in the context of ageneral discussion of ongoing transformations in Eastern Europe.The following are excerpts from Dr. Brzezinski's com mentary:9 On economic reform programs under current political conditions in Russiaand Ukraine: think that the advice we have been giving the Russians and the Ukrainians hascreated in Russia tremendous chaos, w ith people switching policies, going in a varietyof directions, and the so-called big bang in Russia has produced very limited privatization and a small capitalistic class which is essentially parasitic, it's not a classthat's investing and making the country grow, it's a class that's exploiting growth forits own benefit. And in Ukraine, we have essentially contributed to a stalemate bytelling them to reform but by not being w illing to help them....1 would say to the Russians and Ukrainians, you have to have a reform program, that

reform program has to be from the bottom up, but the government has to be engaged inthat reform program, directed economic growth to some extent on the Korean model, forexample, rather than on the Polish example, is what you people need....The Korean model involved essentially a directing role by the government, somegeneralized goals and targets being set by the government and then the governmentdeliberately using credit policy and subsidies to stimulte certain segments of the economy while at the same time creating a free market.

9 On the Clinton administrat ion's lack of policy regarding the new independent (non-Russian) states:...where 1 fault the Clinton administration the most in the case of the former SovietUnion is that it has neglected by and large the non-Russian states, thereby contributing to a vacuum around Russia which inherently enhances the imperial aspirations ofthose in Moscow who would like to have both an empire and a strong economyfinanced by us.

MacNeil-Lehrer News Hour, September 20.9 On the potential for the recreation of a Russian empi re :...1 don't think a world war with Russia is very likely at all. don't think Russia formany years is going to be a rival to the United States on the world scene. don' tthink Russia for a very long time is going to project outward any appealing ideology.But 1 think what is quite likely is that we are going to see a very intense effort torebuild the old Russian empire, to subde the newly independent states, to subvertUkraine, and thereby to recreate an empire which inherently will have to be dictatori

a l, probably poor because of the costs of empire, and perceived by its neighbors asaggressive. And that is, 1 think, a danger.9 On the potential for confrontation between Russia and Ukra i ne :Mr. McLaughlin: is Russia going to engage Ukraine in a war?


"Dniester" activists side with ParliamentMOSCOW - Russian President BorisYe l t s i n , in an i n t e rv i e w a i r e d onOstankino on October 1 specificallywarned f ighte rs f rom the " D n i e s t e r

Republic" and other armed supporters ofthe Russ ian Supreme Sovie t aga ins tspilling Russian blood in Moscow. Thats a m e day, Rus s i a n De pu t y P r i m eMinis te r Oleg Soskovets a l so warnedt ha t " Dni e s t e r " a c t i v i s t s and o t he re x t r e m i s t s may p r o v o k e b l o o d s h e d .Another deputy prime minister, viadimirShumeiko, told 1TAR-TASS that "criminal suspects from the Dniester battalion"are among those who "call the tune in thet Mos c owJ Whi t e Hous e . " (RFE 7RLDaily Report)Rally supports pro-democracy forces

K Y Y i v independence Square inthe Ukrainian capital was the site onOctober 4 of a public meeting in supportof pro-democracy forces in Russia. Theorganizers of the ral ly were the Kyyivcoordinating center of the Green Party ofUkraine, the New Ukraine coalition, theUkra i n i a n Re pub l i c a n Pa r t y and theLibera l -Democra t ic Par ty of Ukra ine .Speakers told ga ther ing it is t ime forUkrainian political forces to consolidatein order to avert similar occurrences inUkraine. A Green Party spokesman notedthat extremist groups similar to thoseoppos i ng P re s i de n t Bor i s Ye l t s i n inRussia exi s t a l so in U k r a i n e .(Respublika)Ukraine 's ex-communists back Rutskoi

K Y Y i v Representatives of severalpart ies picketed the Russian Embassyhere on October 2, and presented officials with petitions to both warring sidesof the neighboring count ry ' s government. However, it appears that the pro-testers supported the Parliament againstP re s i de n t Bor i s Ye l t s i n , in t ha t thea s s e m bl e d m e m be rs of the Ci t i z e ns 'Congress of Ukraine, the Socialist Partyof Ukraine, and the Party of Slavic Unitycalled for a lifting of the blockade on theRussian White House, a renunciation offorce , and acceptance of the RussianSupreme Court's rulings. (Respublika)Kyyiv denounces Abkhaz advance

K Y Y i v The Foreign Ministry ofUkra ine on Oc t obe r 1 de nounc e d theAbkhaz advance southward after the capture of the Black Sea resort of Sukhumi.Kyyiv said the advance is a violation ofthe a previously concluded ceasefire inthe region and said Russia had failed ini ts role as a media tor of the dispute .Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze

had visited the Ukrainian capital twice inrecent months to ask Ukraine to play therole of intermediary. (Reuters)Georgian welcomes Ukrainian presence

TB1L1S1 - On Oc t obe r 4, EduardShevardnadze, the embattled president ofGeorgia, offered comments on the largenumbers of irregular forces in his country. Mr. Shevardnadze accused Russianforces present in Abkhazia of intentionally destabilizing Georgia, and called theirpolicy of fomenting unrest and supplyingrebels with arms neo-imperialist. On theother hand, Mr. Shevardnadze welcomedthe presence of the irregular UkrainianNational Self-Defense (UNSO) forces,whom he considers helpful. (Respublika)Sociological poll results are released

KY Yi v T he s oc io l og ic a l ce n t er"Democratic ini t iat ives" on October 5released the results of its latest poll of400 Kyyiv res idents . S ixty-e ight fee lUkraine should retain its nuclear arms;22 percent are ca tegorica l ly opposed.Thirty percent support NATO member-ship for Ukraine as in independent entity,whi le a l ike number be l ieve Ukra ineshould maintain neutral i ty. Forty-eightpercent do not support the Massandraagreement ente red into by Pre s i de n tLeonid Kravchuk of Ukraine and BorisYeltsin of Russia, while 24 percent sup-port the pact. When asked about theirconfidence in Ukraine's government, 81pe rc e n t e xpre s s e d no c onf i de nc e inParliament, 55 percent no confidence inthe president, 69 percent no confidencein the Cabinet of Ministers. Seven percent have confidence in the S upre m eCouncil , 27 percent have confidence inthe president, and 8 percent have confidence in the Cabinet of Ministers. Sixtypercent said they would part icipate inelections of a new Supreme Council, and67 percent said they would vote in presidential elections. Twenty-five percent ofthe respondents sa id the s i tua t ion inUkraine would improve after the elections, 40 percent believe there will be nochange , and 16 percent said they weres ure t h i ngs wou l d ge t w o r s e .(Respublika)Former German colonist returns with help

SARATA, Odessa oblast - in orderto establish a textile workshop here, Prof.H a n s W e i s s h a a r of the H a m b u r gPolytechnica l Univers i ty brought 10sewing machines, material, needles andother supplies, valued at over 1 millionDM . Prof. Weisshaar was born in SvitloDolynske, Sarata district, which was thesite of a sizeable German colony prior toWorld War 1 1 . . (Respublika)

T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L Y FOUNDED 1933An English-language newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association inc.,a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302.

Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N. J . 07302.(lSSN - 0273-9348)Yearly subscription rate: $20; for UNA members - S10.Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper.The Weekly and Svoboda:(201) 434-0237, -0807, -3036 U N A :( 2 0 1 ) 4 5 1 - 2 2 0 0P o s t m a s t e r , s e n d a d d r e s sc h a n g e s t o:The Ukrainian WeeklyP.O. Box 346Jersey City, N.J. 07303

Editor-in-chief: Roma HadzewyczAssociate editor: Marta Koiomayets (Kyyiv)Assistant editor: Khristina LewStaff writers7editors: Roman WoronowyczAndrij Kudla WynnyckyjThe Ukrainian Weekly, October 10,199 3, No. 4 1 , vol. LXCopyright (g) 1 9 9 3 The Ukrainian Weekly


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No . 41 TH E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10,1993 interview: Respublika's Serhiy Naboka on press and censorshipby Roman Woronowycz

The Ukrainian independent information AgencyRespublika (UN1AR) celebrates its fifth anniversary thisyear, it has been a driving force in establishing a freepress in Ukraine, and its daily news releases fromUkraine are utilized by many Western news agencies.From a three-person operation in 1988, associated withthe Ukrainian Republican Party, it has developed intoan independent, multi-media press agency. Today, itconsists of four branches: the press agency; videoftelevision production; an analytical research department;and a press monitoring section.

