Upload
rafael
View
37
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The Troubled Personality. Psychology. Historical Views on Mental Illness. Causes: Demon possession : Treated by prayer and rituals, exorcism Mortal sin: Confession or penance Neuropathology: Surgery to remove organ causing problem Toxins in the body : Surgery and diet - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The Troubled PersonalityPsychology
Historical Views on Mental IllnessCauses:Demon possession: Treated by prayer and
rituals, exorcismMortal sin: Confession or penanceNeuropathology: Surgery to remove organ
causing problemToxins in the body: Surgery and dietChildhood trauma: Psychoanalytic therapyConditioned: Behavior modificationSick society leads to sick behavior: Take
responsibility for your own behavior
Treatment of Mentally IllHistorically: often subjected to cruel
inhumane treatment, less rights than others
Mental hospitals isolated and abused patients, experiment on them
Used as sideshow attractions, persecuted, misunderstood, jailed
1700s is when shift toward fair treatment begins in France and US
Education and understanding are necessary to eliminate stigma and provide treatment and equal rights
Mental Illnesshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
JY8Ic7ombDs&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
UTUMt05_nCIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
u5tabap332chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
QpH15-NoFwIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
xg9TAUqaf0Y
Physical Factors that cause Mental IllnessHeredity: Scientists in search of
specific genes that predispose individuals toward mental illness
Schizophrenia: Severe thought disorder, affects 1% of population◦Grandparent: 4% risk factor◦Parent: 16% risk factor◦Both parents: Over 50% risk factor◦ Identical Twin: Over 50 % risk factor◦Contribution: Growing up in household
with schizophrenic family members?
SchizophreniaErratic behavior, delusions, loss of
contact with reality, breakdowns in communication, inappropriate emotions
Most patients in mental hospital have this diagnosis◦Catatonic: Unresponsive, withdrawn◦Paranoid: Ideas of persecution, fear of
attack, being possessed, etc.◦Hebephrenic: Childish behavior and
delusions
Causes of Mental IllnessEnvironmental Causes: Healthy
people learn to cope with stress/anxiety and resolve conflict
Those with troubled personalities:◦Have trouble handling frustration◦Can’t cope with reality/stress/anxiety◦Have issues with
relationships/interactions◦Can’t function normally in their
family/job/society
Stress and FrustrationResult from unmet personal
needs/desires, pressures, poor relationships, etc.
When stress becomes unbearable, poorly adjusted people: ◦Chose behavior that seems to offer
an escape◦Unable to put off gratification◦Become excessively emotional
Coping with AnxietyDefined as vague worries about what
might happen in the future1 in 50 Americans suffer from Panic
DisorderCauses excessive worry to the point
of exhaustion and inability to respond correctly in emergency situations
Can cause fixation on single thought/pattern, in order to block out other concerns
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBkveiaKfBk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wEU-165NRY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=5jOKtTyulXQ&feature=fvwp
Functioning within the FamilyOften a troubled home life is
what lead to the disorderMaintaining close family
relationships is difficult for the mentally ill◦Living with others can cause extreme
mood swings related to conflicts of interest
◦Puts an extreme strain on marriage and parenthood
Functioning on the JobWork can provide personal
satisfaction, but also cause stress and pressure of competition
Mental Illness effects job performance:◦Anxiety creates a distraction
Tasks aren’t done correctly or are forgotten◦Difficulty coping or interacting
Can cause break downs or issues with customers/coworkers
◦People who have issues with authority figures have trouble holding down jobs
Functioning in SocietyFreedom of action is limited by the
rights of othersEmotionally disturbed people find it
hard to accept limits to their desiresPressure to conform can cause even
more abnormal behaviorIn social situations:
◦Inadequacy leads to insecurity and teasing, leading to more anxiety and increasing abnormal behaviors
Biochemical ImbalancesExcess or deficiency of otherwise
useful chemicals can upset the nervous system
Sometimes created through drug/alcohol abuse
Scientists researching influences of proteins, lithium, steroids, antipsychotic drugs, etc.
