The Twelfth Book of Natural Magick.doc

8/14/2019 The Twelfth Book of Natural Magick.doc

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The Twelfth BookofNatural Magick

John Baptista Porta(Giambattista della Porta)

(1537-1615)

"Artificial Fires""The Proeme"

Chapter I - "How diverse ways to procre Fire maybe prepared!"

Chapter II - "f the Compositio#s for Fire$ that or

A#cestors sed!"

Chapter III - "f the diverse Compositio#s ofG#powder!"

Chapter I% - "How Pipes may be made to cast otFire!"

Chapter % - "How Fireballs are made that are shotoff i# &rass G#s!"

Chapter %I - "f Compositio#s with br#i#'aters!"

Chapter %II - "How &alls are made of etals thatwill cast forth fire a#d Iro# wed'es!"
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Chapter %III - "How i# plai# 'ro#d$ a#d #derwaters$ mi#es may be prese#tly d'!"

Chapter I* - "hat thi#'s are 'ood to e+ti#'ish

the fire!"Chapter * - "f diverse compositio#s for fire!"

Chapter *I - "Fire-compositio#s for Festival days!"Chapter *II - "f ,ome +perime#ts of Fires!"

Chapter *III - "How it may be$ that a ca#dle shallbr# co#ti#ally!"

The Proee

Before I leave off to write of fire$ I shall treat of thatda#'eros fire that wor.s wo#derfl thi#'s$ which thevl'ar callArtificial Fire$ which the comma#ders of

armies a#d 'e#erals$ se lame#tably i# diverse artificesa#d mo#stros desi'#s$ to brea. ope# walls a#d cities$

a#d totally sbvert them! A#d i# sea fi'hts$ to thei#fi#ite ri# of mortal me#$ a#d whereby they ofte#

frstrate the malicios e#terprises of their e#emies! Thematter is very sefl a#d wo#derfl$ a#d there is #othi#'i# the world that more fri'hte#s a#d terrifies the mi#dsof me#! God is comi#' to /d'e the world by fire! I shalldescribe the mi'hty hot fires of or a#cestors$ which they

sed to besie'e places with$ a#d I shall add those thatare of later i#ve#tio#$ that far e+ceed them! A#d lastly$ Ishall spea. of those of or days! 0o have here the

compositio#s of terrible G#powder that ma.es a #oise$a#d the# of that which ma.es #o #oise! f pipes thatvomit forth deadly fires$ a#d of fires that ca##ot be

1e#ched$ a#d that will ra'e #der water at the verybottom of it$ whereby the seas re#d as#der$ as if they
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were #dermi#ed by the 'reat viole#ce of the flamesstrivi#' a'ai#st them$ a#d are lifted p i#to the air$ that

ships are draw# by the mo#stros 'lfs! f fire balls thatfly with 'litteri#' fire$ a#d terrify troops of horseme#$a#d overthrow them! ,o that we are come almost to

eter#al fires!

!hapter ""f diverse compositio#s for fire!"

# shall speak of diverse compositions for fire to be used fordiverse uses. But men say ! Gracchswas the author of thisinvention.

"To ma.e a fiery compositio#$ that the ,# may.i#dle!"

It consists of these things. ilof rosinous Trpe#ti#e, of2ic.silver(otherwise then I showed in 3istilli#') of4#iper,of 5aphtha, 6i#seed, Colopho#ia, Camphire. Let there bePitch, ,altpeter, and 3c.7s 'rease, double to them all.A1a %itarefined from all flegm. Pound them all, and minglethem. Put them up in a glaed vessel, and let them ferment twomonths in horse dung, always renewing the dung, and minglingthem together. !fter the set time, put it into a 8etort, and3istilit. "hicken the 6i1oreither with Pi'eo#7s 3#', finelysifted, or with G#powder, that it may be like Pap. #ood that
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3ioscoridessays, that the Thracia# ,to#eis bred in a certainriver of cythia, the name of it is Po#ts. It has the force of4et,they say it is inflamed by water, and uenched with il, like as&itme#. 5ica#der speaks of this stone thus,

If that the Thracia# ,to#e be br#t i# fire$A#d wet with water$ the flame will aspire$

&t oil will 1e#ch it! Thracia# ,hepherds bri#'This sto#e from the 8iver Po#ts$ Poets si#'!