Serhiy Naboka, 38-year-old editor-in-chief andfounder of Respublika, was in the United States recentlythrough a grant from the United States informationAgency. While here he spent a week as an intern at oursister publication, the Ukrainian-language dailySvoboda. The Weekly took the opportunity to interviewhim. Last week he discussed the development of thenews agency Respublika. This week we turn our attentionto his thoughts on press censorship in Ukraine today,and Mr. Naboka's earlier arrest for political activities.

Part want to shift gears now and talk about censor-

ship and the accuracy of the information you receive.Does official government censorship still exist?

in principle, yes. Censorship remains, it is of a different character, but it remains. There is less of it and it issofter. That's first. Secondly, the press centers of theCabinet of Ministers and the Supreme Council are inadequate. And the president's press center and his presssecretary do not work at all.

His press center has brought such a negative image ofUkraine to the public that 1 do not know why the president keeps those people, instead of explaining certainthings or pointing out news items, instead of calling ajournalist or many, they do the opposite.

Many times they simply do not inform the pressabout press conferences. Let 's say there are 100 correspondents who cover the Parliament, foreign anddomestic. Thirty will be told. Forty will not find out.And the rest will find out on their own.

Whom do they usually call?in principle, they should call everybody. But some-

times you call asking, let's say about when (PresidentLeonidJ Kravchuk is due to land returning from someimportant meeting. When will his plane arrive? "What,don't you realize that it's lunch now," replies the presscenter's director and hangs up.

So 1 call again and tell him that it takes us an hour toget to Boryspil Airport and contacts tell us the plane isdue in two hours. Could you confirm this? "1 don'tknow," he replies.

in this instance, we sent our correspondent anywayto meet Kravchuk, who had returned from some important conference, in the Crimea last spring, 1 think itwas. No other correspondents were there.

Kravchuk's press secretary comes up to our correspondent and asks, "Why did you come here?Remember that this will be the last interview you willever get with the president," he says.

What is this? We have to deal with this. Anotherthing, they openly demand bribes. am completely fedup with the president's press service. Okay, let's forgetabout me, FH deal with it. But other well-respected journalists have also suffered this business; if you want aninterview with Kravchuk, you must pay us an amount ofmoney or give the press cen ter a subst antia l gift.Corruption even at that level.

All the members of the Western mass media have hadto deal with this. All of them. do not want to revealnames, but they belong to some of the best and mostrespected agencies and firms.

Myself, 1 just ignore it. The head (of the press centerJis a member of the old cadres from Communist times.He worked his whole life in the Soviet press. He was aspeech writer, it's obvious who he was.

And how does he think? He realizes he has to makeas much money as possible. He knows sooner or later hewill lose his job.

Freedom House several months ago described theUkrainian press as partly free, on a par with Kuwait,Moldova or Oman. What are your thoughts on this?

agree that it is partly free. But Fve never been inKuwait and cannot read Moldovan, so 1 don't know howto compare it with these. But the situation in Ukraine let's take as an example Ukrainian government-run television. it is absolutely not free. am absolutely convincedof this because 1 saw it on my own when 1 did broadcastsfor Ukrtelefilm, a government studio that broadcasts filmsfor television. was doing some publicity work and didinterviews with several diaspora Ukrainian representatives, specifically with Ronya and Askold Lozynskyj andwith Mary Mycio. Afterward, 1 received feedback thatthey were criticizing the government and the president;that certain comments could not run. At the studio, oneproducer told me, after the Mary Mycio piece already hadbeen cut to almost nothing, that yet another sentence wasnot acceptable. So 1 pulled the whole piece.

But on the non-governmental commercial channels,we can do most anything. We are absolutely free. Wecan say what we want, including publicly unknowninformation, if the assistant director of the Bank ofUkraine calls to stop me from running a story, 1 don'tlisten to him if 1 so choose.

in (government! radio, the situation as a whole is betterthan television, even though it is controlled by the samepeople. Perhaps the people who work there are active to agreater degree and are younger, more creative.

The printed press is a mixed bag. The majority ofpapers are either associated with political parties orserve the interests of certain commercial structures thatbuy the paper and pay the editors. The editors are allrepresentatives of the companies, however large orsmall, and, of course, they support their political interests. And most of them, especially the largest of the

firms, are run by former Communists.We have a few papers that think they are completely

free. They in a sense are not free because they feel compelled to criticize those things that one might not criticize, or may even praise. There's a search for sensationalism. A search for something bad, for something black.As a result there is a perceptive anti-Ukrainian trend intheir reporting, regardless of the fact that the atmosphereof the publication is patriotic.

Some say the government uses its rationing ofpaper as a tool for censorship. What is the currentavailability of print and does the government withhold it at times?

Paper can be had if a person is a good businessman,with some money, a bit of a brain, and runs a goodnewspaper that is bought by people.

The paper released by the government in May wasstrictly for government and Parliament publications,although it was advertised as paper for all newspapers.

But paper can be found, 1 am convinced of this. PostPostup finds it, Kievskie vedomosti does. Case closed.These are newspapers independent of the government.Neither the government nor Parliament supplies themwith paper. They get it where they can.

The fact that many editors today ask for paper fromthe government is a result of old habits learned underthe Soviet system. They request paper from the government. The government gives it to them. Now this is nolonger a free newspaper. The circle closes. No paper,you do not put out a newspaper. With paper you have tolisten to that part of government that supplied it to you.

You spent some time in the Soviet prison system asa political dissident. What were the details of yourarrest?

From the time 1 was 14,1 was "anti-Soviet." My parents were always worried because 1 was constantly writing or reading something. After the Army, when entered university 1 saw up close what Soviet journalismwas, and this really bothered me. So like-minded friendsand 1 formed the Kyyiv Democratic Club. At first, wediscussed the political situation in friends' apartments.Then we began to put out a magazine, followed byleaflets criticizing the Olympic Games in Moscow, theAfghan War. We were caught in 1981 after some of thewomen in the group brought leaflets about the AfghanWar to a friend's apartment, where we were celebratinga birthday. As some of us left and entered the Metro, wewere arrested.

think they had been following us for a while. knowthat my phone had been tapped since 1972. Five werearrested. Four were sentenced to three years apiece. Wenever admitted any guilt. Nor did we appeal.

We sat in prison in Ukraine. The Politburo had madea policy decision to put the new dissidents with the murderers and the drug dealers, with an assortment of bandits. Their new policy was to separate the new dissidentsfrom the older ones. They wanted to isolate us fromtheir influence. But they couldn't do it.

Ukrainian independence Day celebrated in US. CongressUkrainian National information ServiceWASH1NGTON - The Ukrainian

Congress Committee of America(UCCA) and the Ukrainian AmericanCoordinating Council (UACC) onSeptember 23 co-sponsored an eveningreception commemorating Ukraine's second anniversary of independence.

The observance, held in the RayburnHouse Office Building, was sponsored bySens. Alfonse D'Amato (N.Y.), DennisDeConcini (D-Ariz.), Robert Dole (RKan.), Frank Lautenberg (D-N.J.), MitchMcConnell (R-Ky.), and Donald W.Riegle (D-Mich.); and Reps. David E.Bonior (D. Mich.), Richard A. Gephardt(D-Mo.), Benjamin Gilman (R-N.Y.),Robert 11, Michael (R-lll .), and LouiseMclntosh Slaughter (D-N.Y.).

Formally opening the reception andaddressing the crowd of over 150 guests,Askold S. Lozynskyj, president of theUCCA, stated that "over the past twoyears Ukraine has attempted to spread itswings." He emphasized that much hasbeen accomplished but much moreremains undone, "in this regard Ukraine

has sought the assistance of our own government. And while we fthe U.S. government) welcomed Ukraine's independence, Eitt treated independent Ukrainenot as a potential ally but rather as a temporary phenomenon..."

Questioning the United States' posturetoward Ukraine, Mr. Lozynskyjexplained that the U.S. has givenunequivocal moral and financial supportfor Russian President (BorisJ Yeltsin...despite imperialistic pronouncementsfrom Russia's leadership both fringe andmainstream."

Speaking during the same week inwhich the Foreign AssistanceAppropriations Bill passed and mandatedthat "not less than S300 million shall bemade available for Ukraine," Mr.Lozynskyj commended the U.S. Senate andin particular Sen. McConnell for attemptingto reverse the "Russia only" trend.

