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7/27/2019 The Treaty of Peace Between the Allied and Associated Powers
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THETREATYOFPEACEBETWEENTHEALLIEDANDASSOCIATEDPOWERSANDTURKEYSIGNEDATSVRESAUGUST10,1920THEBRITISHEMPIRE,FRANCE,ITALYANDJAPAN,
ThesePowersbeingdescribedinthepresentTreatyasthePrincipalAlliedPowers;
ARMENIA,BELGIUM,GREECE,THEHEDJAZ,POLAND,PORTUGAL,ROUMANIA,THESERBCROATSLOVENESTATEANDCZECHOSLOVAKIA,
ThesePowersconstituting,withthePrincipalPowersmentionedabove,theAlliedPowers,oftheonepart;
ANDTURKEY,
oftheotherpart;
WhereasontherequestoftheImperialOttomanGovernmentanArmisticewasgrantedtoTurkeyonOctober30,1918,bythePrincipalAlliedPowersinorderthataTreatyofPeacemightbeconcluded,and
WhereastheAlliedPowersareequallydesirousthatthewarinwhichcertainamongthemweresuccessivelyinvolved,directlyorindirectly,againstTurkey,andwhichoriginatedinthedeclarationofwaragainstSerbiaonJuly28,I914,bytheformerImperialandRoyalAustroHungarianGovernment,andinthehostilitiesopenedbyTurkeyagainsttheAlliedPowersonOctober29,1914,andconductedbyGermanyinalliancewithTurkey,shouldbereplacedbyafirm,justanddurablePeace,
ForthispurposetheHIGHCONTRACTINGPARTIEShaveappointedastheirPlenipotentiaries:
HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINANDIRELANDANDOFTHEBRITISHDOMINIONSBEYONDTIIESEAS,EMPEROROF
INDIA:
SirGeorgeDixonGRAHAME,K.C.V.O.,MinisterPlenipotentiaryofHisBritannicMajestyatParis;
fortheDOMINIONofCANADA:
TheHonourableSirGeorgeHalseyPERLEY,K.C.M.G
HighCommissionerforCanadaintheUnitedKingdom;
fortheCOMMONWEALTHofAUSTRALIA:
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TheRightHonourableAndrewFISHER,HighCommissionerforAustraliaintheUnitedKingdom;
fortheDOMINIONofNEWZEALAND:
SirGeorgeDixonGRAHAME,K.C.V.O.,MinisterPlenipotentiaryofHisBritannicMajestyatParis;
fortheUNIONofSOUTHAFRICA:
Mr.ReginaldAndrewBLANKENBERG,O.B.E.,ActingHighCommissionerfortheUnionofSouthAfricaintheUnitedKingdom;
forINDIA:
SirArthurHIRTZEL,K.C.B.,AssistantUnderSecretaryofStateforIndia;
THEPRESIDENTOFTHEFRENCHREPUBLIC:
Mr.AlexandreMILLERAND,PresidentoftheCouncil,MinisterforForeignAffairs
Mr.FredericFRANOISMARSAL,MinisterofFinance
Mr.AugustePaulLouisISAAC,MinisterofCommerceandIndustry;
Mr.JulesCAMBON,AmbassadorofFrance
Mr.GeorgesMauricePALOLOGUE,AmbassadorofFrance,SecretaryGeneraloftheMinistryofForeignAffairs;
HisMAJESTYTHEKINGOFITALY:
CountLELIOBONINLONGARE,SenatoroftheKingdom
Ambassador
Extraordinary
and
Plenipotentiary
of
H.
M.
the
King
of
Italy
at
Paris
GeneralGiovanniMARIETTI,ItalianMilitaryRepresentativeontheSupremeWarCouncil;
HlsMAJESTYTHEEMPEROROFJAPAN:
ViscountCHINDA,AmbassadorExtraordinaryandPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theEmperorofJapanatLondon;
Mr.K.MATSUI,AmbassadorExtraordinaryandPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theEmperorof
JapanatParis;
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ARMENIA:
Mr.AvetisAHARONIAN,PresidentoftheDelegationoftheArmenianRepublic;
HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEBELGIANS:
Mr.JulesVANDENHEUVEL,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiary,MinisterofState;
Mr.ROLINJAEQUEMYNS,MemberoftheInstituteofPrivateInternationalLaw,SecretaryGeneraloftheBelgianDelegation;
HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEHELLENES:
Mr.EleftheriosK.VENIZELOS,PresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters;
Mr.AthosROMANOS,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theKingoftheHellenesatParis;
HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEHEDJAZ:
THEPRESIDENTOFTHEPOLISHREPUBLIC:
CountMauriceZAMOYSKI,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofthePolishRepublicatParis;
Mr.ErasmePILTZ;
THEPRESIDENTOFTHEPORTUGUESEREPUBLIC:
Dr.AffonsodaCOSTA,formerlyPresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters;
HisMAJESTYTHEKINGOFROUMANIA:
Mr.Nicolae
TITULESCU,
Minister
of
Finance;
PrinceDIMITRIEGHIKA,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theKingofRoumaniaatParis;
HlsMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHESERBS,THECROATSANDTHESLOVENES:
Mr.NicolasP.PACHITCH,formerlyPresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters;
Mr.AnteTRUMBIC,MinisterforForeignAffairs;
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THEPRESIDENTOFTHECZECHOSLOVAKREPUBLIC:
Mr.EdwardBENES,MinisterforForeignAffairs;
Mr.StephenOSUSKY,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryoftheCzecho
SlovakRepublicatLondon;
TURKEY:
GeneralHAADIPasha,Senator;
RIZATEVFIKBey,Senator;
RECHADHALISSBey,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofTurkeyatBerne;
WHO,havingcommunicatedtheirfullpowers,foundingoodanddueform,haveAGREEDASFOLLOWS:
FromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatythestateofwarwillterminate.
FromthatmomentandsubjecttotheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,officiairelationswillexistbetweentheAlliedPowersandTurkey.
PARTI.
THECOVENANTOFTHELEAGUEOFNATIONS.
ARTICLES1TO26ANDANNEX
SeePartI,TreatyofVersailles,Pages1023.
PART
II.
FRONTIERSOFTURKEY.
ARTICLE27.
I.InEurope,thefrontiersofTurkeywillbelaiddownasfollows:
1.TheBlackSea:fromtheentranceoftheBosphorustothepointdescribedbelow.
2.With
Greece:
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FromapointtobechosenontheBlackSeanearthemouthoftheBiyukDere,situatedabout7kilometresnorthwestofPodima,southwestwardstothemostnorthwesterlypointofthelimitofthebasinoftheIstranjaDere(about8kilometresnorthwestofIstranja),alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingthroughKapiljaDaghandUchbunarTepe;thencesouthsoutheastwardstoapointtobechosenontherailwayfromChorlutoChatalja
about1kilometrewestoftherailwaystationofSinekli,alinefollowingasfaraspossiblethewesternlimitofthebasinoftheIstranjaDere;thencesoutheastwardstoapointtobechosenbetweenFenerandKurfalionthewatershedbetweenthebasinsofthoseriverswhichflowintoBiyukChekmejeGeul,onthenortheast,andthebasinofthoseriverswhichflowdirectintotheSeaofMarmoraonthesouthwest,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingsouthofSinekli;thencesoutheastwardstoapointtobechosenontheSeaofMarmoraabout1kilometresouthwestofKalikratia,alinefollowingasfaraspossiblethiswatershed.
3.TheSeaofMarmora:fromthepointdefinedabovetotheentranceoftheBosphorus.
II.InAsia,thefrontiersofTurkeywillbelaiddownasfollows:1.OntheWestandSouth:FromtheentranceoftheBosphorusintotheSeaofMarmoratoapointdescribedbelow,situatedintheeasternMediterraneanSeaintheneighbourhoodoftheGulfofAlexandrettanearKaratashBuruntheSeaofMarmora,theDardanelles,andtheEasternMediterraneanSea;theislandsoftheSeaofMarmora,andthosewhicharesituatedwithinadistanceof3
miles
from
the
coast,
remaining
Turkish,
subject
to
the
provisions
of
Section
IV
and
Articles
84and122,PartIII(PoliticalClauses).
2.WithSyria:FromapointtobechosenontheeasternbankoftheoutletoftheHassanDede,about3kilometresnorthwestofKaratashBu run,northeastwardstoapointtobechosenontheDjaihunIrmakabout1kilometrenorthofBabeli,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingnorthofKaratash;thencetoKesikKale,thecourseoftheDjaihunIrmakupstream;thencenortheastwardstoapointtobechosenontheDjaihunIrmakabout15kilometreseastsoutheastofKarsbazar,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingnorthofKaraTepe;
thencetothebendintheDjaihunIrmaksituatedwestofDuldulDagh,thecourseoftheDjaihunIrmakupstream;thenceinageneralsoutheasterlydirectiontoapointtobechosenonEmirMusiDaghabout15kilometressouthsouthwestofGiaourGeulalinetobefixedonthegroundatadistanceofabout18kilometresfromtherailway,andleavingDuldulDaghtoSyria;thenceeastwardstoapointtobechosenabout5kilometresnorthofUrfaagenerallystraightlinefromwesttoeasttobehxedonthegroundpassingnorthoftheroadsconnectingthetownsofBagh che,Aintab,Biridjik,andUrfaandleavingthelastthreenamedtownstoSyria;
thenceeastwardstothesouthwesternextremityofthebendintheTigrisabout6kilometresnorthofAzekh(27kilometreswestofDjezireibnOmar),agenerallystraightlinefromwesttoeasttobefixedonthegroundleavingthetownofMardintoSyria;
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thencetoapointtobechosenontheTigrisbetweenthepointofconfluenceoftheKhaburSuwiththeTigrisandthebendintheTigrissituatedabout10kilometresnorthofthispoint,
thecourseoftheTigrisdownstream,leavingtheislandonwhichissituatedthetownofDjezireibnOmartoSyria.
3.WithMesopotamia:
ThenceinageneraleasterlydirectiontoapointtobechosenonthenorthernboundaryofthevilayetofMosul,
alinetobefixedontheground;
thenceeastwardstothepointwhereitmeetsthefrontierbetweenTurkeyandPersia,
thenorthernboundaryofthevilayetofMosul,modified,however,soastopasssouthofAmadia.
4.OntheEastandtheNorthEast:
FromthepointabovedefinedtotheBlackSea,theexistingfrontierbetweenTurkeyandPersia,thentheformerfrontierbetweenTurkeyandRussia,subjecttotheprovisionsofArticle89.
5.
The
Black
Sea.
ARTICLE28.
ThefrontiersdescribedbythepresentTreatyaretracedontheoneinamillionmapsattachedtothepresentTreaty.Incaseofdifferencesbetweenthetextandthemap,thetextwillprevail.[SeeIntroduction.]
ARTICLE29.
BoundaryCommissions,whosecompositionisorwillbefixedinthepresentTreatyorinTreatiessupplementarythereto,willhavetotracethesefrontiersontheground.
Theyshallhavethepower,notonlyoffixingthoseportionswhicharedefinedas alinetobefixedontheground,butalso,iftheCommissionconsidersitnecessary,ofrevisinginmattersofdetailportionsdefinedbyadministrativeboundariesorotherwise.TheyshallendeavourinallcasestofollowasnearlyaspossiblethedescriptionsgivenintheTreaties,takingintoaccount,asfaraspossible,administrativeboundariesandlocaleconomicinterests.
ThedecisionsoftheCommissionswillbetakenbyamajority,andshallbebindingonthepartiesconcerned.
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TheexpensesoftheBoundaryCommissionswillbeborneinequalsharesbythepartiesconcerned.
ARTICLE30.