"Torches that will #ot be pt ot by the wi#ds!""hey are made with &rimsto#e, for that is hardly put out, ifonce kindled. #herefore torches made with a+and&rimsto#e, may be carried safely through winds and tempests."hese are good for armies to march by, or for other necessarythings. *thers use such+ they boil the wick of the torches in,altpeter and water. #hen it is dried, they wet them with&rimsto#eand A1a %ita. *f this mi$ture then they maketheir candles, with &rimsto#e, and then with half Camphire,and Trpe#ti#e, two parts Colopho#ia, three of a+, of thisthey make four candles, and put them together. In the middlethat is empty, they cast in uick &rimsto#e, and they will

forcibly resist all things. *r thus. Boil wicks of Hempor Cotto#in water, with ,altpeter . "ake them out and dry them. "henmelt in a &rass pot eual parts of &rimsto#e, G#powder, anda+. #hen they are melted, put in your wicks to drink up partof the mi$ture. "ake them out, and to what is left in the kettle,add G#powder, &rimsto#e, and Trpe#ti#e, of each a likeuantity, of which mi$ture make our torches, and oin themtogether. !lso there is made,

"A cord that set o# fire$ shall #either smo.e #orsmell!"

#hen soldiers or hunters go secretly by day or night, they usesometimes to make a atch, that being lighted, will neithersmell near hand, nor far off, nor make any smoke. 'or wildbeasts, if the atchsmell, will scent it, and run to the tops ofthe mountains. "ake a new earthen pot, and put into it a newcord so handsomely, that the whole pot may be filled, so laid inrounds, that no more can go in, cover it, and lute it well three or
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four times, that it may have no vent, for the whole businessdepends on this. "hen make a fire round about it, by degrees,that first it may grow hot, then very hot, and lastly red hot. !ndif sometimes the smoke come forth, stop the chinks with Claystill. "hen heaped up under the coals, let it grow cold of itself,and opening the pot, you shall find the cord black, like coal.Light this cord, and it will neither smoke nor smell.

!hapter "#

"Fire-compositio#s forfestival days!"

#have shown you terrible and monstrous Firewor.s. It is fit toshow you some to use a solemn times. -ot so much for use, asto give you occasion to find out higher matters. I shall show then

how to make one,

"That whe# a ma# comes i#to his chamber$thewhole air may ta.e fire!"

"ake a great uantity of the best refinedA1a vita, and putCamphireinto it, cut small, for it will soon dissolve in it. #hen itis dissolved, shut the windows and the chamber doors, that thevapor that e$hales, may not get forth. #hen the vessel is fullwith water, let it boil with coals, put under, without any flame,that all the water may resolve into smoke, and fill the chamber.

!nd it will be so thin, that you scarce perceive it. Let some manenter into the chamber with a lighted candle in his hand, and theair by the candle light, will take fire all about. !nd the wholechamber will be in a flame, like an oven, and will much terrifyone that goes in. If you dissolve in the water a little s., orAmber-'reese, after the flame you shall smell a curious scent.!lso there is made,
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"+ceedi#' br#i#' water!""hus "ake old strong black i#e. Put into it 2ic.lime,Tartar, ,alt, and uick &rimsto#e. /raw out the water of themwith a glass 8etort. "his will burn e$ceedingly and never ceasetill it is all consumed. If you put it into a vessel with a very largemouth, and put flame near it, it will presently take fire. If when itis on fire, you cast it against a wall, or by night out tat thewindow, you shall see the air full of sparks, and kindled withfires. It will burn, held in your hands, and yet will not scald you./istil it once again, and it will burn the less. But if you takeeual parts of 2ic.lime, and ,alt, and shall mingle them withcommon il. !nd make little balls, and cast them into the bellyof the 0etort by the neck. !nd then shall draw forth the ilby avehement fire. !nd mingling this ilagain with ,altand

2ic.lime. hall /istil them again. !nd shall do the same fourtimes. !n ilwill will come forth that will burn wonderfully, thatsome deservedly call it I#fer#al il. ! solemn pleasant fire, ismade for the theater. If Camphirebe dissolved inA1a vita,and with that 'illets, paper, or parchments, be smeared. !ndbeing dried again, be lighted. !nd fall from a loft, as they falllighted through the air, you shall see erpents with great delight.But if you desire,

"To cast flame a 'reat way$"/o thus Beat Colopho#ia, Fra#.i#ce#se, orAmber finely.!nd hold them in the palm of your hand, and put a lightedcandle between your fingers. !nd as you throw the powder intothe air, let it pass through the flame of the candle. 'or the samewill fly up high. If you will have that,

"a#y ca#dles shall be li'hted prese#tly!"*n festival days, as I hear they are wont to do among the "urks.&ou shall boil &rimsto#eand rpime#t with il, and in themlet thread boil. #hen it is dry, bind it to the wicks of candles,

and let them pass through. 'or when one head is lighted, theflame will run to them all, and set them on fire. ome call itHermes, his ointment. !ny man may,"ati#' i# the dar.$ a#d spar.les ot of his moth!"
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It is pleasant for the spectators. !nd it is thus. Let a man eat,'ar Ca#dy, for as he breaks it with his teeth, sparkles willseem to fly out of his mouth, as if one should rub a Firebra#d.