Mr. Lozynskyj closed his remarks bythanking all the guests for attending andassuring those gathered that "with yoursupport, Ukraine will continue to makeprogress and become and cornerstone fordemocracy at the crossroads of Europe."

Following his opening remarks, Mr..Lozynskyj presented the TarasShevchenko Freedom Award, the highestaccolade given by the UkrainianAmerican community to Sen. DennisDeConcini from Arizona. With the senator's decision not to run next term, the"Ukrainian American community is losinga dear friend in Congress," Mr. Lozynskyjsaid. He added that it was Sen. DeConciniwho initiated legislation on several keyissues; including the Millennium resolution in 1988 calling for the legalization ofUkrainian Churches and the independenceresolution of November 1991 urging theUnited States to recognize Ukraine's independent statehood.Sen. DeConcini sincerely thanked thecommunity for bestowing theShevchenko Freedom Award upon himand vowed his continued support for anindependent and democratic Ukraine, hethanked members of the UkrainianAmerican community for all of theirefforts in assisting Ukraine and theirefforts in Congress, making sure that no

(Continued on page 21) Sen. Dennis DeConcini


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4 TH E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10.1993 No. 41Trypillian culture exhibit at The Ukrainian Museum

NEW YORK - Anexhibition "Ukraine images from 5,000 to4,000 B.C.: Treasures ofthe Trypillian Culture"will open at The UkrainianMuseum on Sunday,October 24, and will be onview through Sunday,November 28. The exhibition traveled from Ukraineand is presented under theauspices of the Embassy ofUkraine and the ConsulateGeneral of Ukraine in NewYork City, it will featuremore than 160 archeological items of historical andartistic value from theTrypillian culture oneof the most importantEurasian cultures in theancient agricultural world.A bilingual brochure willaccompany the exhibition.

The Trypillian culturereceived its name from thevillage of Trypillia on theDnipro River in Ukraine,where the first discoveryof this ancient civilizationwas made 100 years ago.The excavated treasures, inthe forms of artifacts andremains of settlements, date the civilization to the Neolithic era. Archaeologistsdivide the Trypillian culture chronologically into three periods early, middleand late. The Trypillian culture traces itsorigin to regions of the EasternMediterranean and the Balkans, fromwhere the earliest forms of agricultureand livestock breeding spread throughoutNeolithic Europe. The territory of con-temporary Ukraine witnessed the synthesis of various ancient cultures, bothsedentary and nomadic, and from thisblend emerged the Trypillian culture.

As early as 5,000 B.C. the Trypillianslived in the central region west of theDnister River, as well as around thesouthern part of the River Buh.Gradually, these tribes settled the landsof the upper Dnister River, volhynia, thecentral region bordering the Dnipro Riverand some areas of the Left Bank region.More than 2,000 settlements have beenfound near rivers and other watersources, and they consisted of livingareas and burial mounds.

Trypillians built their villages in a circle formation, enclosing a large centralarea which, during the early period of theculture, served as a herding pen fordomesticated livestock. Later periodssaw large community buildings built onthis common ground, which was alsoused for cult rituals, dances and games.This circular arrangement, similar to theAfrican "kraal," also provided for a better defense of the settlement. A typicaldwelling in such a settlement was a rectangular structure supported by stoutwooden posts and covered with clay, ithad somewhat elongated proportions,with several living quarters, whichhoused two to three families, in additionto these houses, archaeologists excavatedmany pit dwellings as well as some claymodels of two-storied houses which mayhave been either domestic structures, culttemples or cremation platforms. The claymodels are finely detailed, showing theconstruction of the buildings as well astheir interiors.

An average community of theTrypillian culture was made up of severalhundred people, in the Middle Trypillianperiod these communities were muchlarger, utilizing extensive land areas andsupporting a populations of over 10,000.Most dwellings, which also contained

Upper part of female statuette with long hair. Terracotta. 10.5 cm. Excavated in the village ofMaydanetske, 3750-3500 B.C. From the collection ofthe institute of Archaeology? Academy of Sciences,

Ukraine.storage areas and workshops, were two-storied and built against each other toform a fortification wall.

The excavations also unearthed thousands of charred dwellings in the centerof which were found pottery, clay statuettes, grain, human and animal bones.Based on current theory, it is believedthat the Trypillians adhered to a uniquecycle of existence; they would build asettlement to be used for 60-80 years,burn it and leave it as an offering to thedead and then move on to create anothersettlement. This practice, known also inolder civilizations, demanded anextremely well coordinated, centrallyorganized society.

The main occupations of theTrypillian people were agriculture andcattle breeding. They harvested wheat,barley, millet and flax. Although metal(copper) was already known, their everyday tools were still made of stone.

Trypillian pottery is the culture's mostidentifiable trademark. The elegance ofthe forms and the polychrome designsindicate a high level of sophistication inthe process of clay preparation, firing anddecoration. Pottery was made by hand

without the use of a potter's wheel. Atfirst, three colors of paint were used forthe designs white, red and black,while later, at the end of the middle period of the Trypillian culture, black predominated. variations in the styles ofornamentation can be attributed to specific potterymaking centers.

On some pieces of pottery, the impressions of woven textiles were found. Theimprints, sometimes very fine, indicate avery highly developed weaving technology and ihe availability of linen clothing.

The ancient people's concept andunderstanding of life and of the universewas governed by mythological beliefs,and this was reflected in everything theycreated; nothing was inconsequential,random or negligible, everything had ameaning and purpose. The designs theyused on their pottery reflected in symbolic patterns and stylized pictures their concept of life, nature, the spiritual worldand the universe.

Archeological excavations also yielded thousands of anthropomorphic claystatuettes which, scholars believe, playedan important role in various cult rites andrituals, especially those associated withthe sun, spring and fertility. Most common are statuettes of the female form.Other, zoomorphic, statuettes, were ofwild or domestic animals, among themthe bear, bull and ram, which were heldin high esteem by the Trypillians.

The Trypillian culture yields the firsttangible record of ancient prehistory onthe territory of contemporary Ukraine.Overall, the Trypillians played an important role in the development of Europeancivilization, and together with all theother peoples who lived on these lands forthousands of years, contributed greatly tothe evolvement of Ukrainian culture.

The exhibition has been organized bythe institute of Archaeology of theAcademy of Sciences of Ukraine, theUkrainian Society for the Preservation ofthe Historical and Cultural Heritage andthe Center for the Study of HistoricalMonuments at the Academy of Sciencesof Ukraine, its main sponsor in theUnited States is the Christina CzorpitaGallery in Philadelphia, with co-sponsor,the Ukrainian National Credit UnionAssociation of Chicago.

At The Ukrainian Museum the exhibition is sponsored by the UkrainianNational Association.

The Ukrainian Museum is located at203 Second Ave., (between 12th and13th streets), and is open to the publicWednesday - Sunday, 1-5 p.m.

Model of a two-story house, village of Rozsochuvatka, 3750-3500 B.C. Excavatedby O. Cvek. From the collection of the institute of Archaeology, Academy of

Sciences, Ukraine.

Contemporary artfrom Ukraineexhibited in Polandby Oksana Zakydalsky

TORONTO - "My trip to Ukrainewas for me a revelation, it allowed me tosee new tendencies in art about which had not heard and, at the same time, itprovoked me to act." Such was the reaction of Jurij Onuch after his trip toUkraine in 1991. invited to be a memberof the jury for the Lviv Biennale, he realized, after meeting artist Yasyl Bazhaywhose works had been rejected for theBiennale because they were "too big,"that the Lviv exhibit did not give an adequate overview of the state of visual artsin Ukraine himself.

After meeting other innovative artists,mostly through referrals by HalynaSklarenko of the institute of Art in Kyyiv,Mr. Onuch decided to organize an exhibitof contemporary art of Ukraine.

Primarily a performance artist, Mr.Onuch, has lived in Toronto since 1987but was, in the early 1980s, an activemember of the artistic avant garde inWarsaw. Through his connections inWarsaw, he was able to interest thePolish Ministry of Culture in sponsoringsuch an exhibit.

Why organize, from Toronto, an exhibitof art from Ukraine to be held in Warsaw?

"Living in a calmer part of the world,in some comfort, we can take the initiative in projects which, at this time, donot seem so important in Ukraine wheresomething needs to be done almost inevery phase of life. Some people say thatfor art and culture the time will comelater. Probably so, but we should realizethat by that time Ukrainian culture maybe limited to soap operas with a Kozakin the main role...or even worse," Mr.Onuch replied, in order to find new talent, someone has to seize the initiative.