Insofarasfrontiersdefinedbyawaterwayareconcerned,thephrases course or channelusedinthedescriptionsofthepresentTreatysignify,asregardsnonnavigablerivers,themedianlineofthewaterwayorofitsprincipalbranch,and,asregardsnavigablerivers,themedianlineoftheprincipalchannelofnavigation.ItwillrestwiththeBoundaryCommissionsprovidedforbythepresentTreatytospecifywhetherthefrontierlineshallfollowanychangesofthecourseorchannelwhichmaytakeplace,orwhetheritshallbedefinitelyfixedbythepositionofthecourseorchannelatthetimewhenthepresentTreatycomesintoforce.
In
the
absence
of
provisions
to
the
contrary
in
the
present
Treaty,
islands
and
islets
Iying
withinthreemilesofthecoastareincludedwithinthefrontierofthecoastalState.
ARTICLE31.
ThevariousStatesconcernedundertaketofurnishtotheCommissionsalldocumentsnecessaryfortheirtasks,especiallyauthenticcopiesofagreementsfixingexistingoroldfrontiers,alllargescalemapsinexistence,geodeticdata,surveyscompletedbutunpublished,andinformationconcerningthechangesoffrontierwatercourses.Themaps,geodeticdata,andsurveys,evenifunpublished,whichareinthepossessionoftheTurkish
authoritiesmustbedeliveredatConstantinople,withinthirtydaysfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,tosuchrepresentativeoftheCommissionsconcernedasmaybeappointedbytheprincipalAlliedPowers.
TheStatesconcernedalsoundertaketoinstructthelocalauthoritiestocommunicatetotheCommissionsalldocuments,especiallyplans,cadastralandlandbooks,andtofurnishondemandalldetailsregardingproperty,existingeconomicconditions,andothernecessaryinformation.
ARTICLE32.
ThevariousStatesinterestedundertaketogiveeveryassistancetotheBoundaryCommissions,whetherdirectlyorthroughlocalauthorities,ineverythingthatconcernstransport,accommodation,labour,materials(signposts,boundarypillars)necessaryfortheaccomplishmentoftheirmission.
InparticulartheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofurnishtothePrincipalAlliedPowerssuchtechnicalpersonnelastheymayconsidernecessarytoassisttheBoundaryCommissionsintheaccomplishmentoftheirmission.
ARTICLE33.
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ThevariousStatesinterestedundertaketosafeguardthetrigonometricalpoints,signals,postsorfrontiermarkserectedbytheCommissions.
ARTICLE34
Thepillarswillbeplacedsoastobeintervisible;theywillbenumbered,andtheirpositionandtheirnumberwillbenotedonacartographicdocument.
ARTICLE35.
Theprotocolsdefiningtheboundaryandthemapsanddocumentsattachedtheretowillbemadeoutintriplicate,ofwhichtwocopieswillbeforwardedtotheGovernmentsofthelimitropheStates,andthethirdtotheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublic,whichwilldeliverauthenticcopiestothePowerswhosignthepresentTreaty.
PARTIII.
POLITICALCLAUSES.SECTIONI.CONSTANTINOPLE.ARTICLE36.
SubjecttotheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,theHighContractingPartiesagreethatthe
rightsandtitleoftheTurkishGovernmentoverConstantinopleshallnotbeaffected,andthatthesaidGovernmentandHisMajestytheSultanshallbeentitledtoresidethereandtomaintaintherethecapitaloftheTurkishState.
Nevertheless,intheeventofTurkeyfailingtoobservefaithfullytheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,orofanytreatiesorconventionssupplementarythereto,particularlyasregardstheprotectionoftherightsofracial,religiousorlinguisticminorities,theAlliedPowersexpresslyreservetherighttomodifytheaboveprovisions,andTurkeyherebyagreestoacceptanydispositionswhichmaybetakeninthisconnection.
SECTIONII.
STRAITS.
ARTICLE37.
ThenavigationoftheStraits,includingtheDardanelles,theSeaofMarmoraandtheBosphorus,shallinfuturebeopen,bothinpeaceandwar,toeveryvesselofcommerceorofwarandtomilitaryandcommercialaircraft,withoutdistinctionofflag.
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Thesewatersshallnotbesubjecttoblockade,norshallanybelligerentrightbeexercisednoranyactofhostilitybecommittedwithinthem,unlessinpursuanceofadecisionoftheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.
ARTICLE33.
TheTurkishGovernmentrecognisesthatitisnecessarytotakefurthermeasurestoensurethefreedomofnavigationprovidedforinArticle37,andaccordinglydelegates,sofarasitisconcerned,toaCommissiontobecalledthe CommissionoftheStraits, andhereinafterreferredtoas theCommission, thecontrolofthewatersspecifiedinArticle39.
TheGreekGovernment,sofarasitisconcerned,delegatestotheCommissionthesamepowersandundertakestogiveitinallrespectsthesamefacilities.
SuchcontrolshallbeexercisedinthenameoftheTurkishandGreekGovernmentsrespectively,andinthemannerprovidedinthisSection.
ARTICLE39.
TheauthorityoftheCommissionwillextendtoallthewatersbetweentheMediterraneanmouthoftheDardanellesandtheBlackSeamouthoftheBosphorus,andtothewaterswithinthreemilesofeachofthesemouths.
Thisauthoritymaybeexercisedonshoretosuchextentasmaybenecessaryforthe
executionoftheprovisionsofthisSection.
ARTICLE40.
TheCommissionshallbecomposedofrepresentativesappointedrespectivelybytheUnitedStatesofAmerica(ifandwhenthatGovernmentiswillingtoparticipate),theBritishEmpire,France,Italy,Japan,Russia(ifandwhenRussiabecomesamemberoftheLeagueofNations),Greece,Roumania,andBulgariaandTurkey(ifandwhenthetwolatterStatesbecomemembersoftheLeagueofNations).EachPowershallappointonerepresentative.TherepresentativesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,theBritishEmpire,France,Italy,JapanandRussiashalleachhavetwovotes.TherepresentativesofGreece,Roumania,andBulgariaandTurkeyshalleachhaveonevote.EachCommissionershallberemovableonlybytheGovernmentwhichappointedhim.
ARTICLE41.
TheCommissionersshallenjoy,withinthelimitsspecifiedinArticle39,diplomaticprivilegesandimmunities.
ARTICLE42.
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TheCommissionwillexercisethepowersconferredonitbythepresentTreatyincompleteindependenceofthelocalauthority.Itwillhaveitsownflag,itsownbudgetanditsseparateorganisation.
ARTICLE43.
WithinthelimitsofitsjurisdictionaslaiddowninArticle39theCommissionwillbechargedwiththefollowingduties:
(a)theexecutionofanyworksconsiderednecessaryfortheimprovementofthechannelsortheapproachestoharbours;
(b)thelightingandbuoyingofthechannels;
(c)thecontrolofpilotageandtowage;
(d)thecontrolofanchorages;
(e)thecontrolnecessarytoassuretheapplicationintheports
ofConstantinopleandHaidarPashaoftheregimeprescribedinArticles335to344,PartXI(Ports,WaterwaysandRailways)ofthepresentTreaty;
(f)thecontrolofallmattersrelatingtowrecksandsalvage;
(g)thecontroloflighterage;
ARTICLE44.
IntheeventoftheCommissionfindingthatthelibertyofpassageisbeinginterferedwith,itwillinformtherepresentativesatConstantinopleoftheAlliedPowersprovidingtheoccupyingforcesprovidedforinArticle178.TheserepresentativeswillthereuponconcertwiththenavalandmilitarycommandersofthesaidforcessuchmeasuresasmaybedeemednecessarytopreservethefreedomoftheStraits.Similaractionshallbetakenbythesaid
representativesintheeventofanyexternalactionthreateningthelibertyofpassageoftheStraits.
ARTICLE45.
Forthepurposeoftheacquisitionofanypropertyortheexecutionofanypermanentworkswhichmayberequired,theCommissionshallbeentitledtoraisesuchloansasitmayconsidernecessary.Theseloanswillbesecured,sofaraspossible,ontheduestobeleviedontheshippingusingtheStraits,asprovidedinArticle53.
ARTICLE46.
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ThefunctionspreviouslyexercisedbytheConstantinopleSuperiorCouncilofHealthandtheTurkishSanitaryAdministrationwhichwasdirectedbythesaidCouncil,andthefunctionsexercisedbytheNationalLifeboatServiceoftheBosphoruswillwithinthelimitsspecifiedinArticle39bedischargedunderthecontroloftheCommissionandinsuchmannerasitmaydirect.
TheCommissionwillcooperateintheexecutionofanycommonpolicyadoptedbytheLeagueofNationsforpreventingandcombatingdisease.
ARTICLE47.
SubjecttothegeneralpowersofcontrolconferredupontheCommission,therightsofanypersonsorcompaniesnowholdingconcessionsrelatingtolighthouses,docks,quaysorsimilarmattersshallbemaintained;buttheCommissionshallbeentitledifitthinksit
necessary
in
the
general
interest
to
buy
out
or
modify
such
rights
upon
the
conditions
laid
downinArticle311PartIX(EconomicClauses)ofthepresentTreaty,oritselftotakeupanewconcession.
ARTICLE48.
InordertofacilitatetheexecutionofthedutieswithwhichitisentrustedbythisSection,theCommissionshallhavepowertoorganisesuchaforceofspecialpoliceasmaybenecessary.ThisforceshallbedrawnsofaraspossiblefromthenativepopulationofthezoneoftheStraitsandislandsreferredtoinArticle178,PartV(Military,NavalandAirClauses),
excludingtheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,TenedosandMitylene.ThesaidforceshallbecommandedbyforeignpoliceofficersappointedbytheCommission.
ARTICLE49.
IntheportionofthezoneoftheStraits,includingtheislandsoftheSeaofMarmora,whichremainsTurkish,andpendingthecomingintoforceofthereformoftheTurkishjudicialsystemprovidedforinArticleI36,allinfringementsoftheregulationsandbylawsmadebytheCommission,committedbynationalsofcapitulatoryPowers,shallbedealtwithbythe
Consular
Courts
of
the
said
Powers.
The
Allied
Powers
agree
to
make
such
infringements
justiciablebeforetheirConsularCourtsorauthorities.InfringementscommittedbyTurkishnationalsornationalsofnoncapitulatoryPowersshallbedealtwithbythecompetentTurkishjudicialauthorities.
IntheportionofthesaidzoneplacedunderGreeksovereigntysuchinfringementswillbedealtwithbythecompetentGreekjudicialauthorities.
ARTICLE50.
TheofficersormembersofthecrewofanymerchantvesselvwithinthelimitsofthejurisdictionoftheCommissionwhomaybearrestedonshoreforanyoffencecommittedeitherashoreorafloatwithinthelimitsofthesaidjurisdictionshallbebroughtbeforethe
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competentjudicialauthoritybytheCommissionspolice.IftheaccusedwasarrestedotherwisethanbytheCommissionspoliceheshallimmediatelybehandedovertothem.
ARTICLE51.
TheCommissionshallappointsuchsubordinateofficersorofficialsasmaybefoundindispensabletoassistitincarryingoutthedutieswithwhichitischarged.
ARTICLE52.
InallmattersrelatingtothenavigationofthewaterswithinthelimitsofthejurisdictionoftheCommissionalltheshipsreferredtoinArticle37shallbetreateduponafootingofabsoluteequality.
ARTICLE53.
SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle47theexistingrightsunderwhichduesandchargescanbeleviedforvariouspurposes,whetherdirectbytheTurkishGovernmentorbyinternationalbodiesorprivatecompanies,onshipsorcargoeswithinthelimitsofthejurisdictionoftheCommissionshallbetransferredtotheCommisssionTheCommissionshallfixtheseduesandchargesatsuchamountsonlyasmaybereasonablynecessarytocoverthecostoftheworksexecutedandtheservicesrenderedtoshipping,includingthegeneralcostsandexpensesoftheadministrationoftheCommission,andthesalariesandpayprovidedforinparagraph3oftheAnnextothisSection.