!hapter "##"f ,ome +perime#ts of Fires!"

# will set down some e$periments, that are without the ranksof the rest. I held it better to conceal them. But they may giveyou occasion to think on greater matters by them. If you will,"That &llets from &rassG#s$ may e#ter deeper!"

&ou may easily try this against a wall, or plank set up. Let theball rather go into the hollow of it, slight, then wide. But wet itwith il before you put it in. !nd so cast it in. "his &lletshot

off by force of fire, will go in twice as far as otherwise. "hereason is easy. 'or the iltakes away the occasion of the airsbreathing forth. 'or all bents being stopped, the flames strivingwithin, cast forth the &lletwith more violence, as we shall showmore at large. o also will the &lletsof &rassG#s penetratewith more force. !nd if you 6ardthe &llets, they willpenetrate through arms of proof. I can also by a cunning artifice,

",hoot a ma# thro'h with a &llet$ a#d #o placeshall be se#t where it we#t i#$ or came forth!"

"he mind of a man is so cunning, that it has invented a way toshoot a man uite through with a &llet, and yet no mark of the&lletshall appear, though all the inward parts be bruised andbeaten through. 1onsider, that what things are heavy, are solid,and so subtle, that they will penetrated and leave no markswhere they entered or came out. !nd they will do the same,though they be united, as if they were disointed. !nd every part
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9/12

will act by itself alone, as it would do being united. I have saidthus, to take away all occasions from ignorant and wickedpeople, to do mischief. I saw,

"A G#dischar'e ofte#$ a#d yet #o more powderwas pt i#!"'amous soldiers use this, not only for &rassCa##o#, but forsmall handguns. It is thus #rap a paper three or four timesabout the 8ammerthat is put into the hollow mouth of the G#,and drawing out the G#stic.. 'ill that hollow place withpowder and &llet. 2ere and there let the &lletsbe stoppedin, and glued fast, that no sicissure or vent may appear in thepaper. 'irst, let it be put into the G#, but loosely, that thepowder put in above, may come to the vent hole beneath. "hen

put your measure of powder in atop, and stamp in your &llet.Putting G#powder to the Toch-hole. !nd putting fire to it,the upper ball shall be shot off with its powder. Presently thrustin a sharp instrument at the vent hole, and make a hole in theCartrid'e, and feed it with powder, and put fire to it again. !ndin a short time it will discharge twice. I can,

"&li#d yor eyes with the smo.e!""his may much profit, when enemies come to storm the city. Butfirst we must consider the wind, that it may be at the backs of

our men, and may carry the smoke into the faces of our enemies.Let there be measure made like 6a#thor#s, so that they maygo in at the mouths of the &rassG#s. 'ill them with powder ofphorbim, Pepper, 2ic.lime, %i#eashes, andArs#ic.,blimate. !nd put them into the hollow of it, after theG#powder. 'or by force of fire, will these paper frames break.!nd the smoke of the powder, if it comes at the eyes of theenemy, will so trouble them, that casting away their weapons,they can hardly save their eyes.

!hapter "###
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10/12

"How it may be$ that a ca#dle shallbr# co#ti#ally!"

Before we end this book, I shall discover, whether it ma bethat a candle once lighted, should never be put out. #hichseems very contrary to the reason of the corruptible things ofthis world, and to be past belief. But let us see first whether theA#cie#tsever attempted it, or did it. #e read in the romanhistories, that there was at 0ome, in the temple of the goddess%esta, and of i#erva, at !thens, and ofApollo, at /elphi, aperpetual fire kindled. But this seems to be false. 'or Iremember that I have read in many authors, that this PerpetalFirewas always kept so by the %estal 5#s, that it shouldnever go out. !s we find it in Pltarch, in the 6ife of 5ma.!nd then in the time of the civil war, and of ithridates, itwent out. !t /elphi it was watched by widows, who took care, byalways pouring in of il, that it should never go forth. But thisfailed, when the %edes burnt that temple. *f the same sort wasthat fire, God appointed by oses in the scriptures. "he fireshall always burn upon mine alter, which the priest shall alwayskeep lighted, putting under wood day by day. #herefore, thefire was not perpetual in the temples of the gods of theGe#tiles. &et I read about the town !teste near Padua, there