On October 1, the exhibit of new artfrom Ukraine - called "The Steppes ofEurope" - is opening at the WarsawCenter for Contemporary Art for a five-week run. it features 12 artists living andworking in Ukraine, ranging in age fromtheir late 20s to early 40s.

According to Mr. Onuch, who is thecurator of the show, the artists chosenare ones whose work to date "reveals athriving individualism as well as adynamism that is yet to flower to itsfullest expression," and are representa. tive of what is, in his opinion, the mostprogressive art in Ukraine. The exhibition includes about 50 works - mostlypainting but also sculpture-installation,mixed media and video.

A conference on Polish-Ukrainianrelations is being held at the same time atwhich art historian Myoslava Mudrak,University of Ohio, will speak on con-temporary Ukrainian art.

Writing last year in ARTnews(October 1992) on post-perostroika art,Konstantine Akinsha pointed out theemergence of Kyyiv as a center.of con-temporary art distinct from Moscow. Hefocused on the so-called Paris Communegroup in Kyyiv, gathered around criticAlexander Soloviev and the Warsawexhibit will feature a number of them.Arsen Savadov and Heorhiy Senchenkoare preparing a video piece andOleksander Roitburd from Odessa willhave several oils at the show.

Unfortunately, the artist many considered the most talented and promising inKyyiv - Oleh Holosiy - whom Mr.Onuch had earmarked to be the star ofthe Warsaw show, died tragically at thebeginning of this year aged only 26. Hewill be represented by only one canvas.



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NO . 41 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1993 5

T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L YSix decades

Born of the needs of a new generation of Ukrainian Americans and the mission of telling the world about the Great Famine in Ukraine that had alreadydecimated the populace, The Ukrainian Weekly published its inaugural issue60 years ago, on October 6, 1933.it appeared as a four-page tabloid-format supplement to the Friday editionof Svoboda, the 40-year-old Ukrainian-language daily newspaper published bythe Ukrainian National Association. The UNA, it should be noted, was a fraternal organization founded in 1894 to cater to the needs of recently arrivedUkrainian immigrants to this country and their progeny. Thus, it was no surprise that the UNA, heeding the voice of its membership and the counsel ofSvoboda Editor-in-Chief Dr. Luke Myshuha, took the initiative in providingfor the needs of a new generation.in its wisdom, the UNA decided to publish a special newspaper "dedicatedto the needs and interests of young Americans of Ukrainian descent." And, itsaw that this English-language newspaper, prepared by the young StephenShumeyko truly a remarkable staff of one, would serve also as a source ofinformation for non-Ukrainians on Ukraine and Ukrainians at a turning point inworld history. An artificial famine was raging in Ukraine, the Rooseveltadministration was preparing to grant diplomatic recognition to the Union ofSoviet Socialist Republics, and Hitler had come to power in Germany. Worldcataclysm would soon follow.Fo r the Ukrainian community in America it was a time of much-neededreassessment and a time when unity was sorely needed in the face of thedestruction of the Ukrainian nation and the annihilation of the centuries-oldUkrain ian her i tage, it was time also to "reclaim" Amer ican youths ofUkrainian ancestry who had become alienated from the older generation andwere on the verge of assimilation.Editor Shumeyko saw the new paper's role vis-a-vis Ukrainian Americanyouths as "inculcat(ing) them with the idea that as Americans of Ukrainiandescent they are duty-bound to help their kinsmen in foreign-occupied andoppressed Ukraine to win the national freedom for which they have been fighting and sacrificing for so many years."He saw The Weekly as a newspaper of record. Thus, in the first year of thepaper's existence he published documentation about the Great Famine of 1932-1 9 3 3 , and memoranda and protests regarding recognition of the USSR. DuringMr. Shumeyko's tenure, and that of his successors, The Weekly has continuedin that very important role.its accomplishments since 1933 are many, it told the world the truth aboutthe famine when that truth was not being told, for one reason or another, bymany a Western journalist, it gave subjugated Ukraine a voice, it defendedUkrainian displaced persons and refugees, and discussed the problems of theiradjustment and acceptance by the Ukrainian American community. Like its sister publication, Svoboda, it became a crusader for the erection of a monument toTaras Shevchenko in Washington and for the establishment of three chairs ofUkrainian studies and a Ukrainian Research institute at Harvard University, itwas The Weekly that published news of Ukrainian political prisoners in theSoviet Union and quite often was the first to run English-language translationsof their appeals, memoranda and other human and national rights documents.in 1983, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Great Famine anevent in history to which The Weekly, perhaps like no other entity in what usedto be called the free world, is so firmly bound it published a commemorative book and a special issue (tens of thousands of copies of which were distributed throughout the world), it was The Wee kly also that pushed most forcefullyfor establishment of the U.S. Commission on the Ukraine Famine.And, in the 1990s, it was The Weekly that reported first-hand the proclamation of Ukraine's sovereignty, the declaration of its independence, and theaffirmation of that independence by an overwhelming 90 percent of voters inthe December 1, 1991, referendum on the issue.The Ukrainian Weekly now has served three generations. With its readers ithas grown and matured. Today, it is no longer for youth only, but for all generations. it is for anyone, Ukrainian and non-Ukrainian alike, who is interested inUkraine and Ukrainians, be he, or she, a scholar, politician, businessperson orjournalist. Today T he Weekly is received at the offices of all members of the U.S.Congress, and among its readers are leading opinion-shapers and policy-makers.The Ukrainian Weekly continues to be published by the UNA, but it is independent of its sister-publication, Svoboda. it has a full-time editorial staff offive, including a correspondent in its Kyyiv Press Bureau located in independent Ukraine (something founding editor Stephen Shumeyko could only dreamo f ) , in six decades it has expanded the number of its pages sixfold: what usedto be a four-page tabloid is now published in editions as large as 24-pages.The Ukrainian Weekly is what it is today due to decades of dedication andtireless efforts by all its editors and contributors. Each laid the groundwork forhis successors and thus promoted the newspaper's development and improvement over the years. Thus, it is fitting that on this 60th anniversary we payhomage to our predecessors and highlight the results of their work in this special section of The Ukrainian Weekly.Our new flag

Today, on the occasion of The Ukrainian Weekly's 60th anniversary, weunveil a new flag, that is, the nameplate at the top of our front page. May itselegant design reflect the melding of old and new, in recognition of the past onwhich the present and the future are built. And may it carry us proudly towardthe 21st century.

T h e story of T h e Ukrainian Weeklyby Stephen Shumeyko

The set t lement of Ukrainian immigrants in the United States, and theiradaptation to its life, culture, and progressduring the past half century has beenmarked by many pioneering efforts bythem, which have won them acknowledgment and laudatory comments from theirfellow Americans of stocks other thanUkrainian. This pioneering spirit alsoexplains the rapid growth and expansionof Ukrainian American life and all that itrepresents, spiritually and materially.The Ukrainian Weekly is one of themore notable of Ukrainian American pioneering achievements, and, in its particularfield, one of the most successful in comparison with those of the other ethnicgroups which constitute American society.

N ecess i ty for it b r o u g h t ab o u t ademand for it, and the demand was met bythe immigrants . For a long time theydesired that their growing American bornyouth have an organ exclusively theirown, through which they could meet,ex ch an g e th e i r t h o u g h t s and i d eas ;acquaint themselves with their Ukrainianbackground and heritage; impress themwith their duties and obligations as nativeAmericans; help their kinsmen in enslavedUkraine to free themselves; come to a better understanding of one another ; andfinally, indicate those paths of endeavorwhich would lead them to a better andfuller life.Essentially that is what the leading

Ukrainian-language daily in this country,the Svoboda, had been doing for theimmigrants themselves all the while. Butits approach and language was that ofone immigrant to another. Consequentlythe youth , a l though possessing someknowledge of Ukrainian, gained privatelyor at parochial schools, required for itsneeds a periodical in English.in May 1933, the 18th regular convention of the Ukrainian National Association,held in Detroit, passed a resolution providing for the publication of an English-language supplement of the Svoboda.The thought behind the resolution hadbeen advocated by Dr. Luke Myshuha,editor-in-chief of Svoboda. There were anumber of candidates for editorship of thenew publication, and Stephen Shumeykowas selected for that post, which he hasheld to this day.