ForthesepurposesonlyandwiththepriorconsentoftheCounciloftheLeagueofNationstheCommissionmayalsoestablishduesandchargesotherthanthosenowexistingandfixtheiramounts.
ARTICLE54.
AllduesandchargesimposedbytheCommissionshallbeleviedwithoutanydiscriminationandonafootingofabsoluteequalitybetweenallvessels,whatevertheirportoforigin,destinationordeparture,theirflagorownership,orthenationalityorownershipoftheircargoes.
ThisdispositiondoesnotaffecttherightoftheCommissiontofixinaccordancewithtonnagetheduesprovidedforbythisSection.
ARTICLE55.
TheTurkishandGreekGovernmentsrespectivelyundertaketofacilitatetheacquisitionbytheCommissionofsuchlandandbuildingsastheCommissionshallconsideritnecessaryto
acquireinordertocarryouteffectivelythedutieswithwhichitisentrusted.
ARTICLE56.
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ShipsofwarintransitthroughthewatersspecifiedinArticle39shallconforminallrespectstotheregulationsissuedbytheCommissionfortheobservanceoftheordinaryrulesofnavigationandofsanitaryrequirements.
ARTICLE57.
(1)BelligerentwarshipsshallnotrevictualnortakeinstoresexceptsofarasmaybestrictlynecessarytoenablethemtocompletethepassageoftheStraitsandtoreachthenearestportwheretheycancall,norshalltheyreplenishorincreasetheirsuppliesofwarmaterialortheirarmamentorcompletetheircrews,withinthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommission.Onlysuchrepairsasareabsolutelynecessarytorenderthemseaworthyshallbecarriedout,andtheyshallnotaddinanymannerwhatevertotheirfightingforce.TheCommissionshalldecidewhatrepairsarenecessary,andthesemustbecarriedoutwiththeleastpossibledelay.
(2)ThepassageofbelligerentwarshipsthroughthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommissionshallbeeffectedwiththeleastpossibledelay,andwithoutanyotherinterruptionthanthatresultingfromthenecessitiesoftheservice.
(3)ThestayofsuchwarshipsatportswithinthejurisdictionoftheCommissionshallnotexceedtwentyfourhoursexceptincaseofdistress.Insuchcasetheyshallbeboundtoleaveassoonaspossible.AnintervalofatleasttwentyfourhoursshallalwayselapsebetweenthesailingofabelligerentshipfromthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommissionandthedepartureofashipbelongingtoanopposingbelligerent.
(4)AnyfurtherregulationsaffectingintimeofwarthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommission,andrelatinginparticulartothepassageofwarmaterialandcontrabanddestinedfortheenemiesofTurkey,orrevictualling,takinginstoresorcarryingoutrepairsinthesaidwaters,willbelaiddownbytheLeagueofNations.
ARTICLE58.
Prizesshallinallrespectsbesubjectedtothesameconditionsasbelligerentvesselsofwar.
ARTICLE59.
Nobelligerentshallembarkordisembarktroops,munitionsofwarorwarlikematerialsinthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommission,exceptincaseofaccidentalhindranceofthepassage,andinsuchcasesthepassageshallberesumedwithallpossibledespatch.
ARTICLE60.
NothinginArticles57,58or59shallbedeemedtolimitthepowersofabelligerentor
belligerentsactinginpursuanceofadecisionbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.
ARTICLE61.
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AnydifferenceswhichmayarisebetweenthePowersastotheinterpretationorexecutionoftheprovisionsofthisSection,andasregardsConstantinopleandHaidarPashaoftheprovisionsofArticles335to344,PartXl(Ports,Waterways,andRailways)shallbereferredtotheCommission.IntheeventofthedecisionoftheCommissionnotbeingacceptedbyanyPower,thequestionshall,onthedemandofanyPowerconcerned,besettledasprovidedby
theLeagueofNations,pendingwhosedecisiontherulingoftheCommissionwillbecarriedout.
ANNEX
1.
TheChairmanshipoftheCommissionoftheStraitsshallberotatoryfortheperiodoftwoyearsamongthemembersoftheCommissionentitledtotwovotes.
TheCommissionshalltakedecisionsbyamajorityvoteandtheChairmanshallhaveacastingvote.Abstentionshallberegardedasavoteagainsttheproposalunderdiscussion.
EachoftheCommissionerswillhavetherighttodesignateadeputyCommissionertoreplacehiminhisabsence.
2
ThesalaryofeachmemberoftheCommissionwillbepaidbytheGovernmentwhich
appointedhim;thesesalarieswillbefixedatreasonableamountsagreeduponfromtimetotimebetweentheGovernmentsrepresentedontheCommission.
3
ThesalariesofthepoliceofficersreferredtoinArticle48,ofsuchotherofficialsandofficersasmaybeappointedunderArticle51,andthepayofthelocalpolicereferredtoinArticle48,shallbepaidoutofthereceiptsfromtheduesandchargesleviedonshipping.
TheCommissionshallframeregulationsastothetermsandcondltionsofemploymentofallofficersandofficialsappointed
4
TheCommissionshallhaveatitsdisposalsuchvesselsasmaybenecessarytoenableittocarryoutitsfunctionsaslaiddowninthisSectionandAnnex.
5
Inorder
to
carry
out
all
the
duties
with
which
it
is
charged
by
the
provisions
of
this
Section
andAnnexandwithinthelimitsthereinlaiddowntheCommissionwillhavethepowerto
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prepare,issueandenforcethenecessaryregulations;thispowerwillincludetherightofamendingsofarasmaybenecessaryorrepealingtheexistingregulations.
6.
TheCommissionshallframeregulationsastothemannerinwhichtheaccountsofallrevenuesandexpenditureofthefundsunderitscontrolshallbekept,theauditingofsuchaccountsandthepublicationeveryyearofafullandaccuratereportthereof.
SECTIONIII.KURDISTAN.ARTICLE62.
ACommissionsittingatConstantinopleandcomposedofthreemembersappointedbytheBritish,FrenchandItalianGovernmentsrespectivelyshalldraftwithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyaschemeoflocalautonomyforthepredominantlyKurdishareaslyingeastoftheEuphrates,southofthesouthernboundaryofArmeniaasitmaybehereafterdetermined,andnorthofthefrontierofTurkeywithSyriaandMesopotamia,asdefinedinArticle27,II(2)and(3).Ifunanimitycannotbesecuredonanyquestion,itwillbereferredbythemembersoftheCommissiontotheirrespectiveGovernments.TheschemeshallcontainfullsafeguardsfortheprotectionoftheAssyroChaldeansandotherracialorreligiousminoritieswithintheseareas,andwiththisobjectaCommissioncomposedofBritish,French,Italian,PersianandKurdishrepresentativesshallvisitthespottoexamineanddecidewhatrectifications,ifany,shouldbemadeintheTurkishfrontierwhere,undertheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,thatfrontiercoincideswiththatofPersia.
ARTICLE63.
TheTurkishGovernmentherebyagreestoacceptandexecutethedecisionsofboththeCommissionsmentionedinArticle62withinthreemonthsfromtheircommunicationtothesaidGovernment.
ARTICLE64.
IfwithinoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheKurdishpeopleswithintheareasdefinedinArticle62shalladdressthemselvestotheCounciloftheLeagueofNationsinsuchamannerastoshowthatamajorityofthepopulationoftheseareasdesiresindependencefromTurkey,andiftheCouncilthenconsidersthatthesepeoplesarecapableofsuchindependenceandrecommendsthatitshouldbegrantedtothem,Turkeyherebyagreestoexecutesucharecommendation,andtorenounceallrightsandtitleovertheseareas.
ThedetailedprovisionsforsuchrenunciationwillformthesubjectofaseparateagreementbetweenthePrincipalAlliedPowersandTurkey.
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Ifandwhensuchrenunciationtakesplace,noobjectionwillberaisedbythePrincipalAlliedPowerstothevoluntaryadhesiontosuchanindependentKurdishStateoftheKurdsinhabitingthatpartofKurdistanwhichhashithertobeenincludedintheMosulvilayet.
SECTIONIV.
SMYRNA.ARTICLE65.
TheprovisionsofthisSectionwillapplytothecityofSmyrnaandtheadjacentterritorydefinedinArticle66,untilthedeterminationoftheirfinalstatusinaccordancewithArticle83.
ARTICLE66.
ThegeographicallimitsoftheterritoryadjacenttothecityofSmyrnawillbelaiddownasfollows:
FromthemouthoftheriverwhichflowsintotheAegeanSeaabout5kilometresnorthofSkalanova,eastwards,
thecourseofthisriverupstream;
thensoutheastwards,thecourseofthesouthernbranchofthisriver;
thensouth
eastwards,
to
the
western
point
of
the
crest
of
the
Gumush
Dagh;
AlinetobefixedonthegroundpassingwestofChinarK,andeastofAkcheOva;
thencenortheastwards,thiscrestline;
thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenontherailwayfromAyasoluktoDeirmendikabout1kilometrewestofBalachikstation,
alinetobefixedonthegroundleavingtheroadandrailwayfromSokiatoBalachikstation
entirelyinTurkishterritory;
thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenonthesouthernboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna,
alinetobefixedontheground;thencetoapointtobechosenintheneighbourhoodofBosDaghsituatedabout15kilometresnortheastofOdemish,thesouthernandeasternboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna;
thence
northwards
to
a
point
to
be
chosen
on
the
railway
from
Manisa
to
Alashehr
about
6
kilometreswestofSalihli,alinetobefixedontheground;
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thencenorthwardstoGeurenezDagh,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingeastofMermerGeulwestofKemer,crossingtheKumChaiapproximatelysouthofAkshalan,andthenfollowingthewatershedwestofKavakalan;
thencenorthwestwardstoapointtobechosenontheboundarybetweentheCazasofKirkagachandAkHissarabout18kilometreseastofKirkagachand20kilometresnorthofAkHissar,
alinetobefixedontheground;thencewestwardstoitsjunctionwiththeboundaryoftheCazaofSoma,
thesouthernboundaryoftheCazaofKirkagach,thencewestwardstoitsjunctionwiththeboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna,
the
southern
boundary
of
the
Caza
of
Soma;
thencenorthwardstoitsjunctionwiththeboundaryofthevilayetofSmyrna,
thenortheasternboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna;thencewestwardstoapointtobechosenintheneighbourhood
ofCharpajik(Tepe).
thenorthernboundaryofthevilayetofSmyrna;
thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenonthegroundabout4kilometressouthwestofKeuiluje,
alinetobefixedontheground;
thencewestwardstoapointtobeselectedonthegroundbetweenCapeDahlinaandKemerIskele,
alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingsouthofKemerandKemerIskeletogetherwiththeroadjoiningtheseplaces.
ARTICLE67.
ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytotraceonthespottheboundariesoftheterritoriesdescribedinArticle66.ThisCommissionshallbecomposedofthreemembersnominatedbytheBritish,FrenchandItalianGovernmentsrespectively,onemembernominatedbytheGreekGovernment,andonenominatedbytheTurkishGovernment.
ARTICLE68.
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SubjecttotheprovisionsofthisSection,thecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66willbeassimilated,intheapplicationofthepresentTreaty,toterritorydetachedfromTurkey.
ARTICLE69
ThecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66remainunderTurkishsovereignty.Turkey,however,transferstotheGreekGovernmenttheexerciseofherrightsofsovereigntyoverthecityofSmyrnaandthesaidterritory.InwitnessofsuchsovereigntytheTurkishflagshallremainpermanentlyhoistedoveranouterfortinthetownofSmyrna.ThefortwillbedesignatedbythePrincipalAlliedPowers.
ARTICLE70.