Withdrawal from substances can depression and other issues
DiseaseDiseases that affect the nervous
system can lead to abnormal behaviorMemory loss, disruption of speech,
hearing voices, violent behavior, etc. can result from inflammation of brain or pressure from tumors
Strokes interrupt blood flow to brain often result in mental issues
STDs may cause breakdown of brain tissue
Accident TraumaInjury or shock to the body can cause
brain damage that changes personalityTrauma during birth can damage brain
tissue, or lack of oxygen can cause impairments
Damage in small area may be restored with proper therapy
Severe brain damage cannot be reversed and tissue does not grow back
Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderCaused by overwhelming stressful events
like war, natural disasters, or physical assault
Victims avoid activities that recall memories of the traumatic event
Often have trouble sleeping and have terrible nightmares
Other symptoms: emotional numbness, depression, sudden rage, jumpiness, and inability to concentrate
15% of veterans display some symptoms but 1% suffer from full disorder
PTSDhttp://www.youtube.com/user/Vet
eransMTC?v=SqjwV-lsVEshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=0YVRieO7y0o&list=PLDD7C9A2F66BE91F3&feature=plcp
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69ed6xiNPnk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3cbyoXgobI
Depression: A cause and a symptom Feel down, low energy, little
appetite, trouble sleeping no motivation or desire to do anything they normally enjoy
Refuse to be cheered up, enjoy the misery and dwell on thoughts
Healthy person experiences in brief small doses and then gets over it
Chronic or severe depression requires treatment
DepressionCan be brought on by specific event like
divorce or deathCaused by social ills like poverty,
discrimination or unemploymentCan be due to long term family issues,
abuse, chemical imbalance, etc.Clinical Depression: 7% of population
suffer with this severe form◦Twice as many women as men◦3-5% of teens experience despair or
hopelessness of this disorder
Treating DepressionTalk therapy and anti-depressants are
commonElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT):
◦ Invented in 1938: Give patient muscle relaxant and anesthetic
◦ Attach electrodes to comatose patient’s skull and shock their brain
◦ Body stays relaxed, but triggers severe brain convulsion
◦ Double-barreled therapy: Antidepressants with ECT every 3-6 months
◦ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCUmINGae44
Mood Disordershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=mlNCavst2EUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=cKiAz6ndUbUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=uj8hqXd7N_A
ECT: Safe and Helpful?Pro: Benefits patients who would
otherwise remain mentally ill60-70% Show marked improvement in
their ability to cope with life“Safer than aspirin”, memory loss is
only temporary, minimize by confining treatment to one half of the brain
After ECT, many discard plans for suicide, begin responding to therapy
State/Fed approved, only given to those most likely to benefit
ECT: Safe and Healthy? Cons: Depressed patients show improvement without
ECT Not successful with schizophrenic but still being used on
them Results in death in 1 of 1000 patients, memory loss
often lasts 4+ weeks, and for some it’s permanent Wardens in mental hospitals use it as threat for
controlling patients No statistics prove or disprove the argument that it
prevents suicide◦ Ernest Hemingway received treatment, said it destroyed his
ability to write, he killed himself one month after 2nd treatment Lack of adequate studies to prove safety, govt has
approved dangerous things before 100,000 receive ECT each year, $2500 a session,
common therapist’s last resort
Phobiashttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=i7EAsMNZ6uAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=JDvDCqLCdEE
Hallucinations and Delusionshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIr
A6iCke2M
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gc2Nox6PMnc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tn8xLQY53U
Personality DisordersSelf-defeating behavior that hurts others as wellBehavior issues start youngAnti-Social Personality Disorder: Hedonist
◦ Display few symptoms, seem charming and smart◦ Selfish, very good liars, manipulative◦ Conduct Disorder: Delinquency, have issues with
authority figures◦ Like to be in control, will exploit others for personal
gain◦ Often called sociopath, lack of empathy, prone to
aggression◦ Often incapable of selfless love◦ Some link to heredity, also childhood issues, patients
often outgrow the disorder in their 40s
Histrionic Personality DisorderDramatizes every situation,
highly emotionalExpects others to take care of
their needsWild mood swings, can’t cope
with experiences/environmentEmotional outbursts aimed at
attracting attention and sympathy
Passive-Aggressive Personality DisorderNever speak up for what they want, others
must guess what’s wrongCannot show normal aggression in an open
healthy wayInstead, they arrange situations where the
other person cannot possibly succeed in making them happy
Sabotages compromise in underhanded ways
“Nice guy” facade with deep hostility underneath, cannot admit anger and resentment
Narcissistic Personality DisorderOverblown sense of self
importanceFeeling of superiority,
uniqueness, exaggeration of talents, boastfulness
Arrogance and overwhelming need for attention and admiration
Deep feelings of inferiority lie beneath the surface
Tend to exploit others, self-centered and fake
Dissociative Personality Disorderhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=8kPIDt3yu1Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=UWgh2t9FTe8
Brain Damage or DysfunctionImperfect brain development prevents
capacity for high level thoughts or doesn’t leave grain the space to grown to full potential
Abilities do not increase with age, limited self-care but need guardian◦Aplasia◦Microcephaly◦Down Syndrome: Caused by genetic defect,
only develop to age 3-7 -1 in 900 births, odds increase as woman ages -Amniocentesis can detect in developing fetus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I13KxRYqoo0
Autism Milder form is Asperger syndrome 1 in 150 children have it Serious neurological problem that can cause kids to be
mute, have issues with social interactions, sometimes violent tantrums
“Live in their own world” responding to inner drives and needs, often very intelligent
Trouble expressing themselves, prone to self-stimulating repetitive behaviors
Caused by abnormally high levels of serotonin and dopamine in the brain, genetic factors, and sometimes exposure to lead or mercury
Can be treated with medication and punishment/reward system of therapy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeGaffIJvHM
Famous People with Mental Illnesses Bipolar: Catherine Zeta-Jones, Mel Gibson, Carrie
Fisher, Kurt Cobain, Isaac Newton, Beethoven, Van Gogh, Robin Williams, Ozzy Osborne
Depression: Brooke Shields (post partum), Abraham Lincoln, Winston Churchill, Ernest Hemingway, Charles Dickens, Zach Braff, Jim Carey, Sheryl Crow, Billy Joel
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Herschel Walker, a Heisman award-winning running back and former NFL player
ADHD: Michael Phelps, Kurt Cobain OCD: Howard Hughes, Cameron Diaz, David Beckham Anxiety Disorder: Paula Deen Eating Disorders: Elton John, Princess Diana, Mary Kate
Olsen, Richard Simmons