THE THIRTEEN COLONIES Characteristics of the colonies- Colonial governments, religious beliefs, and social patterns

THE THIRTEEN THE THIRTEEN COLONIESCOLONIES

Characteristics of the colonies-Characteristics of the colonies-Colonial governments, religious beliefs, and Colonial governments, religious beliefs, and

social patternssocial patterns

Sir Walter Raleigh Sir Walter Raleigh

• Named the land in North America he Named the land in North America he claimed for England Virginia claimed for England Virginia

For Queen Elizabeth-the “virgin queen” For Queen Elizabeth-the “virgin queen”

• Planted the first English Colony on Planted the first English Colony on Roanoke Island (off the coast of what is Roanoke Island (off the coast of what is now North Carolina)now North Carolina)

15851585 Roanoke Colony Roanoke Colony

““The Lost Colony”The Lost Colony”

Joint Stock Company Joint Stock Company • originally funded and originally funded and

maintained English coloniesmaintained English colonies

• Several investors who pooled Several investors who pooled their wealth in support of a their wealth in support of a colony colony

• Business venture for profitBusiness venture for profit

Vocabulary---Vocabulary---

CHARTERCHARTER

• an official permit to start a an official permit to start a colony from the English colony from the English

monarch who was entitled to a monarch who was entitled to a portion of the profits portion of the profits


Proprietor Proprietor

• Owners of colonies who expected Owners of colonies who expected the people who lived on their the people who lived on their land to pay them a tax called a land to pay them a tax called a “quit rent”. “quit rent”.


COLONY # 1COLONY # 1VIRGINIA VIRGINIA

FIRST LASTING SETTLEMENTFIRST LASTING SETTLEMENT•Jamestown Jamestown

FOUNDED FOUNDED •16071607

LEADERLEADER•John SmithJohn Smith

(Virginia Company) (Virginia Company) • Joint Stock Company that funded Joint Stock Company that funded

the settlement of Jamestownthe settlement of Jamestown

• Charter from King James I Charter from King James I Jamestown, James River , etc… Jamestown, James River , etc… named for the king named for the king

COLONY # 1COLONY # 1VIRGINIA VIRGINIA

A familiar Name from A familiar Name from John Smith John Smith• Became a leader of the Jamestown colony Became a leader of the Jamestown colony

its first winter at age 28its first winter at age 28• ““If any would not work, neither should he If any would not work, neither should he

eat.” eat.” • Developed a relationship with the Developed a relationship with the

Powhatan tribe Powhatan tribe • Left Jamestown 1607 :Left Jamestown 1607 : gunpowder accident gunpowder accident

VIRGINIA VIRGINIA

The Starving Time :The Starving Time :1609-101609-10 • 1609 – 600 new colonists 1609 – 600 new colonists

• 1610- only 60 survive 1610- only 60 survive

• Some accounts of cannibalismSome accounts of cannibalism• ““sharp prick of hunger which no man sharp prick of hunger which no man

can truly describe but he who hath tasted can truly describe but he who hath tasted the bitterness thereof.”- the bitterness thereof.”- CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY

––governor of Jamestowngovernor of Jamestown

VIRGINIA VIRGINIA

Pocohantas Pocohantas

• daughter of Chief Powhatan daughter of Chief Powhatan

• defends the life of John Smith defends the life of John Smith

• marries John Rolfemarries John Rolfe

VIRGINIA VIRGINIA

John RolfeJohn Rolfe

• Created a strain of tobacco that could Created a strain of tobacco that could become a cash crop for the Jamestown become a cash crop for the Jamestown colonistscolonists

1619: The House of Burgesses 1619: The House of Burgesses • An elected legislative bodyAn elected legislative body• Burgess = a person invested with all the Burgess = a person invested with all the

privileges of a citizenprivileges of a citizen• Male landowners over age 17 eligible to Male landowners over age 17 eligible to

vote for representatives vote for representatives • Any decision required the approval of the Any decision required the approval of the

Virginia Company in London Virginia Company in London • First seed of American democracy First seed of American democracy

VIRGINIA VIRGINIA

COLONY # 2 COLONY # 2 MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS

FIRST SETTLEMENTFIRST SETTLEMENT•Plymouth Plymouth

FOUNDED FOUNDED • 16201620

English ReformationEnglish Reformation• 1616thth century movement for religious reform century movement for religious reform

• Led to the founding of churches that Led to the founding of churches that rejected the Pope’s authority rejected the Pope’s authority

• Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England and formed the Church of England (Anglican Church)(Anglican Church)

COLONY # 2 COLONY # 2 MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS

PuritansPuritans

• A group in England who A group in England who wanted to reform the Church wanted to reform the Church of Englandof England

• Wanted to eliminate all traces Wanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholicismof Roman Catholicism

MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS

SeparatistsSeparatists

• Puritans who opposed those Puritans who opposed those who wanted to reform the who wanted to reform the Church of England from within Church of England from within and wanted to form their own and wanted to form their own separate congregationsseparate congregations


PilgrimsPilgrims• Separatists who fled England to Separatists who fled England to

escape persecution escape persecution

HollandHolland

North America North America


Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact

• 16201620

• Considered the first written constitution in Considered the first written constitution in North America North America

• Radical ideaRadical ideaGovernment depends on the consent of the Government depends on the consent of the governedgoverned