On October 6, 1933, the first numberof The Ukrainian Weekly rolled off thepress, and it has continued rolling off thepresses without any interruptions for thepast 20 years.

it must not be assumed, however, thatThe Weekly was the first English language periodical for Ukrainian Americanyouth , it was directly preceded by ani n t e r e s t in g q u a r t e r ly , the Uk r a in i anJuvenile Magazine, also published by theUkrainian National Association, from1927 to the middle of 1933. its contentsdealt with Ukrainian history, literature,(Continued on page 16)

Supplement to the SYOBODA, Ukrainian DailyPublished by the Junior Department of the Ukrainian National Association.

No 1. Jersey City, N. J., Friday, October 6, 1933.

TO OUR YOUTH,'.'Uv supplement to theI.-III Weekly." ..ml to he

publication of a regular lie known as the Ukraisively to HIP benefit of tin: ;iitv 'l' this puhlicalioaving an exelusilanguage; w hemg!ils ;u,d"id. perhaps point out thus,iewer ;.n.l belter life.The -Ukrainian Weekl

better understanding of eaeh other,iaths of endeavor which shall lead toWeekly" is for the voulh. The youth aloneshall he .is masler. its voice alone shall be heeded here. Andall thai we desire from our readers, in order to continue this organas such, is just a linle n-ooi will and co-operation. it is neeess;.ry thai the voulh read i l. js necessary, further, that thevoulh become interested in it and give it their support, so that itshall grow: and flourish to the point wherein il will embrace.very phase f the life of our American-Ukrainian youth.

The Ukrainian National Association is prepared to cheerfullymake even lurllicr expenditures in order to enlarge this or-an inscope ami size, provided however, that the voulh desires il. " Andin order lo achieve Hus goal, lhc voulh must not only read thisweekly, it must also contribute articles to il. Outvouth'niusl si rive'" bee n embers of the Nat i ona l 'Assoc ia t i on andas such, endeavor lo make this organization, which with the pass;ii:e ol lime shall pass into its hands, bigger and - .

This is not the first venture of its kind made by the UkrainianNational Association to do something for our youth. N During theforty yeai-s oP its existence the Association has contributed vastsums of mpney for the upbringing of our youth, both in Americaand in Ukraine. The Association published booklets and'news-papers for our youth in the Ukrainian language, and also in theUkrainian and English languages: and during the last seven vearspublished The Ukrainian Juvenile Magazine." in addition, theAssociation inaugurated KngJish contributions lo our dailv. the"Svoboda." which proved lo be of great benefit to our youth.All of ibis indicates that the Ukrainian National Association.'in an effort to help our youth, has goiie more than half way tomeet. it. if is. r u e . of course, thai perhaps the method of approaeh by lhe older generation was not the proper one at l imes:but at any rale, it was sincere and inspired by idealism. if anymistakes wore niade.jjiere issti l l ' time.. - . - ; . any"gains "were m ade, let vis rciain l!ieni. To studv tins problem,will be one of lhe tasks of ibis organ. 'fn voulh one dreams ami hopes: that is what we need.We want lhe youth that dreams, and then goes to work and makeslhe dreams come true. We need the fresh ideas of youth, andthai uurompierablo lighting spirit of our Cossack ancestors.We are living in a mighty country which was built -upondreams and ideals: a country where nothing is impossible: whereair casl les are succeeded bv 'concrete achievements: and where thedreams of yesterday are the realities of today. Such is the spiritthat we. lhe American-Ukrainian youth, need. Such is the spiritwhich shall raise high our Ukrainian name and our culture "herein America.

O PPO R T UN I T Y.For the past thirty-nine years Ukrainian immigrants inAmerica have been building up the Ukrainian National Association, together with its organ, "Svoboda"the first newspaperedited in the Ukrainian language in America.From a humble beginning the Ukrainian National Association has grown during these years into a nationwide, three millionaollar fraternal organization, with thirty-five thousand members;lmd the "Svoboda," from a weekly issue to the largest Ukrainiandaily in America. . . . ,. , .^ Coincident with this growth of the Ukrainian National Association and its "Svoboda." has been the growtlf of lhe youngergeneration of American-Ukrainians.Today, the paths of these tw elements, the Association andthe American-Ukrainian youth, have met. The time has comewhen this youth must begin to take over the reins of the Association from its builders. it must begin to assume the burdens aswell as the benefits of its parents.That is the principal problem before us lodaylhe problemof our youth taking over and continuing the tasks of the older

g For along time we have been calling and .arc slill urging tbeyouth to take a "reater interest in the association, to become moreactive in it. to gradually take over the reins not only of the supreme executive assembly but of all local branches as well .Our organization i s constructed that it ie run solely byi ts members. in order to take a hand th e running of th i s ,organization 1,' one must be1 a member of it, in any organizationwhatsoever, membership coupled with aclxvitxj can build theorganization to greater and better heights. This is what youngAnierican-Ukrainians should rcaltZc before they can take over thei;cins of our, or for that matter7jiny other organization. 'And yet, despite our call ings and urgings. the voulh d eclaresthat it is not given a "chance'' to do its part. That is wrong,for the. "chance" is already there, for the taking. i t-only.requires some personal iniliativc"and hard work.Again a chance or opportunity is not a guarantee ofl succcss. Opportunity plus unstinted work spells success. On hard work and unceasing efforts lead lo recognition, not onlyamong our people, but other peoples as Well. Therefore, ,bcforc our youth can take over the reins of our institutions, it mustfir-i show nroof of its ability to do so.ThPr cf . give this long sought for "chance" to every younpJlkrainian in America the Ukrainian National Association, with" the cooperation and help of its Junior-Department, is spimsoniufthe "Ukrainian Weekly," edited in lhc English language. hispaper shall serve as a medium lhrouglr-which l i te Amencan-t krainian voulh can build up not only the Ukrainian Nationa Assoc.ation, but also institutions of commercial, industrial and cultural

am sincerely convinced that with the highest cooperationand interest of lhe young American-Ukrainians, the UkrainianWeekly" shall grow and flourish. 1. as lhe president theUkrainian National Association, wish the paper lhc best or sue-ccss.1 . Mvrashko. Presidentof the Ukrainian National A ssociation.

S!ri'hnn SluDiicy!;o.P R O G R E S S OF U K R A 1 N 1 A N S 1N A M E R 1 C A .ApproximatelyUkrainians in"(mm Hasten) ('j

known as A.islilull.iv to its mo!

85",', all theAmerica comeiicia. more pro-Western Ukrato the World that conglom'ii nationalitiesa-Hungary. and

of gold in 18W; and of the sub-sequent so-called "gold rush."The real Ukrainian immigralinn in America however, did notbegin until 1870. and did not'assume any appreciable proporlirns unti l 8 9. Beginning withl!;;:i year Ukrainians began to:rriv-' in thisin..be hichichci the . mark

ake the presold

dav Ukrainian emigration toAmerica negligible, indeed, insofar as the Soviet Russia is concerned. it is practically impossible anv Ukrainian' to leavethat land of unrestrained Bolshevik tvranny. -The earliest Ukrainian immigranls from Western UkraineW . T C l h o se the westernloolhil!s of tl

r Man:JJiUJ'e. . .

s. he l,cmllUghlai-drr

near the very close of lhe lastcentury, and reached its peakjust prior to the War. From(ialicia the emigration fevertravolled swiftly to Bukowma.Podilye. and d i s tr ic t s.A comparatively few Ukrainianimmigrants came from the Kievdistrict, but practically none the eastern part Ukr-ii u e . commonly known as the"left bank."The cause which promoted ilevUkrainian immigrants lo lcayetli-ir dear ones and homes inWestern Ukraine, arc as fol lows:F i r st : the . terrible economiceruditions at 'home caused bylhe fact that practically all ol thev.-:!uablc lands, which rightfullybi-iomred to the Ukrainians, werein tlui bands of the Polish

T he Ukrainian Weekly's first issue, dated October 6? 1933.


6/24

6 TH E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER 10,1993 No. 41

The editors of The Ukrainian Weekly: youth at workby Khristina Lew

By the 1930s, the Ukrainian Americancommunity had come to a crossroads:Ukrainian-born activists and communityleaders were getting old or dying outwithout enlisting the American-born generation to replace them, and the youth,the first generation to be born in theUnited States, was struggling to balanceits Ukrainian heritage with an Americanway of life. Few organizations beyondthe churches and fraternal organizationswere strong enough to keep the community unified, and many communityactivists feared that the fruits of theirlabor would shrivel and die.

Stephen Shumyeko

R. L. Chomiak

Zenon Snylyk

Some would argue that when SvobodaEditor-in-Chief Luke Myshuha proposedat the Ukrainian National Association's18th convention in 1933 that the 39-year-old UNA publish an English-languagenewspaper, it was for the purpose ofbringing the American-born back into thecommunity fold. Others would say thatthe readership was already there, andclamoring for a vehicle to explore itsUkrainian heritage.