TheGreekGovernmentwillberesponsiblefortheadministrationofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66,andwilleffectthisadministrationbymeansofabodyofofficialswhichitwillappointspeciallyforthepurpose.
ARTICLE71.
TheGreekGovernmentshallbeentitledtomaintaininthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66themilitaryforcesrequiredforthemaintenanceoforderandpublicsecurity.
ARTICLE72.
Alocalparliamentshallbesetupwithanelectoralsystemcalculatedtoensureproportionalrepresentationofallsectionsofthepopulation,includingracial,linguisticandreligiousminorities.WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheGreekGovernmentshallsubmittotheCounciloftheLeagueofNationsaschemeforanelectoralsystemcomplyingwiththeaboverequirements;thisschemeshallnotcomeintoforceuntilapprovedbyamajorityoftheCouncil.
TheGreekGovernmentshallbeentitledtopostponetheelectionsforsolongasmayberequiredforthereturnoftheinhabitantswhohavebeenbanishedordeportedbytheTurkishauthorities,butsuchpostponementshallnotexceedaperiodofoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty.
ARTICLE73.
TherelationsbetweentheGreekadministrationandthelocalparliamentshallbedeterminedbythesaidadministrationinaccordancewiththeprinciplesoftheGreekConstitution.
ARTICLE74.
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CompulsorymilitaryserviceshallnotbeenforcedinthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66pendingthefinaldeterminationoftheirstatusinaccordancewithArticle83.
ARTICLE75.
TheprovisionsoftheseparateTreatyreferredtoinArticle86relatingtotheprotectionofracial,linguisticandreligiousminorities,andtofreedomofcommerceandtransit,shallbeapplicabletothecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.
ARTICLE76.
TheGreekGovernmentmayestablishaCustomsboundaryalongthefrontierlinedefinedinArticle66,andmayincorporatethecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinthesaidArticleintheGreekcustomssystem.
ARTICLE77.
TheGreekGovernmentengagestotakenomeasureswhichwouldhavetheeffectofdepreciatingtheexistingTurkishcurrency,whichshallretainitscharacteraslegaltenderpendingthedetermination,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle83,ofthefinalstatusoftheterritory.
ARTICLE78.
TheprovisionsofPartXI(Ports,WaterwaysandRailways)relatingtotheregimeofportsofinternationalinterest,freeportsandtransitshallbeapplicabletothecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.
ARTICLE79.
Asregardsnationality,suchinhabitantsofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66asareofTurkishnationalityandcannotclaimanyothernationalityunderthetermsofthepresentTreatyshallbetreatedonexactlythesamefootingasGreeknationals.Greeceshallprovidefortheirdiplomaticandconsularprotectionabroad.
ARTICLE80.
TheprovisionsofArticle24I,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)willapplyinthecaseofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.
TheprovisionsofArticle293,PartIX(EconomicClauses)willnotbeapplicableinthecaseofthesaidcityandterritory.
ARTICLE8I.
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Untilthedetermination,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle83,ofthefinalstatusofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66,therightstoexploitthesaltmarshesofPhoceabelongingtotheAdministrationoftheOttomanPublicDebt,includingallplantandmachineryandmaterialsfortransportbylandorsea,shallnotbealteredorinterferedwith.Notaxorchargeshallbeimposedduringthisperiodonthemanufacture,exportationor
transportofsaltproducedfromthesemarshes.TheGreekadministrationwillhavetherighttoregulateandtaxtheconsumptionofsaltatSymrnaandwithintheterritorydefinedinArticle66.
IfaftertheexpirationoftheperiodreferredtointheprecedingparagraphGreececonsidersitopportuhetoeffectchangesintheprovisionsabovesetforth,thesaltmarshesofPhoceawillbetreatedasaconcessionandtheguaranteesprovidedbyArticle312,PartIX(EconomicClauses)willapply,subject,however,totheprovisionsofArticle246,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreaty.
ARTICLE82.
SubsequentagreementswilldecideallquestionswhicharenotdecidedbythepresentTreatyandwhichmayarisefromtheexecutionoftheprovisionsofthisSection.
ARTICLE83.
WhenaperiodoffiveyearsshallhaveelapsedafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatythelocalparliamentreferredtoinArticle72may,byamajorityofvotes,askthe
CounciloftheLeagueofNationsforthedefinitiveincorporationintheKingdomofGreeceofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.TheCouncilmayrequire,asapreliminary,aplebisciteunderconditionswhichitwilllaydown.
Intheeventofsuchincorporationasaresultoftheapplicationoftheforegoingparagraph,theTurkishsovereigntyreferredtoinArticle69shallcease.TurkeyherebyrenouncesinthateventinfavourofGreeceallrightsandtitleoverthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.
SECTIONV.
GREECE.
ARTICLE84.
WithoutprejudicetothefrontiersofBulgarialaiddownbytheTreatyofPeacesignedatNeuillysurSeineonNovember27,1919,TurkeyrenouncesinfavourofGreeceallrightsandtitleovertheterritoriesoftheformerTurkishEmpireinEuropesituatedoutsidethefrontiersofTurkeyaslaiddownbythepresentTreaty.
TheislandsoftheSeaofMarmoraarenotincludedinthetransferofsovereigntyeffectedbytheaboveparagraph.
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TurkeyfurtherrenouncesinfavourofGreeceallherrightsandtitleovertheislandsofImbrosandTenedos.ThedecisiontakenbytheConferenceofAmbassadorsatLondoninexecutionofArticles5oftheTreatyofLondonofMay1730,1913,and15oftheTreatyofAthensofNovember114,1913,andnotifiedtotheGreekGovermnentonFebruary13,1914,relatingtothesovereigntyofGreeceovertheotherislandsoftheEasternMediterranean,
particularlyLemnos,Samothrace,Mytilene,Chios,SamosandNikaria,isconfirmed,withoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofthepresentTreatyrelatingtotheislandsplacedunderthesovereigntyofItalyandreferredtoinArticle122,andtotheislandslyinglessthanthreemilesfronthecoastofAsia.
Nevertheless,intheportionofthezoneoftheStraitsandtheislands,referredtoinArticle178,whichunderthepresentTreatyareplacedunderGreeksovereignty,Greeceacceptsandundertakestoobserve,failinganycontrarystipulationinthepresentTreaty,alltheobligationswhich,inordertoassurethefreedomoftheStraits,areimposedbythepresent
TreatyonTurkeyinthatportionofthesaidzone,includingtheislandsoftheSeaofMarmora,whichremainsunderTurkishsovereignty.
ARTICLE85.
ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytotraceonthespotthefrontierlinedescribedinArticle27,1(2).ThisCommissionshallbecomposedoffourmembersnominatedbythePrincipalAlliedPowers,onemembernominatedbyGreece,andonemembernominatedbyTurkey.
ARTICLE86.
GreeceacceptsandagreestoembodyinaseparateTreatysuchprovisionsasmaybedeemednecessary,particularlyasregardsAdrianople,toprotecttheinterestsofinhabitantsofthatStatewhodifferfromthemajorityofthepopulationinrace,languageorreligion.
GreecefurtheracceptsandagreestoembodyinaseparateTreatysuchprovisionsasmaybedeemednecessarytoprotectfreedomoftransitandequitabletreatmentforthecommerceofothernations.
ARTICLE87.
TheproportionandnatureofthefinancialobligationsofTurkeywhichGreecewillhavetoassumeonaccountoftheterritoryplacedunderhersovereigntywillbedeterminedinaccordancewithArticles241to244,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreaty.
SubsequentagreementswilldecideallquestionswhicharenotdecidedbythepresentTreatyandwhichmayariseinconsequenceofthetransferofthesaidterritories.
SECTIONVI.
ARMENIA.
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ARTICLE88.
Turkey,inaccordancewiththeactionalreadytakenbytheAlliedPowers,herebyrecognisesArmeniaasafreeandindependentState.
ARTICLE89.
TurkeyandArmeniaaswellastheotherHighContractingPartiesagreetosubmittothearbitrationofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericathequestionofthefrontiertobefixedbetweenTurkeyandArmeniainthevilayetsofErzerum,Trebizond,VanandBitlis,andtoaccepthisdecisionthereupon,aswellasanystipulationshemayprescribeastoaccessforArmeniatothesea,andastothedemilitarisationofanyportionofTurkishterritoryadjacenttothesaidfrontier.
ARTICLE90.
IntheeventofthedeterminationofthefrontierunderArticle89involvingthetransferofthewholeoranypartoftheterritoryofthesaidVilayetstoArmenia,Turkeyherebyrenouncesasfromthedateofsuchdecisionallrightsandtitleovertheterritorysotransferred.TheprovisionsofthepresentTreatyapplicabletoterritorydetachedfromTurkeyshallthereuponbecomeapplicabletothesaidterritory.
TheproportionandnatureofthefinancialobligationsofTurkeywhichArmeniawillhavetoassume,oroftherightswhichwillpasstoher,onaccountofthetransferofthesaidterritory
willbedeterminedinaccordancewithArticles241to244,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreaty.
Subsequentagreementswill,ifnecessary,decideallquestionswhicharenotdecidedbythepresentTreatyandwhichmayariseinconsequenceofthetransferofthesaidterritory.
ARTICLE91.
IntheeventofanyportionoftheterritoryreferredtoinArticle89beingtransferredtoArmenia,aBoundaryCommission,whosecompositionwillbedeterminedsubsequently,willbeconstitutedwithinthreemonthsfromthedeliveryofthedecisionreferredtointhesaidArticletotraceonthespotthefrontierbetweenArmeniaandTurkeyasestablishedbysuchdecision.
ARTICLE92.
ThefrontiersbetweenArmeniaandAzerbaijanandGeorgiarespectivelywillbedeterminedbydirectagreementbetweentheStatesconcerned.
IfineithercasetheStatesconcernedhavefailedtodeterminethefrontierbyagreementatthedateofthedecisionreferredtoinArticle89,thefrontierlineinquestionwillbedeterminedbythePricipalAlliedPowers,whowillalsoprovideforitsbeingtracedonthespot.
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ARTICLE93.
ArmeniaacceptsandagreestoembodyinaTreatywiththePrincipalAlliedPowerssuchprovisionsasmaybedeemednecessarybythesePowerstoprotecttheinterestsofinhabitantsofthatStatewhodifferfromthemajorityofthepopulationinrace,language,or
religion.
ArmeniafurtheracceptsandagreestoembodyinaTreatywiththePrincipalAlliedPowerssuchprovisionsasthesePowersmaydeemnecessarytoprotectfreedomoftransitandequitabletreatmentforthecommerceofothernations.
SECTIONVII.SYRIA,MESOPOTAMIA,PALESTINE.ARTICLE94.
TheHighContractingPartiesagreethatSyriaandMesopotamiashall,inaccordancewiththefourthparagraphofArticle22.
PartI(CovenantoftheLeagueofNations),beprovisionallyrecognisedasindependentStatessubjecttotherenderingofadministrativeadviceandassistancebyaMandatoryuntilsuchtimeastheyareabletostandalone.
ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytotraceonthespotthefrontierlinedescribedinArticle27,II(2)and(3).This
CommissionwillbecomposedofthreemembersnominatedbyFrance,GreatBritainandItalyrespectively,andonemembernominatedbyTurkey;itwillbeassistedbyarepresentativeofSyriafortheSyrianfrontier,andbyarepresentativeofMesopotamiafortheMesopotamianfrontier.
ThedeterminationoftheotherfrontiersofthesaidStates,andtheselectionoftheMandatories,willbemadebythePrincipalAlliedPowers.
ARTICLE95.
