The Three Worlds You don't know everything about Christopher Columbus. One way this is true is because you don't know what Christopher Columbus and the other Spaniards have done during their voyage. The books don't have all the information that you need to know about Christopher Columbus. There is a lot of information that you are missing that are not in those text books. Making an even stronger case, the text books barley cover all the horrid things the Spaniards ,including Columbus, have done to supposedly discover the new world, which indeed, was already inhabited by Natives. The following sections will show you, the reader, what really happened on this voyage. Here are the Three Worlds, Europe, West Africa and, the new world, the Americas. Critical Thinking Questions: 1). Did Western Africa have any part in our form of agriculture today? If so, explain how they've advanced it. 2). Without the Crusades, explain how the Europeans would even have a spark of an interest to explore the rest of the world? European Explorers: The Europeans had Social Order. One piece of evidence that points this out is that the Europeans fixed Social hierarchy. The Monarchs and the Nobility were at the top, the merchants, craftsmen, and artisans were in the middle, and, finally, the peasants/slaves were at the bottom. Adding to that, the Europeans fixed Social order again. During the 1400s, due to Columbus' voyage and the increase in trade, merchants, craftsmen and artisans moved up in Social hierarchy. The final example is the creation of Nuclear family. The Europeans acquired this idea from the Natives and Africans who valued extended families. Thus, due to all the fixed hierarchies it caused merchants and artisans to move up in Social hierarchy and Nuclear family. The Europeans were the first to create firearm. This was an

innovation made by the Europeans. One important fact is that the first firearm was created around the late 1200s. They created the first firearm when the Chinese first introduced them to gunpowder. Another interesting fact is that the Europeans were also building bigger and better ships. The new ships were able to sail faster and were able to hold more cargo than the older ships. While the first two examples are good, an even better one is that the Europeans were the first to mount guns on their ships. This allowed them to fight at sea as well as on land. The church had the most power in European government. One reason that this was so is because, up to 1517, the Roman church controlled Western Europe. In hierarchy the church was at the top and the peasants were at the bottom whiled merchants were in the middle. Next, Queen Isabella I was the most powerful woman in the world. she was so powerful that in 1492 she expelled Jews and Muslims from here country in Spain. On the top of that Britain and France were fighting in a hundred year war. In that long lasting war that they had France won and Britain lost population. A Personal Voice: Gomes Eanes De Zurara "The noble spirit of this prince...was ever urging him both to begin and carry out very great deeds. For which reason...he had also a wish to know the land that lay beyond the isles of Canary and that Cape called Bojador, for that up to his time, neither by writings, nor by the memory of man, was known with any certainty the nature of the land beyond that Cape...It seemed to him that if he or some other lord did not endeavor to gain that knowledge, no mariners or merchants would ever dare to attempt it..." -The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea Native Americans: The Iroquois were a very sophisticated and complex group of people who created plenty of things that we still use today. An example of one invention is the bow. The Native Americans used the bow to help them hunt. Adding on to that example they also

created the arrow head. The arrow head was a crucial invention that helped them hunt and it made a lager entrance wound. In addition to the first two examples the Native Americans came up with different words that we still use today. A few examples of these words are Mississippi, skunk and hurricane. The Iroquois have very effective society. The first good piece of evidence is that the Iroquois had major use of extended families. The Europeans acquired this method from the Native Americans and the Africans. Another good example is that the Iroquois had a system that is still used but, in more modern ways now. The men hunted for food while the women cared for the children and made clothing. On top of that, they also had distinct gender roles which follows the main idea. The Iroquois also created longhouses to shelter themselves while these tasks were completed. In summary, the Iroquois society isn't that different from our own with the gender roles and their extended families. The Iroquois also created the Iroquois league. For example they were fighting amongst themselves. They were fighting to figure out who was going to be in the council. Even so their council had fifty Iroquois leaders. The men in the tribes were respected more than the women in class. Of course the creation of the colonial government was based off of the Iroquois government. Benjamin Franklin saw this type of government and decided that was the way he wanted there's to be. A Personal Voice: Essie Parrish "In the old days, before the white people came up here, there was a boat sailing on the ocean from the south. Because before that...[the Kashaya Pomo] had never seen a boat, they said, 'Our world must be coming to an end. Couldn't we do something? This big bird floating on the ocean is from somewhere, probably from up high...' [T]hey promised Our Father [a feast] saying that destruction was upon them. when they had done so, they watched [the ship] sail way up north and disappear...They were saying that nothing had happened to them-the big bird person had sailed northward without doing anything-because of the promise of a beast...Consequently they held a feats and a big dance."

West Africans: Western Africa had a very rich social order and society. One piece of evidence that points to this is that in the West African region, there are many Kingdoms. All countries in this region were able to raise large armies, conquer territory build cities administer laws and support arts. Adding to that, the West African region's kingdoms is very wide spread. In the 1470s, there were 4 million people in the Kango empire. The best and final reason that in the Western African country of Sunni Ali, had a society and social order. Sunni Ali had the largest empire in that region and demonstrated social order with having slaves carry items to their King. Therefore, the Western African region had many kingdoms, became very wealthy from trade and implied their countries while still demonstrating social order. During the mid 1400s, the Africans created plenty of things we still use today. One example is that the Africans were masters at basket weaving. This allowed them to carry a great amount of things. Another example is they created the trans Sahara trade. This allowed the cities to make money. The final example the African leaders divided their kingdoms into small districts and put people in charge of the districts. This allowed them to keep an eye over kingdoms by having the people they put in charge reporting back to the ruler. West Africa has a very rich and organized Government. One reason is that they have a lot of Kingdoms. One of the major Kingdoms is Songhai. It gained wealth and power due to trade and it became the largest kingdom in West African history. In the same way, there are small Kingdoms. In West Africa, Kango is a small and unified Kingdom. The leader is Mani Kango. Lastly, The ruler of Songhai, Sunni Ali, was an extremely smart man. He organized Songhai into districts. Each district was governed by an official. Therefore, after the Western African regions gained wealth and power from trade, the rulers created Government and demonstrated intelligence by dividing their Kingdoms into districts and having an official govern them.

A Personal Voice: Leo Africanus "Here are many shops of...merchants, and especially such as weave linen and cotton cloth. And hither do the Barbary [North African] merchants bring cloth of Europe...Here are great store of doctors, judges, priests, and other learned men, that are bountifully maintained at the king's costs and charges, and hither are brought divers manuscripts or written books out of Barbary, which are sold for more money than any other merchandise." -The History and Description of Africa Done into English by John Pory Christopher A. Garner II Daniel Ginter GuadaLupe Albarran