The first issue of The UkrainianWeekly appeared on October 6, 1933.The goal of the four-page supplement tothe Ukrainian daily Svoboda was to pro-vide a news forum written for the youth,by the youth, in its 60 years of existence,The Weekly has always been edited byyoung, community-oriented editors, in1976, under the helm of editor ZenonSnylyk, The Ukrainian Weekly expandedto a 16-page tabloid, in 1981, under theleadership of editor Roma Hadzewycz,The Ukrainian Weekly again becameindepe ndent of the Svobo da daily.(Originally independent, The UkrainianWeekly in 1957 was placed under thesupervision of the editor-in-chief ofSvoboda, who also supervised theveselka magazine for children, theAlmanacs of the Ukrainian NationalAssociation and all UNA publications.)in 1991, The Ukrainian Weekly beganpublishing 20- and 24-page editions.

in the Weekly's inaugural issue, itsfirst editor, Stephen Shumeyko, wrote inhis editorial that The Weekly was "forthe youth. The youth alone shall be itsmatter...in youth one dreams and hopes;that is what we need. We want the youththat dreams, and then goes to work andmakes the dreams come true."

"We are living in a mighty countrywhich was built upon dreams and ideals,a country where nothing is impossible,where air castles are succeeded by concrete achievements and where the dreamsof yesterday are the realities of today.Such is the spirit that we, the AmericanUkrainian youth need. Such is the spiritwhich shall raise high oar Ukrainianname and our culture here in America."

Today, 60 years after it first went topress, The Ukrainian Weekly has capturedthe dreams of yesterday by evolvingfrom a four-page supplement to Svoboda to what it is today a 24-page independent tabloid with a press bureau inUkraine's capital. And it is because of thework of its "youth," its editors, that TheUkrainian Weekly grew and matured.

in 1933, 25-year-o ld Ste phe nShumeyko faced an enormous task: tolaunch a newspaper that would appeal tothe American-born youth. A native ofNew Jersey, Mr. Shumeyko was active inthe Ukrainian American community,becoming the first president of theUkrainian Youth's League of NorthAmerica (UYL-NA) in August 1933 at itsfounding congress at the Chicago World'sFair, where the Ukrainians had organizedtheir own pavilion.

The head of a powerful new organization, Mr. Shumeyko gave up a career inlaw, which did not interest him, to takeon the responsibility of editor of thenewly born Ukrainian Weekly that fall.He wrote of the current problems in theUkrainian American community as wellas national and international issues, reacting strongly to U.S. recognition of theSoviet Union. He wrote of the GreatFamine and the Polonization of westernUkraine in the 1930s, encouraged supportfor the United States war effort in the1940s, and focused on the new immigrants in the 1950s.

An avid enthusiast of literature, he introduced English translations of Ukrainianworks to The Ukrainian Weekly, himselftranslating Shevchenko, Franko, Stefanyk,

Kotsiubynsky and others.in 1957 he was joined by Helen

Perozak, who served as The UkrainianWeekly's first associate editor for oneyear. Ms. Smindak hailed from Ontario,where she worked as a newspaperreporter, radio copywriter, film supervisor for a television station and a summerhostess of a television home show inLondon. After leaving the staff of TheUkrainian Weekly in 1958, Mrs. PerozakSmindak continued to submit articles tothe paper and does so from her home inNew York to this day.

in 1959 Mr. Shumeyko retired as editor of The Ukrainian Weekly after 25years. During his helm, he served aspresident of the newly formed UkrainianCongress Committee of America in 1940,and again in 1943 and 1946. He was alsothe president of the UkrainianProfessional Society of North America, atwin organization of the UYL-NA forprofessionals, and was instrumental increating the Pan-American UkrainianConference in 1947. in the summer of1962, he died of a stroke at the age of 54.

in keeping with The UkrainianWeekly's emphasis on youth, SvobodaEditor-in-Chief Anthony Dragan hiredWalter Prybyla to succeed Mr.Shumeyko in 1959. Mr. Prybyla, like hispredecessor, was born in the UnitedStates and was active in the youth movement, serving as president of theFederation of Ukrainian StudentOrganizations of America (SUSTA) andvarious other student organizations inSyracuse, N.Y., and Washington. Mr.Prybyla returned to Syracuse in thespring of 1960 and today serves as thedeputy director of the EnvironmentalReview Division for U.S. Housing andUrban Development in Washington.

He was succeeded by R. L. Chomiak,who became editor of The UkrainianWeekly on July 5, 1960. The UkrainianWeekly continued to be published as afour-page supplement under the supervision of Svoboda Editor Dragan, althoughMr. Chomiak recalls page 4 frequentlybeing pulled to make room for othernews. Mr. Chomiak left The UkrainianWeekly in September 1961 to pursue amaster's degree in journalism at CarletonUniversity in Ottawa. Today he is themanaging editor of the press service toAfrica at the United States informationAgency in Washington.

in 1962, Zenon Snylyk, 28, a graduateof the University of Chicago with a master' s degree in political science and three-time member of the U.S. Olympic soccerteam, was named editor of The UkrainianWeekly. For the first eight years of his18-year tenure, however, Mr. Snylykworked almost exclusively on Ukraine AConcise Encyclopedia, which was under-written by the UNA.

Throughout the period of 1959-1965,when editor succeeded editor in rapidsuccession, The Ukrainian Weekly wasintermittently edited by Dr. WalterDushnyck, who put the paper out working three days a week. Dr. Dushnyck wasa frequent contributor to Svoboda, sending articles as early as the 1930s fromLouvain University in Belgium where hestudied politics and social studies, in theUnited States, he worked on staff atSvoboda in 1941-1942, and after leavingThe Ukrainian Weekly in 1965, he editedThe Ukrainian Bulletin and TheUkrainian Quarterly. Dr. Dushnyck diedin September of 1985.

in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Mr.Snylyk, juggling the helm of TheUkrainian Weekly and his editorial workfor the Ukrainian encyclopedia, coveredthe first North American visit ofPatriarch Josyf Slipyj and wrote aboutthe Ukrainian dissident movement.

Dr. Walter Dushnyck

ihor Dlaboha

Roma HadzewyczBecause the staff of Svoboda comprisedolder reporters, Mr. Snylyk coveredmajor news events for both papers, writing in the Ukrainian and English languages.

in 1973 he was join ed by i ho rDlaboha, newly graduated from the CityCollege of New York with a bachelor'sdegree in political science, who served aseditorial assistant and later as assistanteditor, in 1974 The Ukrainian Weekly's



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No. 41 TH E UKRAINIAN WEEK LY SUNDAY, OCTOB ER IO, 1993 7

by BURMA -CAPEL1NReprinted below is one of the earliest columnsfsocial commentaries by

Burma-Capelin (pseudonym of Dr.Stephen Mamchur) to appear in TheUkrainian Weekly. This one, on"immigrant Control and Second-Generation Organization," was published on September 12 , 1936.Second generation Ukrainian organ i za t io n s , o r "U k ra i n i an Y o u t h "organizations as they are sometimesstyled, are, despite claims to the contrary , in greater or lesser degreeunder the control of the organizationsof the first of the immigrant generation. While to some extent this isinevi table , i t i s enl ightening toinquire into the reasons for this control, the effect it has on the policies orprograms of the youth organizations

and what might possibly be done in a general way to make these ornew organizations effective in alleviating the problems which are genuinely those of second generationyouth.Every individual of the secondgeneration has problems, and he orshe feels them; these range all thew ay f ro m sa t i s fac t o ry eco n o m i cadjustment of some sort, marriage,education, to ways of utilizing one'sleisure time. They are all accentuatedfor the second generation because inits attempts to solve them it findsUkrainian ways (as represented bythe parents whose Ukrainian viewschange very slowly, or by immigrantleaders) conflicting with Americanways. What is a fact, however, is that,though the second generation may beinart iculate or may be unable tounderstand its real problems, it feelsthese and at least unconsciouslyknows just what they are. i t mightorganize, then, under intelligent leadership to direct effects to alleviatethese problems. But at once it facestwo facts: Organization which wouldbring results requires finances andcompetent leadership . The secondgeneration can find these resourceswithin itself only in a very meagerway. Typically, the second generation is composed of individuals whoare as yet but "ge tting a start inlife," and hence but few are economically independent. Most of those thatare, are a lso fa i r ly successful inAmerican life, and have become soadjusted to American culture thattheir associations with Ukrainians aresporadic and interests in Ukrainianp ro b l em s ep h em era l . T h e seco n dgeneration, then, cannot draw on thisgroup either for the financial supportor for leadership.