TheHighContractingPartiesagreetoentrust,byapplicationoftheprovisionsofArticle22,theadministrationofPalestine,withinsuchboundariesasmaybedeterminedbythePrincipalAlliedPowers,toaMandatorytobeselectedbythesaidPowers.TheMandatorywillberesponsibleforputtingintoeffectthedeclarationoriginallymadeonNovember2,1917,bytheBritishGovernment,andadoptedbytheotherAlliedPowers,infavouroftheestablishmentinPalestineofanationalhomefortheJewishpeople,itbeingclearlyunderstoodthatnothingshallbedonewhichmayprejudicethecivilandreligiousrightsofexistingnonJewishcommunitiesinPalestine,ortherightsandpoliticalstatusenjoyedbyJewsinanyothercountry.
TheMandatoryundertakestoappointassoonaspossibleaspecialCommissiontostudyandregulateallquestionsandclaimsrelatingtothedifferentreligiouscommunities.Inthe
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compositionofthisCommissionthereligiousinterestsconcernedwillbetakenintoaccount.TheChairmanoftheCommissionwillbeappointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.
ARTICLE96.
ThetermsofthemandatesinrespectoftheaboveterritorieswillbeformulatedbythePrincipalAlliedPowersandsubmittedtotheCounciloftheLeagueofNationsforapproval.
ARTICLE97.
Turkeyherebyundertakes,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle132,toacceptanydecisionswhichmaybetakeninrelationtothequestionsdealtwithinthisSection.
SECTIONVIII.HEDJAZ.ARTICLE98.
Turkey,inaccordancewiththeactionalreadytakenbytheAlliedPowers,herebyrecognisestheHedjazasafreeandindepedentState,andrenouncesinfavouroftheHedjazallrightsandtitlesovertheterritoriesoftheformerTurkishEmpiresituatedoutsidethefrontiersofTurkeyaslaiddownbythepresentTreaty,andcomprisedwithintheboundarieswhichmayultimatelybefixed.
ARTICLE99.
InviewofthesacredcharacterattributedbyMoslemsofallcountriestothecitiesandtheHolyPlacesofMeccaandMedinaHisMajestytheKingoftheHedjazundertakestoassurefreeandeasyaccesstheretotoMoslemsofeverycountrywhodesiretogothereonpilgrimageorforanyotherreligiousobject,andtorespectandensurerespectforthepiousfoundationswhichareormaybeestablishedtherebyMoslemsofanycountriesinaccordancewiththepreceptsofthelawoftheKoran.
ARTICLE100.
HisMajestytheKingoftheHedjazundertakesthatincommercialmattersthemostcompleteequalityoftreatmentshallbeassuredintheterritoryoftheHedjaztothepersons,shipsandgoodsofnationalsofanyoftheAlliedPowers,orofanyofthenewStatessetupintheterritoriesoftheformerTurkishEmpire,aswellastothepersons,shipsandgoodsofnationalsofStates,MembersoftheLeagueofNations.
SECTIONIX.
EGYPT,SOUDAN,CYPRUS.
I.EGYPT.ARTICLE101.
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TurkeyrenouncesallrightsandtitleinoroverEgypt.ThisrenunciationshalltakeeffectasfromNovember5,1914.TurkeydeclaresthatinconformitywiththeactiontakenbytheAlliedPowerssherecognisestheProtectorateproclaimedoverEgyptbyGreatBritainonDecember18,1914.
ARTICLE102.
TurkishsubjectshabituallyresidentinEgyptonDecember18,1914,willacquireEgyptiannationalityipsofactoandwilllosetheirTurkishnationality,exceptthatifatthatdatesuchpersonsweretemporarilyabsentfrom,andhavenotsincereturnedto,EgypttheywillnotacquireEgyptiannationalitywithoutaspecialauthorisationfromtheEgyptianGovernment.
ARTICLE103.
TurkishsubjectswhobecameresidentinEgyptafterDecember18,1914,andarehabituallyresidentthereatthedateofthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatymay,subjecttotheconditionsprescribedinArticle105fortherightofoption,claimEgyptiannationality,butsuchclaimmayinindividualcasesberefusedbythecompetentEgyptianauthority.
ARTICLE104.
ForallpurposesconnectedwiththepresentTreaty,EgyptandEgyptiannationals,theirgoodsandvessels,shallbetreatedonthesamefooting,asfromAugustI,1914,astheAlliedPowers,theirnationals,goodsandvessels,andprovisionsinrespectofterritoryunder
Turkishsovereignty,orofterritorydetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresentTreaty,shallnotapplytoEgypt.
ARTICLEI05.
WithinaperiodofoneyearafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatypersonsovereighteenyearsofageacquiringEgyptiannationalityundertheprovisionsofArticle102willbeentitledtooptforTurkishnationality.Incasesuchpersons,orthosewhounderArticle103areentitledtoclaimEgyptiannationality,differinracefromthemajorityofthe
population
of
Egypt,
they
will
within
the
same
period
be
entitled
to
opt
for
the
nationality
of
anyStateinfavourofwhichterritoryisdetachedfromTurkey,ifthemajorityofthepopulationofthatStateisofthesameraceasthepersonexercisingtherighttoopt.
Optionbyahusbandcoversawifeandoptionbyparentscoverstheirchildrenundereighteenyearsofage.
Personswhohaveexercisedtheaboverighttooptmust,exceptwhereauthorisedtocontinuetoresideinEgypt,transferwithintheensuingtwelvemonthstheirplaceofresidencetotheStateforwhichtheyhaveopted.Theywillbeentitledtoretaintheir
immovablepropertyinEgypt,andmaycarrywiththemtheirmovablepropertyofeverydescription.Noexportorimportdutiesorchargesmaybeimposedupontheminconnectionwiththeremovalofsuchproperty.
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ARTICLE106.
TheEgyptianGovernmentshallhavecompletelibertyofactioninregulatingthestatusofTurkishsubjectsinEgyptandtheconditionsunderwhichtheymayestablishthemselvesintheterritory.
ARTICLE107.
Egyptiannationalsshallbeentitled,whenabroad,toBritishdiplonlaticandconsularprotection.
ARTICLE108.
EgyptiangoodsenteringTurkeyshallenjoythetreatmentaccordedtoBritishgoods.
ARTICLE109.
TurkeyrenouncesinfavourofGreatBritainthepowersconferreduponHisImperialMajestytheSultanbytheConventionsignedatConstantinopleonOctober29,1888,relatingtothefreenavigationoftheSuezCanal.
ARTICLE110.
AllpropertyandpossessionsinEgyptbelongingtotheTurkishGovernmentpasstothe
EgyptianGovernment
without
payment.
ARTICLE111.
AllmovableandimmovablepropertyinEgyptbelongingtoTurkishnationals(whodonotacquireEgyptiannationality)shallbedealtwithinaecordancewiththeprovisionsofPartIX(EconomieClauses)ofthepresentTreaty.
ARTICLE112.
TurkeyrenouncesallclaimtothetributeformerlypaidbyEgypt.
GreatBritainundertakestorelieveTurkeyofallliabilityinrespectoftheTurkishloanssecuredontheEgyptiantribute.
Theseloansare:
Theguaranteedloanof1855;
Theloanof1894representingtheconvertedloansof1854and1871;Theloanof1891representingtheconvertedloanof1877.
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ThesumswhichtheKhedivesofEgypthavefromtimetotimeundertakentopayovertothehousesbywhichtheseloanswereissuedwillbeappliedasheretoforetotheinterestandthesinkingfundsoftheloansof1894and1891untilthefinalextinctionofthoseloans.TheGovernmentofEgyptwillalsocontinuetoapplythesumhithertopaidtowardstheinterestontheguaranteedloanof1855.
Upontheextinctionoftheseloansof1894,1891and1855,allliabilityonthepartoftheEgyptianGovernmentarisingoutofthetributeformerlypaidbyEgypttoTurkeywillcease.
2.SOUDAN.
ARTICLE113.
TheHighContractingPartiesdeclareandplaceonrecordthattheyhavetakennoteofthe
Convention
between
the
British
Government
and
the
Egyptian
Government
defining
the
statusandregulatingtheadministrationoftheSoudan,signedonJanuaryI9,I899,asamendedbythesupplementaryConventionrelatingtothetownofSuakinsignedonJuly10,1899.
ARTICLE114.
SoudaneseshallbeentitledwheninforeigncountriestoBritishdiplomaticandconsularprotection.
3.CYPRUS
ARTICLE115.
TheHighContractingPartiesrecognisetheannexationofCyprusproclaimedbytheBritishGovernmentonNovember5,1914.
ARTICLE116.
TurkeyrenouncesallrightsandtitleoverorrelatingtoCyprus,includingtherighttothetributeformerlypaidbythatislandtotheSultan.
ARTICLE117.
TurkishnationalsbornorhabituallyresidentinCypruswillacquireBritishnationalityandlosetheirTurkishnationality,subjecttotheconditionslaiddowninthelocallaw.
SECTIONX.
MOROCCO,TUNIS.
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ARTICLE118.
TurkeyrecognisestheFrenchProtectorateinMorocco,andacceptsalltheconsequencesthereof.ThisrecognitionshalltakeeffectasfromMarch30,1912.
ARTICLE119.
MoroccangoodsenteringTurkeyshallbesubjecttothesametreatmentasFrenchgoods.
ARTICLE120.
TurkeyrecognisestheFrenchProtectorateoverTunisandacceptsalltheconsequencesthereof.ThisrecognitionshalltakeeffectasfromMay12,1881.
TunisiangoodsenteringTurkeyshallbesubjecttothesametreatmentasFrenchgoods.
SECTIONXI.
LIBYA,AEGEANISLANDS.
ARTICLE121.
TurkeydefinitelyrenouncesallrightsandprivilegeswhichundertheTreatyofLausanneof
October18,
1912,
were
left
to
the
Sultan
in
Libya.
ARTICLE122.
TurkeyrenouncesinfavourofItalyallrightsandtitleoverthefollowingislandsoftheAegeanSea;Stampalia(Astropalia),Rhodes(Rhodos),Calki(Kharki),Scarpanto,Casos(Casso)Pscopis(Tilos),Misiros(Nisyros),Calymnos(Kalymnos)Leros,Patmos,Lipsos(Lipso),Sini(Symi),andCos(Kos),whicharenowoccupiedbyItaly,andtheisletsdependentthereon,andalsoovertheislandofCastellorizzo.
SECTIONXll.
NATIONALITY.
ARTICLE123.
TurkishsubjectshabituallyresidentinterritorywhichinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthepresentTreatyisdetachedfromTurkeywillbecomeipsofacto,intheconditionslaiddownbythelocallaw,nationalsoftheStatetowhichsuchterritoryistransferred.
ARTICLE124.
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PersonsovereighteenyearsofagelosingtheirTurkishnationalityandobtainingipsofactoanewnationalityunderArticle123shallbeentitledwithinaperiodofoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytooptforTurkishnationality.
ARTICLE125.
PersonsovereighteenyearsofagehabituallyresidentinterritorydetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresentTreatyanddifferinginracefromthemajorityofthepopulationofsuchterritoryshallwithinoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatybeentitledtooptforArmenia,Azerbaijan,Georgia,Greece,theHedjaz,Mesopotamia,Syria,BulgariaorTurkey,ifthemajorityofthepopulationoftheStateselectedisofthesameraceasthepersonexercisingtherighttoopt.
ARTICLE126.
PersonswhohaveexercisedtherighttooptinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticles124or125mustwithinthesucceedingtwelvemonthstransfertheirplaceofresidencetotheStateforwhichtheyhaveopted.
TheywillbeentitledtoretaintheirimmovablepropertyintheterritoryoftheotherStatewheretheyhadtheirplaceofresidencebeforeexercisingtheirrighttoopt.
Theymaycarrywiththemtheirmovablepropertyofeverydescription.Noexportorimportdutiesmaybeimposedupontheminconnectionwiththeremovalofsuchproperty.
ARTICLE127.
