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The first year of middle school or junior high school can be
difficultfor many students. They will experience the top-dog
phenomenon,
where they move from being the oldest, biggest, and mostpowerful
students in elementary school to be the youngest,smallest, and
least powerful students in the middle or junior highschool.
Compared with their earlier feelings as sixth- graders,
theseventh-graders were less satisfied with school, were
lesscommitted to school, and liked their teacher less. The drop
in
school satisfaction occurred regardless of how
academicallysuccessful the students were. The transition occurs at
the sametime as a number of other developmental changes, such as
puberty,the changes of operational thought, increased
responsibility,heterogeneous peers, many new teachers etc.
Transition from elementary to junior high school
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Issues
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The transition in this situation is not very different
with the former transition students have experienced.They will
meet new people, new teachers, and new
environments with also a top-dog phenomenon.Students personality
have almost formed in thistransition, they will be wiser and more
mature than
the previous stage. They will start thinking about
what will I do? rather than thinking what will I
learn? because theyre starting to realize that thetime they come
to jump into the real social
environment is near.
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Issue
They dislikes
school (50%)
Economic
reason(40%)Personal
reasons, such
as pregnancy
and marriage
(10%)
Many students
dropped out of thehigh school
because of the
following reasons :
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How can teachersincrease students
self-efficacy?
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1. Identify the cause of their
low self-efficacy
It is helpful to identify and value
their areas of competence like
academic skill, physical condition,
and social acceptance.
2. Provide emotional support
Verbal
encouragement can
motivate students to
dissolve their
incapability,comforting them
with indirectly
increasing their
willing to study hard
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3. Provide a suitable teaching methodStudents low self-efficacy
can sometimes
caused by the inappropriate way of
teaching. There are 2 major type ofteaching method :
2. The direct instruction
approach
It is a structured, teacher
centered approach that ischaracterized by teacher
direction and control, high
teacher expectations for
students progress,
maximum time spent by
students on academic task,and efforts by teacher to
keep negative affect to
minimum. The goal is
maximizing student learning
time
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Compliments are good for the emotional state of the student.
But
too much praise can also inflated self-esteem where in the
future
they can have difficulties in facing competition and
criticism
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Service learning is a form of education that promotes social
responsibility and
service to the community. In service learning, adolescents
engage in activities
such as tutoring, helping older adults, working in a hospital,
assisting at child-care center, or cleaning up a vacant lot to make
a play area. An important goal
of service learning is for adolescents to become less
self-centered and more
strongly motivated to help others (Benson & others, 2006).
Service learning is
often more effective when two conditions are met (Nucci, 2006)
:
1. Giving students some degree of choice in the service
activities in which
they participate
2. Providing students opportunities to reflect about their
participation.
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Researchers have found that service learning benefits
adolescents in a number of a ways (Reinders & Youniss,
2006).
These improvements in adolescents development related to
service learning include higher grades in school, increased
goal
setting, higher self-esteem, an improved sense of being able
to
make a difference for others, and an increased likelihood
that
they will serve as volunteers in the future (Benson &
others,2006; Hart, Atkins, & Donelly, 2006)
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