it is left at the mercy, as it were, ofthose who claim they can help andare willing to do it in their own way.This group is the first generation inits organizational aspect, the firstgeneration organizations, it is perhaps unnecessary to stress the factthat i t i s these upon which al lUkrainian youth organizations are, invaried degrees, dependent. Withoutthe resources, of various kinds, whichthe immigrant organizations put atthe disposal of youth these youthorganizations could not exist. Thissupport, varying with the specificorganization, means, as a corollary,varied degrees of control of the activities and policies of the youth organizations. While the parent organizations might be lauded for the supportthey give, the corollary control they

have exercised has not been, excepting some cases, for the benefit ofyouth. This is because they do notunderstand or appreciate the peculiarproblems of the second generation.The main general consequences ofthe immigrant organizations' controlover youth organizations whetherthat control has been exercised overtly or covertly is that most of theactivities of these organizations havebeen Ukrain ianizat ion ra ther thanAm er i can i za t i o n ac t i v i t i e s . T h eattempt has been, in almost everyinstance, to inculcate Ukrainian culture or Ukrainian ideals whateverthe tinge may be, religious, national",istic, socialistic or something else into the second generation. While initself this may be neither good norbad, i t is a luxury, if you please,which the second generation cannotafford. The really vital problems ofthe second generation have alwaysbeen interpreted as lying within theold world Ukrainian organizationalstructure. The immigrant organizations cannot reconcile themselves tothe fact that the organizations including the church, which have served theimmigrant tolerably well, are as ill-adjusted ("out-of-date") to the second generation as a horse and buggyis in our motorized urban life. Thesecond generation simply cannot fitinto the scheme of thinking, the wayof behavior, and the organization ofthe first generation. By virtue of having been born in America, its fatesand fortunes l ie wi th in Americanconditions, and it is harmful, not tosay silly, to try to fit it into organizations which are based on Ukrainianculture abroad or that aspect of itwhich can yet be conserved even bythose who have emigrated. Ukrainianyouth organizations, if they are toachieve anything more than volatilespeech-making or paper publicity,must recognize that i t is Americannot Ukrainian conditions to which,primarily, the second generation mustadjust. From this point of view, theent i re ideology of the immigrantorganizations as to what is "good"for youth may be scrapped withoutany remorse, and the sooner, the better. The only solution that seemspracticable at the moment is for theimmigrant organizations, if they dohave the welfare of the second generation at heart, is to give the youthorganizations unconditional support,that is, support with no control. Theyouth organizations should be leftentirely free to frame and prosecutetheir own policies, however distasteful these may be to the parent organizations. This is perhaps too much toexpect, a sort of a Utopian hope; if itis that, then it logically follows thatUkrainian youth would do better w ithno organizations at all rather thanthose which are the offspring of theimmigrant world . There has beenmuch more harm than good done toUkrainian youth carrying over the oldworld elements of dissension, the oldworld philosophies, into the youthorganizations. The one common basison which Ukrainian youth can meetis that of being the second generationof Ukrainian descent in America; it isin this sphere that its problems reallylie; all else is not of importance toyouth, even though, for the immigrant organizations, it may mean thedi fference between existence anddesuetude.

facts and Placesby Myron B. Kuropas

They wrote the c o lum nsDuring the past 60 years The UkrainianWeekly has had to rely on hundreds of writers to keep its readership informed.So m e , l i k e S t ep h en Sh u m ey k o , T h eWeekly's first editor, Gregory Herman, thenthe UNA supreme secretary, Alex Zabroskyand William Popowich regularly producedarticles on a variety of topics related to youthissues during the UNA gazette's early years.Others wrote often enough to warrant areg u l a r co l u m n . Am o n g t h e f i r s t w asStephen Mamchur who wrote under the nomd e p l u m e "Bu rm a-Cap e l i n " d u r i n g t h e1930s. The man was both a superb writerand a brilliant analyst who really knew howto call a spade a spade. He was especially

severe with the "old guard" leadership thatdemanded that the younger generation operate as their organizational clones."The at tempt has been made," wroteCapelin on September 12, 1936, "to inculcate Ukrainian culture or Ukrainian ideals whatever the tinge may be, religious,nationalistic, socialistic or something else into the second generation...The second generation simply cannot fit into the scheme ofthinking, the way of behavior, and the organization of the first generation. By virtue ofhaving been born in America, its fates andfortunes lie within American conditions..."Fifty years later, Dr. Mamchur's words arestill worth repeating.Regular columns in The Weekly mush-roomed during the 1950s. Olga Lachowitchp en n ed "A Wo m an ' s v i ew ." T ed v i c t o rproduced a column devoted to music andthe arts. The multi-talented William Shustoffered "impressions." Walter Danko wroteabout sports and compi led the annualUkrainian "AllAmerican" football team,composed of players of Ukrainian originwho excelled in college football.

The person who perhaps holds the all-timerecord as a Weekly contributor is TheodoreLutwiniak who authored a column titled "TheUNA and Youth" for over 25 years. He beganwriting during the late 1950s. No Weeklywriter, before or since, was more dedicated tothe Ukrainian National Association than Mr.Lutwiniak. He promoted the UNA amongyoung Ukrainian Americans as often and asvigorously as he could. Sadly, no one hascome along to take his place.Additions to The Weekly stable of regular columnists during the 1960s were OlehZwadiuk, who wrote a sports column, andHelen Perozak Smindak, who produced"Panorama of the Ukrain ian Social andCultural Scene."Columns in The Ukrain ian Weeklyexploded during the 1970s with Mr. Zwadiukwri t ing "Sports Scene," Pat LutwiniakEngelbrecht penning a column on family lifeand health, Helen Perozak Smindak offering"Ukrain ian Events in the Big Apple ,"Wi l l i am My ro n D an k o p ro d u c i n g "T h eUYLNA Corner," Roman Sawycky enlightening readers with "Sounds and views," acolumn devoted to music, Roman Lysniak,regaling us with the adventures of JohnSubota, a fictitious Ukrainian comedic figure,Marion Kushnir Burbella keeping readersinformed with her "Senior Citizens' Corner,"ihor Stelmach producing sports columns, andAnisa Handzia Sawyckyj roving theUkrainian American countryside with her"Uke-Eye" column.

"Uke-Eye" was especial ly in terest ing ,because it featured reactions to a variety ofdifferent questions by a cross-section of theU k ra i n i an Am er i can co m m u n i t y . OnFebruary 20, 1977, for example, "Uke-Eye"asked if Ukrainian women were "liberated."One respondent believed that they were but

chose to retain a more "traditional" postureregarding home, family and the perpetuationof Ukrainian culture. Another respondent"felt a greater sense of independence andopportunity in Ukraine years ago as a studentthan 1 do now in the U.S . ... Arriving fromEurope 10 years ago, 1 felt a vast differencethere; women didn ' t l imi t themselves tocareers as teachers or secretaries... think 50years ago Ukrainian women w ere much moreliberated as a group than they are now..."On May 1, 1977, "Uke-Eye" asked sevenyoung people if it was possible for them toprovide thei r chi ldren wi th the k ind ofUkrainian upbringing they had received.One interviewee believed it was not as easyas it was when most Ukrainians lived in aghetto, "but it's still possible and necessary you've got to have tradition." She addedthat "99 172 percent of the problem lies withthe parents, not the children; some parentsare insecure about passing on their heritage,others push it down their throats..." Stillanother respondent indicated that she w ouldsend her children to Saturday school but"wouldn't force them to attend parochialschool or belong to youth organizations. Asa teenager, 1 found the former too rigid andthe latter too jingoistic."