TheHighContractingPartiesundertaketoputnohindranceinthewayoftheexerciseoftherightwhichthepersonsconcernedhaveunderthepresentTreaty,orundertheTreatiesofPeaceconcludedwithGermany,Austria,BulgariaorHungaryorunderanytreatyconcludedbytheAlliedPowers,oranyofthem,withRussia,orbetweenanyoftheAlliedPowersthemselves,tochooseanyothernationalitywhichmaybeopentothem.
Inparticular,TurkeyundertakestofacilitatebyeverymeansinherpowerthevoluntaryemigrationofpersonsdesiringtoavailthemselvesoftherighttooptprovidedbyArticle125,andtocarryoutanymeasureswhichmaybeprescribedwiththisobjectbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.
ARTICLE128.
TurkeyundertakestorecogniseanynewnationalitywhichhasbeenormaybeacquiredbyhernationalsunderthelawsoftheAlliedPowersornewStatesandinaccordancewiththedecisionsofthecompetentauthoritiesofthesePowerspursuanttonaturalisationlawsor
underTreatystipulations,andtoregardsuchpersonsashaving,inconsequenceoftheacquisitionofsuchnewnationality,inallrespectsseveredtheirallegiancetotheircountryoforigin.
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Inparticular,personswhobeforethecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyhaveacquiredthenationalityofoneoftheAlliedPowersinaccordancewiththelawofsuchPowershallberecognisedbytheTurkishGovernmentasnationalsofsuchPowerandashavinglosttheirTurkishnationality,notwithstandinganyprovisionsofTurkishlawtothecontrary.NoconfiscationofpropertyorotherpenaltyprovidedbyTurkishlawshallbeincurredon
accountoftheacquisitionofanysuchnationality.
ARTICLE129.
JewsofotherthanTurkishnationalitywhoarehabituallyresident,onthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,withintheboundariesofPalestine,asdeterminedinaccordancewithArticle95willipsofactobecomecitizensofPalestinetotheexclusionofanyothernationality.
ARTICLE
130.
ForthepurposesoftheprovisionsofthisSection,thestatusofamarriedwomanwillbegovernedbythatofherhusbandandthestatusofchildrenundereighteenyearsofagebythatoftheirparents.
ARTICLE131.
TheprovisionsofthisSectionwillapplytothecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66asfromtheestablishmentofthefinalstatusoftheterritoryinaccordancewith
Article83.
SECTIONXIII.
GENERALPROVISIONS.
ARTICLE132.
OutsideherfrontiersasfixedbythepresentTreatyTurkeyherebyrenouncesinfavourofthe
Principal
Allied
Powers
all
rights
and
title
which
she
could
claim
on
any
ground
over
or
concerninganyterritoriesoutsideEuropewhicharenototherwisedisposedofbythepresentTreaty.
TurkeyundertakestorecogniseandconformtothemeasureswhichmaybetakennoworinthefuturebythePrincipalAlliedPowers,inagreementwherenecessarywiththirdPowers,inordertocarrytheabovestipulationintoeffect.
ARTICLE133.
TurkeyundertakestorecognisethefullforceoftheTreatiesofPeaceandAdditionalConventionsconcludedbytheAlliedPowerswiththePowerswhofoughtonthesideofTurkey,andtorecognisewhateverdispositionshavebeenormaybemadeconcerningthe
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territoriesoftheformerGermanEmpire,ofAustria,ofHungaryandofBulgaria,andtorecognisethenewStateswithintheirfrontiersastherelaiddown.
ARTICLE134.
TurkeyherebyrecognisesandacceptsthefrontiersofGermany,Austria,Bulgaria,Greece,Hungary,Poland,Roumania,theSerbCroatSloveneStateandtheCzechoSlovakStateasthesefrontiersmaybedeterminedbytheTreatiesreferredtoinArticle133orbyanysupplementaryconventions.
ARTICLE135.
TurkeyundertakestorecognisethefullforceofalltreatiesoragreementswhichmaybeenteredintobytheAlliedPowerswithStatesnowexistingorcomingintoexistenceinfutureinthewholeorpartoftheformerEmpireofRussiaasitexistedonAugust1,1914,andtorecognisethefrontiersofanysuchStatesasdeterminedtherein.
TurkeyacknowledgesandagreestorespectaspermanentandinalienabletheindependenceofthesaidStates.
InaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle259,PartVIII(FinancialClauses),andArticle277,PartIX(EconomicClauses),ofthepresentTreaty,TurkeyacceptsdefinitelytheabrogationoftheBrestLitovskTreatiesandofalltreatiesconventionsandagreementsenteredintobyherwiththeMaximalistGovernmentinRussia.
ARTICLE136.
ACommissioncomposedoffourmembers,appointedbytheBritishEmpire,France,ItalyandJapanrespectively,shallbesetupwithinthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,toprepare,withtheassistanceoftechnicalexpertsrepresentingtheothercapitulatoryPowers,Alliedorneutral,whowiththisobjectwilleachbeinvitedtoappointanexpert,aschemeofjudicialreformtoreplacethepresentcapitulatorysysteminjudicialmattersinTurkey.ThisCommissionmayrecommend,afterconsultationwiththeTurkish
Government,
the
adoption
of
either
a
mixed
or
an
unified
judicial
system.
TheschemepreparedbytheCommissionwillbesubmittedtotheGovernmentsoftheAlliedandneutralPowersconcerned.AssoonasthePrincipalAlliedPowershaveapprovedtheschemetheywillinformtheTurkishGovernment,whichherebyagreestoacceptthenewsystem.
ThePrincipalAlliedPowersreservetherighttoagreeamongthemselves,andifnecessarywiththeotherAlliedorneutralPowersconcerned,astothedateonwhichthenewsystemistocomeintoforce.
ARTICLE137.
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WithoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofPartVII(Penalties),noinhabitantofTurkeyshallbedisturbedormolested,underanypretextwhatever,onaccountofanypoliticalormilitaryactiontakenbyhim,oranyassistanceofanykindgivenbyhimtotheAlliedPowers,ortheirnationals,betweenAugust1,1914,andthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty;allsentencespronouncedagainstanyinhabitantofTurkeyfortheabovereasonsshallbe
completelyannulled,andanyproceedingsalreadyinstitutedshallbearrested.
ARTICLE138.
NoinhabitantofterritorydetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresentTreatyshallbedisturbedormolestedonaccountofhispoliticalattitudeafterAugust1,1914,orofthedeterminationofhisnationalityeffectedinaccordancewiththepresentTreaty.
ARTICLE139.
TurkeyrenouncesformallyallrightsofsuzeraintyorjurisdictionofanykindoverMoslemswhoaresubjecttothesovereigntyorprotectorateofanyotherState.
NopowershallbeexerciseddirectlyorindirectlybyanyTurkishauthoritywhateverinanyterritorydetachedfromTurkeyorofwhichtheexistingstatusunderthepresentTreatyisrecognisedbyTurkey.
PARTIV.
PROTECTIONOFMINORITIES.
ARTICLE140.
TurkeyundertakesthatthestipulationscontainedinArticles141,I45andI47shallberecognisedasfundamentallaws,andthatnocivilormilitarylaworregulation,noImperialIradehnorofficialactionshallconflictorinterferewiththesestipulations,norshallanylaw,regulation,ImperialIradehnorofficialactionprevailoverthem.
ARTICLE
141.
TurkeyundertakestoassurefullandcompleteprotectionoflifeandlibertytoallinhabitantsofTurkeywithoutdistinctionofbirth,nationality,language,raceorreligion.
AllinhabitantsofTurkeyshallbeentitledtothefreeexercise,whetherpublicorprivate,ofanycreed,religionorbelief.
Thepenaltiesforanyinterferencewiththefreeexerciseoftherightreferredtointheprecedingparagraphshallbethesamewhatevermaybethecreedconcerned.
ARTICLE142.
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Whereas,inviewoftheterroristregimewhichhasexistedinTurkeysinceNovember1,1914,conversionstoIslamcouldnottakeplaceundernormalconditions,noconversionssincethatdatearerecognisedandallpersonswhowerenonMoslemsbeforeNovember1,1914,willbeconsideredasstillremainingsuch,unless,afterregainingtheirliberty,theyvoluntarilyperformthenecessaryformalitiesforembracingtheIslamicfaith.
InordertorepairsofaraspossiblethewrongsinflictedonindividualsinthecourseofthemassacresperpetratedinTurkeyduringthewar,theTurkishGovernmentundertakestoaffordalltheassistanceinitspowerorinthatoftheTurkishauthoritiesinthesearchforanddeliveranceofallpersons,ofwhateverraceorreligion,whohavedisappeared,beencarriedoff,internedorplacedincaptivitysinceNovember1,1914.
TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofacilitatetheoperationsofmixedcommissionsappointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNationstoreceivethecomplaintsofthevictims
themselves,their
families
or
their
relations,
to
make
the
necessary
enquiries,
and
to
order
the
liberationofthepersonsinquestion.
TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestoensuretheexecution
ofthedecisionsofthesecommissions,andtoassurethesecurityandthelibertyofthepersonsthusrestoredtothefullenjoymentoftheirrights.
ARTICLE143
TurkeyundertakestorecognisesuchprovisionsastheAlliedPowersmayconsideropportunewithrespecttothereciprocalandvoluntaryemigrationofpersonsbelongingtoracialminorities.
TurkeyrenouncesanyrighttoavailherselfoftheprovisionsofArticleI6oftheConventionbetweenGreeceandBulgariarelatingtoreciprocalemigration,signedatNeuillysurSeineonNovember27,19l9.WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,GreeceandTurkeywillenterintoaspecialarrangementrelatingtothereciprocalandvoluntaryemigrationofthepopulationsofTurkishandGreekraceintheterritories
transferredto
Greece
and
remaining
Turkish
respectively.
Incaseagreementcannotbereachedastosucharrangement,GreeceandTurkeywillbeentitledtoapplytotheCounciloftheLeagueofNations,whichwillfixthetermsofsucharrangement.
ARTICLE144.
TheTurkishGovernmentrecognisestheinjusticeofthelawof1915relatingtoAbandonedProperties(EmvaliMetroukeh),andofthesupplementaryprovisionsthereof,anddeclaresthemtobenullandvoid,inthepastasinthefuture.
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TheTurkishGovernmentsolemnlyundertakestofacilitatetothegreatestpossibleextentthereturntotheirhomesandreestablishmentintheirbusinessesoftheTurkishsubjectsofnonTurkishracewhohavebeenforciblydrivenfromtheirhomesbyfearofmassacreoranyotherformofpressuresinceJanuary1,1914.ItrecognisesthatanyimmovableormovablepropertyofthesaidTurkishsubjectsorofthecommunitiestowhichtheybelong,whichcan
berecovered,mustberestoredtothemassoonaspossible,inwhateverhandsitmaybefound.Suchpropertyshallberestoredfreeofallchargesorservitudeswithwhichitmayhavebeenburdenedandwithoutcompensationofanykindtothepresentownersoroccupiers,subjecttoanyactionwhichtheymaybeabletobringagainstthepersonsfromwhomtheyderivedtitle.
TheTurkishGovernmentagreesthatarbitralcommissionsshallbeappointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNationswhereverfoundnecessary.ThesecommissionsshalleachbecomposedofonerepresentativeoftheTurkishGovernment,onerepresentativeofthe
communitywhichclaimsthatitoroneofitsmembershasbeeninjured,andaehairmanappointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.ThesearbitralcommissionsshallhearallclaimscoveredbythisArticleanddecidethembysummaryprocedure.