was found an earthen pitcher, in which there was another littlepitcher, and in that there was found a little light still burning.#hich by the hands of some ignorant fellows, pouring it rudelyforth, was broken. !nd so the flame was put out. !nd in ourtime, about the year 344, in the island -esis, that stands in-aples, there was a arble,eplchreof some 0oman found,and that being opened, a %ial was found with it, in which therewas a candle. #hen this was broken, and it came to the light, itwent out. It was shut in before the coming of our avior. omeothers I have heard of, by report of my friends, there were foundand seen with their eyes. #hence I collect this may be done,

and was done by our ancestors. Let us see if we can do thesame. ome say that ilof metals may last long, and almostperpetually. But this is false. 'or ilof metals will not burn.*ther say, ilof4#iper from the wood will last long, becausethe coals of that wood may be kept a whole year alive underashes. But this is most false, because I kept a coal under ashes,and it would not last two, nor yet one day. !nd the ilof thewood burns most vehemently, and is sooner wasted away then
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11/12

common il. ome boast they have drawn ilfrom theincombustible stone, thinking that flame cannot consume that.'or a wick made thereof, will never be burnt. !nd yet burnsalways, if you put ilalways to it. But if that be true, that thewick is not consumed by fire, yet that follows not that ile$tracted from it, should burn always and never waste. !nd noman yet was ever seen to draw ilfrom the stoneAmia#tsthatwould burn. *thers think that ildrawn from common ,alt, willlast always. 'or if you cast ,altinto il, it makes the ilin thelamp last twice as long, and not be consumed, which I affirm tobe true. "herefore if ilbe 3istilled from it, it will burn alwaysand never waste. &et this follows not that ildrawn from ,altwill bun continually. !nd il3istilled from it will burn no morethan a stone ofA1a fortis, that parts Goldand ,ilver, ofwhich kind it is. But it is an ignorant thing to imagine, that anilmay be made that shall burn always, and never consume.#herefore some other thing must be thought on. ome say(and they do not think foolishly) that fire in a %ialdoes notalways burn. But in the %ialthere is some composition laid up,that so soon as it comes to air, presently takes fire, and seems toburn only at that time, yet it never burned before. "his may betrue. 'or as I often have labored in chemical matters, a glasswell stopped, and forgot by me after the things were burned in it.!nd being left so for many months, I may say, many years. !tlast, being opened, has been seen to flame, and burn, andsmoke. #hat I had burnt, I forgot, but they might be the same

things, that I heard of by my friend, that had the same chance.'or when he had boiled 6ithar'e, Tartar, 2ic.lime, andCi##aberin %i#e'ar, until it was all evaporated. !nd thencovering and 6ti#'the vessel well, he set it into a vehementfire. !nd when it was enough, he set it by till it was cold. !ftersome months, when he went to open it to see his work, a flamesuddenly flew out of the vessel, and set on fire some things,when as he thought of no such matter. !nd the the same hashappened to many more. %oreover, when I boiled 6i#seed ilfor the press, when the flames took within, I covered the pot withclothes to put it out. !fter some time I opened the vessel, the

ilat the air coming to it flamed again, and took fire. Bute$perience is against this opinion. 'or who saw a candle shut upclose in a glass %ial, and to keep its flaming uality, and to givelight5 'or theA#cie#tsthought that the souls of the dead didalways rest in the grave, as the ashes do. !nd that they mightnot lie in the dark, they endeavored all they could to send outthis light. "hat their souls might enoy light continually."herefore we must think on another e$periment, and make trial
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12/12

of it. But this must be held for a rare and firm principle in5atre7sshop, that the cause of wonders is because there canbe no %acm. !nd the frame of the work will sooner breakasunder, and all things run to nothing, then there can be anysuch thing. #herefore if a flame were shut up in a glass, and allthe vent holes stopped close, if it could las one moment, it wouldlast continually. !nd it were not possible for it to be put out."here are many wonders declared in this book, and many moreshall be set down, that have no other cause. But how the flameshould be lighted within side. "his is worth the while to know. Itmust be a Liuor or some subtle substance, and that willevaporate but little. !nd if then it can be shut up in the glass,when the glass is shut it will last always. #hich may easily beperformed by burning6glasses, fire, industry, and cunning. Itcannot be e$tinguished, because the air can come in nowhere tofill up the emptiness of the 7ial. "he ilis always turned intosmoke, and this, being it cannot be dissolved into air. It turns toiland kindles again. !nd so it will always by course afford fuelfor the light. &ou have heard the beginnings. -ow search, laborand make trial.

The $n%
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Documents

The Twelfth Book of Natural Magick.doc