Ms. Sawyckyj continued to write for TheWeekly during the 1980s as d id Mr.Sawycky, Mrs. Burbella, Mr. Stelmach, andMrs. Smindak. They were joined by MartaKorduba, who penned two columns duringher term as the first UNA director of fraternal affairs: "Fraternally Yours" and "Scopeon the Young Ukrainian." Other new faceswho appeared on the pages of The UkrainianWeekly during the 1980's were Nadia OdetteDiakun who wrote "A view from Canada,"Orysia Pasczak Tracz, who authored "AUkrain ian Canadian Perspect ive," AndreWorobec whose column "The FraternalCorner" appeared on the UNA page, Eugeneiwanciw, who offered a column titled "TheWashington Scene" and yours truly whobegan writing "Faces and Places" in 1984.Ms. Tracz continued into the early '90s witha column t i t led "A Western CanadianPerspective," while Chris Guly presented"Centennial Sojourn," dedicated to the 100thanniversary of Ukrainian Canadians. Mr.Worobec and 1 also continued to write. Wewere joined by M arta Kolomayets, whose popular column, "A Journalist 's Notebook inUkraine," provides readers of The Weekly withan insider's view of Ukraine and its people.What d id a l l of The Weekly 's manycolumnists (and if Fve omitted anyone, 1 asktheir forgiveness now) have in common?Regardless of their subject matter, they allshared a passion for their subject, an eye fora good angle, and a better than average writing style.They were also committed, it's not easyto produce a column by a regular deadline,especially when one has other full-time professional and familial obligations as didmany of the columnists. And yet, there theywere. Writing. Week after week. Monthafter month. Year after year.

Why is it, 1 wonder, that The Weekly hadso many columnists during the 1970s and sofew today? Was there more to write aboutduring the 1970s? Was the Ukrainian community in North America more interesting20 years ago?Or, and there is evidence to suggest this,has our community reached such a state ofanomie that neither its detractors nor its sup-porters believe it does much good to openlyexpress thoughts and feelings?Think about that . And then wri te aresponse. W ho know s, it could be the beginning of a regular column.


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8 T H E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, O C T O B E R 10,1993 No. 41

AN ANNIVERSARY REVIEWThe Thirties:A neophyte newspaperand the Great FamineO n October 6 , 1933, the f i rs t i ssue of TheU k ra i n i an Week l y (o r m o re p ro p e r l y t h eUkrainian Weekly since the "the" was not thenpart of the newspaper's name) rolled off the presses atthe Svoboda print shop as a supplement to the 40-year-old Ukrainian-language daily newspaper Svoboda.The lead editorial noted that the four-page English-language tabloid was not the first venture of its kindsponsored by the Ukrainian National Association, then,as now, the largest Ukrainian fraternal organization. Forit was the UNA that during the previous seven years hadpublished The Ukrainian Juvenile Magazine; in addition, it had on occasion published English-language sections in Svoboda. And therein were the clues to the reason The Ukrainian Weekly was initiated.

Since the mid-1920s, the UNA leadership wasbecoming increasingly concerned with the younger generation: how to maintain its interest in the UkrainianAmerican community and how to prevent this generation from becoming completely assimilated into theAmerican milieu. As early as 1925, certain UNA members had proposed that what was needed was anEnglish-language publication for the younger generation; in the late 20s some even suggested that Svobodabe published 50-50 in Ukrainian and English.Then came the influence of current events in the1930s: the Polish pacification camp aign directed atUkrainians living under its rule and the man-madefamine in Ukraine, the brutal work of Joseph Stalin.Svoboda published articles about both on its pages, butit wanted to tell the truth about the sufferings ofUkrainians to the general public. Thus, it began publishing selected articles in the English language, whichwould be accessible to fellow Americans. Finally, theUNA convention in 1933 voted to begin publishing anEnglish-language Ukrainian Weekly.And thus the Weekly was born with a dual mission.in its inaugural issue the newspaper wrote about thefamine: "A series of mass meetings are being held bythe Ukrainians throughout America and Canada, protesting against the barbaric attempts of the Bolshevikregime to deliberately starve out and depopulate theUkrainian people in Ukraine. The purpose of this intentional starvation by the Bolsheviks is to forever quell theUkrainian struggle for freedom." The Weekly continued: The Soviets have been deliberately "carrying out ofUkraine practically all of the grain and other foodstuffs,with the result that over 5 million Ukrainians have diedover the past year from starvation."The article went on to note that the Soviets had for

DOM T L l S T E NTO THESE:G U Y b , P UTT H I S S T U F FIN

TAKE M YA D V I CE A NDUSE MORE

^5obn ,1; Q o s o l o v w t c iA cartoon by John Rosolowicz, published August 9, 1935, with the caption: "Hewho could please everyone hasn 't been born yet. (Ukrainian prov erb)" At the timehe was introduced in October 1933 to Weekly readers as "our cartoonist," Mr.Rosolowicz had already been published in the Saturday Evening Post, the CountryGentleman, Literar y Digest, the Philadelphia Public Ledger and other publications... 0 4 ' ' jsj^U).) r? : i . i " - - ' - ' 't :.K .' .ji' ;fi ^ - ; " j ? ' ^ : ; VW rx - V ^ -^ V " . ; t ' t ' i - - '

b i d d en l ead i n g Wes t e rn co r re sp o n d en t s t o en t e rUkraine, and that foreign aid to the starving populationwas not permitted. Meanwhile, "appeals are being madeto the U.S. government not to recognize th isCommunistic dictatorship, as it is founded upon principles that are contrary to all rules of humanity and civilization," noted The Weekly.And so it went. The Weekly continued to publish anyinformation it could obtain about the ravages of thefamine, it also continued to insist, albeit unsuccessfully,that the United States should not extend diplomaticrecognition to the USSR, in addition, there was the matter of the continuing P olish reign of terror on WesternUkrainian lands, demands for autonomy by Ukrainiansin Czecho-Slovakia and proclamation of a CarpathoUkrainian state, the plight of Ukrainians in Rumania,and Hitler's designs on Ukraine.it was a turbulent time for a neophyte weekly news-paper with a staff of one.And yet, The Weekly succeeded also in focusing attentionon problems here in America: the dearth of young leaders inthe Ukrainian community, the need to learn about one'sUkrainian heritage, the role of Ukrainian youth in defendingUkraine and giving voice to its repressed aspirations.The Weekly also published numerous translations ofUkrainian literary works, articles about Ukraine's glorious historical past, and sketches about Ukrainian culture,i t provided a d igest of art ic les about Ukraine andUkrainians that appeared in the American press and itrecommended books of interest to Ukrainian Americans,it spoke directly to the youth who were unsure of theirheritage: those who would Americanize their names,those who would identify themselves not as Ukrainians,but as Russians, Ruthenians, or Rusyny. it urged them tolearn about their heritage. The Weekly gave much attention to the most prominent organization of the day, thenewly founded Ukrain ian Youth League of NorthAmerica, and much space was devoted to what was called"the problems of the second generation." There was plenty of sports coverage, too, along with stories about theachievements of young Ukrainian Americans.

in 1939, Weekly editorials issued a warning aboutRusso-American relations, noting how litt le the twonations actually have in common and pointing to Soviet"misrule" in lands under its domination, especiallyUkraine. On August 26, The Weekly spoke loudly aboutthe ramifications of the Soviet-German non-aggressionpact. Soon after the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was con-eluded, the Soviets invaded Western Ukraine, in shortorder, "elections" were held in Western Ukraine formembers of a national assembly that was to vote onwhether Western Ukraine should be incorporated intothe Ukrainian SSR. That vote, of course, turned out tobe unanimous for incorporation.As World W ar began, The Weekly, in an editorialt i t l ed "Al l i ed War Ai m s Sh o u l d i n c l u d e a FreeUkraine," noted the "callous indifference to the plight ofthe 45 million enslaved Ukrainian nation." "Why do theAl l ies fa i l to includeUkraine in their war aims?T h e an sw er i s s i m p l e .First, they would offendStal in and thus perhapscause him to plunge intothe confl ic t on Hi t ler ' sside. Secondly, in admitt ing the just ice ofUkraine's claim to freedom, they would therebyadmit that the Poland theywant reconstituted is notthe chivalrous Poland ofpopular concept ion , butthe imperialistic, oppressive and arrogant Polandthat she actually was priorto her downfall."

As the decade came to ac l o se , T h e U k ra i n i anWeekly commented on thelack of uni ty amongUkrainians in the UnitedStates a t such a crucialtime in world history, i texpressed hope that unitycould be achieved at thefi rs t Al l -Ukrain ian American Congress scheduledto be held March 16-17,1940.s, Madzewycz

The Forties:W orld War 1 1and its aftermathA t the beginning of the 1940s, The UkrainianWeekly focused on internal Ukrainian Americanaffairs, while keeping an eye on war developments in Europe.Much space was devoted to news connected to thefirst Congress of American Ukrainians, which wassponsored by 19 national organizations, including the"Bi g Fo u r" f ra t e rn a l s : t h e U k ra i n i an Na

Documents

The Ukrainian Weekly 1993-41