Thearbitralcommissionswillhavepowertoorder:
(1)TheprovisionbytheTurkishGovernmentoflabourforanyworkofreconstructionorrestorationdeemednecessary.Thislabourshallberecruitedfromtheracesinhabitingtheterritorywherethearbitralcommissionconsiderstheexecutionofthesaidworkstobenecessary
(2)Theremovalofanypersonwho,afterenquiry,shallberecognisedashavingtakenanactivepartinmassacresordeportationsorashavingprovokedthem;themeasurestobetakenwithregardtosuchpersonspossessionswillbeindicatedbythecommission;
(3)ThedisposalofpropertybelongingtomembersofacommunitywhohavediedordisappearedsinceJanuary1,1914,withoutleavingheirs;suchpropertymaybehandedovertothecommunityinsteadoftotheState
(4)The
cancellation
of
all
acts
of
sale
or
any
acts
creating
rights
over
immovable
property
concludedafterJanuary1,I914.TheindemnificationoftheholderswillbeachargeupontheTurkishGovernment,butmustnotserveasapretextfordelayingtherestitution.Thearbitralcommissionwill,howeverhavethepowertoimposeequitablearrangementsbetweentheinterestedparties,ifanysumhasbeenpaidbythepresentholderofsuchproperty.
TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofacilitateinthefullestpossiblemeasuretheworkofthecommissionsandtoensuretheexecutionoftheirdecisions,whichwillbefinal.NodecisionoftheTurkishjudicialoradministrativeauthoritiesshallprevailoversuch
decisions.
ARTICLE145.
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AllTurkishnationalsshallbeequalbeforethelawandshallenjoythesamecivilandpoliticalrightswithoutdistinctionastorace,languageorreligion.
Differenceofreligion,creedorconfessionshallnotprejudiceanyTurkishnationalinmattersrelatingtotheenjoymentofcivilorpoliticalrights,asforinstanceadmissiontopublic
employments,functionsandhonours,ortheexerciseofprofessionsandindustries.
WithinaperiodoftwoyearsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheTurkishGovernmentwillsubmittotheAlliedPowersaschemefortheorganisationofanelectoralsystembasedontheprincipleofproportionalrepresentationofracialminorities.
NorestrictionshallbeimposedonthefreeusebyanyTurkishnationalofanylanguageinprivateintercourse,incommerce,religion,inthepressorinpublicationsofanykind,oratpublicmeetings.AdequatefacilitiesshallbegiventoTurkishnationalsofnonTurkish
speech
for
the
use
of
their
language,
either
orally
or
in
writing,
before
the
courts.
ARTICLE146.
TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestorecognizethevalidityofdiplomasgrantedbyrecognisedforeignuniversitiesandschools,andtoadmittheholdersthereoftothefreeexerciseoftheprofessionsandindustriesforwhichsuchdiplomasqualify.
ThisprovisionwillapplyequallytonationalsofAlliedpowerswhoareresidentinTurkey.
ARTICLE147.
Turkishnationalswhobelongtoracial,religiousorlinguisticminoritiesshallenjoytheametreatmentandsecurityinlawandinfactasotherTurkishnationals.Inparticulartheyshallhaveanequalrighttoestablish,manageandcontrolattheirownexpense,andindependentlyofandwithoutinterferencebytheTurkishauthorities,anycharitable,religiousandsocialinstitutions,schoolsforprimary,secondaryandhigherinstructionandothereducationalestablishments,withtherighttousetheirownlanguageandtoexercisetheirownreligionfreelytherein.
ARTICLE148.
IntownsanddistrictswherethereisaconsiderableproportionofTurkishnationalsbelongingtoracial,linguisticorreligiousminorities,theseminoritiesshallbeassuredanequitableshareintheenjoymentandapplicationofthesumswhichmaybeprovidedoutofpublicfundsundertheState,municipalorotherbudgetsforeducationalorcharitablepurposes.
Thesumsinquestionshallbepaidtothequalifiedrepresentativesofthecommunities
concerned.
ARTICLE149.
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TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestorecogniseandrespecttheecclesiasticalandscholasticautonomyofallracialminoritiesinTurkey.Forthispurpose,andsubjecttoanyprovisionstothecontraryinthepresentTreaty,theTurkishGovernmentconfirmsandwillupholdintheirentiretytheprerogativesandimmunitiesofanecclesiastical,scholasticorjudicialnaturegrantedbytheSultanstononMoslemracesinvirtueofspecialordersor
imperialdecrees(firmans,hattis,berats,etc.)aswellasbyministerialordersorordersoftheGrandVizier.
Alllaws,decrees,regulationsandcircularsissuedbytheTurkishGovernmentandcontainingabrogations,restrictionsoramendmentsofsuchprerogativesandimmunitiesshallbeconsideredtosuchextentnullandvoid.
AnymodificationoftheTurkishjudicalsystemwhichmaybeintroducedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthepresentTreatyshallbeheldtooverridethisArticle,insofarassuch
modificationmay
affect
individuals
belonging
to
racial
minorities.
ARTICLE150.
IntownsanddistrictswherethereisresidentaconsiderableproportionofTurkishnationalsoftheChristianorJewishreligionstheTurkishGovernmentundertakesthatsuchTurkishnationalsshallnotbecompelledtoperformanyactwhichconstitutesaviolationoftheirfaithorreligiousobservances,andshallnotbeplacedunderanydisabilitybyreasonoftheirrefusaltoattendcourtsoflawortoperformanylegalbusinessontheirweeklydayofrest.Thisprovision,however,shallnotexemptsuchTurkishnationals(ChristiansorJews)fromsuchobligationsasshallbeimposeduponallotherTurkishnationalsforthepreservationofpublicorder.
ARTICLE151.
ThePrincipalAlliedPowers,inconsultationwiththeCounciloftheLeagueofNations,willdecidewhatmeasuresarenecessarytoguaranteetheexecutionoftheprovisionsofthisPart.TheTurkishGovernmentherebyacceptsalldecisionswhichmaybetakenonthissubject.
PARTV.
MILITARY,NAVALANDAIRCLAUSES.
Inordertorenderpossibletheinitiationofagenerallimitationofthearmamentsofallnations,Turkeyundertakesstrictlytoobservethemilitary,navalandairclauseswhichfollow.
SECTIONI.
MILITARYCLAUSES.
CHAPTERI.
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GENERALCLAUSES.ARTICLE152.
ThearmedforceatthedisposalofTurkeyshallonlyconsistof:
(I)TheSultansbodyguard;
(2)Troopsofgendarmerie,intendedtomaintainorderandsecurityintheinteriorandtoensuretheprotectionofminorities
(3)Specialelementsintendedforthereinforcementofthetroopsofgendarmerieincaseofserioustrouble,andeventuallytoensurethecontrolofthefrontiers.
ARTICLE153.
WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,themilitaryforcesotherthanthatprovidedforinArticle152shallbedemobilisedanddisbanded.
CHAPTERII.
EFFECTIVES,ORGANISATIONANDCADRESOFTHETURKISHARMEDFORCE.
ARTICLE154.
TheSultan
sbodyguard
shall
consist
of
astaff
and
infantry
and
cavalry
units,
the
strength
of
whichshallnotexceed700offirersandmen.ThisstrengthisnotincludedinthetotalforceprovidedforinArticle155.
ThecompositionofthisguardisgiveninTable1annexedtothisSection.
ARTICLE155.
Thetotalstrengthoftheforcesenumeratedinparagraphs(2)and(3)ofArticle152shallnotexceed50,000men,includingstaffs,offficers,trainingpersonnelanddepottroops.
ARTICLE156.
ThetroopsofgendarmerieshallbedistributedovertheterritoryofTurkey,whichforthispurposewillbedividedintoterritorialareastobedelimitedasprovidedinArticle200.
Alegionofgendarmerie,composedofmountedandunmountedtroops,providedwith
machine
guns
and
with
administrative
and
medical
services
will
be
organised
in
each
territorialregion,itwillsupplyinthevilayets,sandjaks,cazas,etc.,thedetachments
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necessaryfortheorganisationofafixedprotectiveservice,mobilereservesbeingatitsdisposalatoneormorepointswithintheregion.
Onaccountoftheirspecialduties,thelegionsshallnotincludeeitherartilleryortechnicalservices.
Thetotalstrengthofthelegionsshallnotexceed35,000men,tobeincludedinthetotalstrengthofthearmedforceprovidedforinArticle155.
Themaximumstrengthofanyonelegionshallnotexceedonequarterofthetotalstrengthofthelegions.
Theelementsofanyonelegionshallnotbeemployedoutsidetheterritoryoftheirregion,exceptbyspecialauthorisationfromtheInterAlliedCommissionprovidedforinArticle200.
ARTICLE157.
Thespecialelementsforreinforcementsmayincludedetailsofinfantry,cavalry,mountainartillery,pioneersandthecorrespondingtechnicalandgeneralservices;theirtotalstrengthshallnotexceed15,000men,tobeincludedinthetotalstrengthprovidedforinArticle155.
ThenumberofsuchreinforcementsforanyonelegionshallnotexceedonethirdofthewholestrengthoftheseelementswithoutthespecialauthorityoftheInterAlliedCommissionprovidedforinArticle200.
TheproportionofthevariousarmsandservicesenteringintothecompositionofthesespecialelementsislaiddowninTableIIannexedtothisSection.
TheirquarteringwillbefixedasprovidedinArticle200.
ToTable2
ARTICLE158.
IntheformationsreferredtoinArticles156and157,theproportionofofficers,includingthepersonnelofstaffsandspecialservices,shallnotexceedonetwentiethofthetotaleffectiveswiththecolours,andthatofnoncommissionedofficersshallnotexceedonetwelfthofthetotaleffectiveswiththecolours.
ARTICLE159.
OffficerssuppliedbythevariousAlliedorneutralPowersshailcollaborate,underthedirectionoftheTurkishGovernment,inthecommand,theorganisationandthetrainingof
thegendarmerie
officers
authorised
by
Article
158,
but
their
number
shall
not
exceed
fifteen
percent.ofthatstrength.SpecialagreementstobedrawnupbytheInterAlliedCommissionmentionedinArticle200shallfixtheproportionoftheseoffficersaccordingtonationality,
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andshalldeterminetheconditionsoftheirparticipationinthevariousmissionsassignedtothembythisArticle.
ARTICLE160.
InanyoneterritorialregionallofficersplacedatthedisposaloftheTurkishGovernmentundertheconditionslaiddowninArticle159shallinprinciplebeofthesamenationality.
ARTICLE161.
InthezoneoftheStraitsandislandsreferredtoinArticle178,excludingtheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,SamothraceTenedosandMitylene,theforcesoTurkish,willbeundertheInterAlliedCommandoftheforcesinoccupationofthatzone.
ARTICLE162.
Allmeasuresofmobilisation,orappertainingtomobilisationortendingtoanincreaseofthestrengthorofthemeansoftransportofanyoftheforcesprovidedforinthisChapterareforbidden.
Thevariousformations,staffsandadministrativeservicesshallnot,inanycase,includesupplementarycadres.
ARTICLE163.
WithintheperiodfixedbyArticle153,allexistingforcesofgendarmerieshallbeamalgamatedwiththelegionsprovidedforinArticle156.
ARTICLE164.
TheformationofanybodyoftroopsnotprovidedforinthisSectionisforbidden.
Thesuppressionofexistingformationswhichareinexcessoftheauthorisedstrengthof50,000men(notincludingtheSultansbodyguard)shallbeeffectedprogressivelyfromthe
dateofthesignatureofthepresentTreaty,insuchmannerastobecompletedwithinsixmonthsatthelatestafterthecomingintoforceoftheTreaty,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle158.
Thenumberofoffficers,orpersonsinthepositionofoffficers,intheWarMinistryandtheTurkishGeneralStaff,aswellasintheadministrationsattachedtothem,shail,withinthesameperiod,bereducedtotheestablishmentconsideredbytheCommissionreferredtoinArticle200asstrictlynecessaryforthegoodworkingofthegeneralservicesofthearmedTurkishforce,thisestablishmentbeingincludedinthemaximumfigurelaiddowninArticle
158.
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CHAPTERIII.
RECRUITING.
ARTICLE165.
TheTurkisharmedforceshallinfuturebeconstitutedandrecruitedbyvoluntaryenlistmentonly.
EnlistmentshallbeopentoallsubjectsoftheTurkishStateequally,withoutdistinctionofraceorreligion.
AsregardsthelegionsreferredtoinArticle156,theirsystemofrecruitingshallbeinprincipleregional,andsoregulatedthattheMoslemandnonMoslemelementsofthe
population
of
each
region
may
be,
so
far
as
possible,
represented
on
the
strength
of
the
correspondinglegion.
Theprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphsapplytooffficersaswellastomen.
ARTICLE166.
Thelengthofengagementofnoncommissionedofficersandmenshallbetwelveconsecutiveyears.
Theannualreplacementofmenreleasedfromserviceforanyreasonwhateverbeforetheexpirationoftheirtermofengagementshallnotexceedfivepercent.ofthetotaleffectivesfixedhyArticle155.
ARTICLE167.
Allofficersmustberegulars(officersdecarrire).
Officersatpresentservinginthearmyorthegendarmeriewhoareretainedinthenewarmedforcemustundertaketoserveatleastuptotheageoffortyfive.
Offficersatpresentservinginthearmyorthegendarmeriewhoarenotadmittedtothenewarmedforceshallbedefinitelyreleasedfromallmilitaryobligations,andmustnottakepartinanymilitaryexercises,theoreticalorpractical.
Officersnewlyappointedmustundertaketoserveontheactivelistforatleasttwentyfiveconsecutiveyears.
Theannualreplacementofofficersleavingtheserviceforanycausebeforetheexpirationof
theirterm
of
engagement
shall
not
exceed
five
per
cent.
of
the
total
effectives
of
officers
providedbyArticle158.
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CHAPTERIV.
SCHOOLS,EDUCATIONALESTABLISHMENTS,MILITARYCLASSANDSOCIETIES
ARTICLE168.
OntheexpirationofthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheremustonlyexistinTurkeythenumberofmilitaryschoolswhichisabsolutelyindispensablefortherecruitmentofoffficersandnoncommissionedofficersoftheunitsallowed,i.e.:
schoolforofficers;
1schoolperterritorialregionfornoncommissionedofficers.
Thenumberofstudentsadmittedtoinstructionintheseschoolsshallbestrictlyinproportiontothevacanciestobefilledinthecadresofofficersandnoncommissionedofficers.
ARTICLE169.
Educationalestablishments,otherthanthosereferredtoinArticle168,aswellasallsportingorothersocieties,mustnotoccupythemselveswithanymilitarymatters.
CHAPTERV.
CUSTOMSOFFICIALS,LOCALURBANANDRURALPOLICE,FORESTGUARDS.
ARTICLE170.
WithoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofArticle48,PartIII(PoliticalClauses),thenumberofcustomsofficials,localurbanorruralpolice,forestguardsorotherlikeofficialsshallnotexceedthenumberofmenemployedinasimilarcapacityin1913withintheterritoriallimitsofTurkeyasfixedbythepresentTreaty.
Thenumberoftheseofficialsmayonlybeincreasedinthefutureinproportiontotheincreaseofpopulationinthelocalitiesormunicipalitieswhichemploythem.
Theseemployeesandofficials,aswellasthoseemployedintherailwayservice,mustnotbeassembledforthepurposeoftakingpartinanymilitaryexercises.
IneachadministrativedistrictthelocalurbanandruralpoliceandforestguardsshallberecruitedandofficeredaccordingtotheprincipleslaiddowninthecaseofthegendarmeriebyArticle165.
IntheTurkishpolice,which,asformingpartoftheciviladministrationofTurkey,willremaindistinctfromtheTurkisharmedforce,officersorofficialssuppliedbythevarious
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AlliedorneutralPowersshallcollaborate,underthedirectionoftheTurkishGovernment,intheorganisationthecommandandthetrainingofthesaidpolice.Thenumberoftheseofficersorofficialsshallnotexceedfifteenpercent.ofthestrengthofsimilarTurkishofficersorofficials.
CHAPTERVI.
ARMAMENT,MUNITIONSANDMATERIAL
ARTICLE171.
OntheexpirationofsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,thearmamentwhichmaybeinuseorheldinreserveforreplacementinthevariousformationsoftheTurkisharmedforceshallnotexceedthefiguresfixedperthousandmeninTableIII
annexedto
this
Section.
ARTICLE172
ThestockofmunitionsatthedisposalofTurkeyshallnotexceedtheamountsfixedinTableIIIannexedtothisSection.
ARTICLE173.
WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyallexistingarms,
munitionsofthevariouscategoriesandwarmaterialinexcessofthequantitiesauthorisedshallbehandedovertotheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionofControlprovidedforinArticle200insuchplacesasshallbeappointedbythisCommission.
ThePrincipalAlliedPowerswilldecidewhatistobedonewiththismaterial.
ARTICLE174.
Themanufactureofarms,munitionsandwarmaterial,includingaircraftandpartsofaircraftofeverydescription,shalltakeplaceonlyinthefactoriesorestablishmentsauthorisedbytheInterAlliedCommissionreferredtoinArticle200.
WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyallotherestablishmentsforthemanufacture,preparation,storageordesignofarms,munitionsoranywarmaterialshallbeabolishedorconvertedtopurelycommercialuses.
Thesamewillapplytoallarsenalsotherthanthoseutilisedasdepotsfortheauthorisedstocksofmunitions.
Theplantofestablishmentsorarsenalsinexcessofthatrequiredfortheauthorisedmanufactureshallberendereduselessorconvertedtopurelycommercialuses,inaccordance
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withthedecisionsoftheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionofControlreferredtoinArticle200.
ARTICLE175
TheimportationintoTurkeyofarms,munitionsandwarmaterials,includingaircraftandpartsofaircraftofeverydescription,isstrictlyforbidden,exceptwiththespecialauthorityoftheInterAlliedCommissionreferredtoinArticle200.
Themanufactureforforeigncountriesandtheexportationofarms,munitionsandwarmaterialofanydescriptionisalsoforbidden.
ARTICLE176.
Theuseofflamethrowers,asphyxiating,poisonousorothergasesandallsimilarliquids,materialsorprocessesbeingforbidden,theirmanufactureandimportationarestrictlyforbiddeninTurkey.
Materialspeciallyintendedforthemanufacture,storageoruseofthesaidproductsorprocessesisequallyforbidden.
ThemanufactureandimportationintoTurkeyofarmouredcars,tanksoranyothersimilarmachinessuitableforuseinwarareequallyforbidden.
CHAPTERVII.
FORTIFICATIONS
ARTICLE177.
InthezoneoftheStraitsandislandsreferredtoinArticle178thefortificationswillbedisarmedanddemolishedasprovidedinthatArticle.
Outsidethiszone,andsubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle89,theexistingfortifiedworksmaybepreservedintheirpresentcondition,butwillbedisarmedwithinthesameperiodofthreemonths.
CHAPTERVIII.
MAINTENANCEOFTHEFREEDOMOFTHESTRAITS
ARTICLE178.
ForthepurposeofguaranteeingthefreedomoftheStraits,theHighContractingPartiesagreetothefollowingprovisions:
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(I)WithinthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,allworks,fortificationsandbatterieswithinthezonedefinedinArticle179andcomprisingthecoastandislandsoftheSeaofMarmoraandthecoastoftheStraits,alsothoseintheIslandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,TenedosandMitylene,shallbedisarmedanddemolished.
Thereconstructionoftheseworksandtheconstructionofsimilarworksareforbiddenintheabovezoneandislands.France,GreatBritainandItalyshallhavetherighttopreparefordemolitionanyexistingroadsandrailwaysinthesaidzoneandintheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,andTenedoswhichallowoftherapidtransportofmobilebatteries,theconstructionthereofsuchroadsandrailwaysremainingforbidden.
IntheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,SamothraceandTenedostheconstructionofnewroadsorrailwaysmustnotbeundertakenexceptwiththeauthorityofthethreePowersmentionedabove.
(2)Themeasuresprescribedinthefirstparagraphof(I)shallbeexecutedbyandattheexpenseofGreeceandTurkeyasregardstheirrespectiveterritories,andundercontrolasprovidedinArticle203.
(3)TheterritoriesofthezoneandtheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,Tenedos,andMityleneshallnotbeusedformilitarypurposes,exceptbythethreeAlliedPowersreferredtoabove,actinginconcert.ThisprovisiondoesnotexcludetheemploymentinthesaidzoneandislandsofforcesofGreekandTurkishgendarmerie,whowillbeundertheInterAlliedcommandoftheforcesofoccupation,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle161,northemaintenanceofagarrisonofGreektroopsintheislandofMitylene,northepresenceoftheSultansbodyguardreferredtoinArticle152.
(4)ThesaidPowers,actinginconcert,shallhavetherighttomaintaininthesaidterritoriesandislandssuchmilitaryandairforcesastheymayconsidernecessarytopreventanyactionbeingtakenorpreparedwhichmightdirectlyorindirectlyprejudicethefreedomoftheStraits.
Thissupervisionwillbecarriedoutinnavalmattersbyaguardshipbelongingtoeachofthe
saidAllied
Powers.
Theforcesofoccupationreferredtoabovemay,incaseofnecessity,exerciseonlandtherightofrequisition,subjecttothesameconditionsasthoselaiddownintheRegulationsannexedtotheFourthHagueConvention,1907,oranyotherConventionreplacingittowhichallthesaidPowersareparties.Requisitionsshall,however,onlybemadeagainstpaymentonthespot.
ARTICLE179.
ThezonereferredtoinArticle178isdefinedasfollows:
(I)InEurope:
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FromKarachaliontheGulfofXerosnortheastwards,
alinereachingandthenfollowingthesouthernboundaryofthebasinoftheBeylikDeretothecrestoftheKuruDagh;
thenfollowingthatcrestline,thenastraightlinepassingnorthofEmerli,andsouthofDerelar,thencurvingnorthnortheastwardsandcuttingtheroadfromRodostotoMalgara3kilometreswestofAinarjikandthenpassing6kilometressoutheastofOrtajaKeui,thencurvingnortheastwardsandcuttingtheroadfromRodostotoHairobolu18kilometresnorthwestofRodosto,thentoapointontheroadfromMuradlitoRodostoaboutkilometresouthofMuradli,astraightline;thenceeastnortheastwardsto.YeniKeui,
astraight
line,
modified,
however,
so
as
to
pass
at
aminimum
distance
of
2kilometres
north
oftherailwayfromChorlutoChatalja;thencenorthnortheastwardstoapointwestofIstranja,situatedonthefrontierofTurkeyinEuropeasdefinedinArticle27,1(2),astraightlineleavingthevillageofYeniKeuiwithinthezone;thencetotheBlackSea,thefrontierofTurkeyinEuropeasdefinedinArticle27,1(2).
(2)InAsia:
FromapointtobedeterminedbythePrincipalAlliedPowersbetweenCapeDahlinaandKemerIskeleonthegulfofAdramideastnortheastwards,alinepassingsouthofKemerIskeleandKemertogetherwiththeroadjoiningtheseplaces;thentoapointimmediatelysouthofthepointwheretheDecauvillerailwayfromOsmanlartoUrchanlarcrossestheDiermenDere,astraightline;thencenortheastwardstoManiasGeul,alinefollowingtherightbankoftheDiermenDere,andKaraDereSuyu;thenceeastwards,thesouthernshoreofManiasGeul;thentothepointwhereitiscrossedbytherailwayfromPandermatoSusighirli,thecourse
oftheKaraDereupstream;thenceeastwardstoapointontheAdranosChaiaboutkilometresfromitsmouthnearKaraOghlan,astraightline;thenceeastwards,thecourseofthisriverdownstreamthenthesouthernshoreofAbulliontGeul;thentothepointwheretherailwayfro