• SECOND SETTLEMENTSECOND SETTLEMENTBOSTON BOSTON

• FOUNDED FOUNDED 16301630

• LEADER LEADER

JOHN WINTHROPJOHN WINTHROP


Great Puritan MigrationGreat Puritan Migration

• 1629-1642 1629-1642

• Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans , Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans , arrived brought over by the Massachusetts arrived brought over by the Massachusetts Bay Company fleeing religious persecution Bay Company fleeing religious persecution against Puritans under King Charles I against Puritans under King Charles I

• Plymouth Colony incorporated into the Plymouth Colony incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony


Colonial GovernmentColonial Governmentin the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the Massachusetts Bay Colony

General General CourtCourt

• Lawmaking body Lawmaking body which chose the which chose the

colonial governorcolonial governor

FreemanFreeman• Only stockholders in MBC Only stockholders in MBC

and “the elect” - all adult and “the elect” - all adult male members of the Puritan male members of the Puritan Church - could vote Church - could vote

• No separation of church and No separation of church and statestate

• Theocracy Theocracy Laws based on the Puritan Laws based on the Puritan religion religion

No tolerance for religious No tolerance for religious dissentdissent

COLONY # 3COLONY # 3NEW HAMPSHIRENEW HAMPSHIRE

FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT ExeterExeter

FOUNDEDFOUNDED16231623

LEADERLEADERJohn WheelwrightJohn Wheelwright

COLONYCOLONY # 4# 4CONNECTICUTCONNECTICUT

FIRST SETTLEMENTFIRST SETTLEMENTHartford Hartford


LEADERLEADERThomas HookerThomas Hooker

Fundamental OrdersFundamental Orders

• 16391639

• A constitution governing colonial A constitution governing colonial Connecticut Connecticut

• Establishing a democratic state Establishing a democratic state controlled by “substantial” citizenscontrolled by “substantial” citizens

CONNECTICUTCONNECTICUT

COLONY # 5COLONY # 5

MARYLANDMARYLANDFIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT

St. Mary’s St. Mary’s


LEADERLEADERGeorge Calvert –the first Lord BaltimoreGeorge Calvert –the first Lord Baltimore

Lord BaltimoreLord Baltimore

• Catholic EnglishmanCatholic Englishman

• Founded the Maryland colony on the Founded the Maryland colony on the idea of religious freedom where idea of religious freedom where Protestants and Catholics could live Protestants and Catholics could live together in peace together in peace

MARYLANDMARYLAND

Maryland Act of TolerationMaryland Act of Toleration• Landmark act passed by the Maryland Landmark act passed by the Maryland

assembly assembly • Guaranteed freedom of religion ( but only Guaranteed freedom of religion ( but only

for Christians ) for Christians ) Radical idea at this timeRadical idea at this time

• The penalty for anyone who did not believe The penalty for anyone who did not believe in Christ was to be hangedin Christ was to be hanged

No toleration for Jews, atheists, muslims, etc… No toleration for Jews, atheists, muslims, etc…

COLONY # 6COLONY # 6RHODE ISLANDRHODE ISLAND

FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT ProvidenceProvidence


LEADERLEADERRoger WilliamsRoger Williams

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams

• Puritan who was tolerant of other religionsPuritan who was tolerant of other religionsDid not believe in killing or punishing people in Did not believe in killing or punishing people in the name of Christianitythe name of Christianity

• Did not believe in a tax supported churchDid not believe in a tax supported churchSupported separation of church and stateSupported separation of church and state

• Indian land should be paid for Indian land should be paid for

• Banished from MBC for his beliefsBanished from MBC for his beliefs

RHODE ISLANDRHODE ISLAND

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams• Started a colony called Providence which Started a colony called Providence which

would become RIwould become RI• Bought land from the Native Americans to Bought land from the Native Americans to

start the colony start the colony Narranganset Indians helped him when he was Narranganset Indians helped him when he was banishedbanished

• Based on “freedom of conscience” Based on “freedom of conscience” Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews


Ann HutchinsonAnn Hutchinson

• Religious dissenter (like Roger Religious dissenter (like Roger Williams) Williams)

• Put on trial for her beliefsPut on trial for her beliefs

• Banished from the MBC Banished from the MBC

• Fled to RI and later to NYFled to RI and later to NY


COLONY # 7COLONY # 7DELEWAREDELEWARE

FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT WilmingtonWilmington


LEADERLEADERPeter MinuitPeter Minuit

COLONY # 8COLONY # 8NORTH CAROLINANORTH CAROLINA

FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT Albemarie County Albemarie County


LEADERLEADERGroup of eight proprietors Group of eight proprietors

COLONY # 9COLONY # 9SOUTH CAROLINASOUTH CAROLINA

FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT Charles Town (later Charleston)Charles Town (later Charleston)


LEADERLEADERGroup of eight proprietors Group of eight proprietors

COLONY # 10COLONY # 10NEW YORKNEW YORK

FIRST SETTLEMENTFIRST SETTLEMENTNew York New York


LEADERLEADERPeter MinuitPeter Minuit

Henry Hudson Henry Hudson • Dutch explorer searching for the Northwest Dutch explorer searching for the Northwest

Passage Passage • Land in North America he claimed for Holland Land in North America he claimed for Holland

called New Netherlandscalled New Netherlands

NEW YORKNEW YORK

Dutch West India Company Dutch West India Company • The business that owned most of Holland’s The business that owned most of Holland’s

coloniescoloniesFur trading Fur trading

More interested in its colonies in IndiaMore interested in its colonies in India

Peter StuyvesantPeter Stuyvesant• Dutch governor of New NetherlandsDutch governor of New Netherlands

NEW YORKNEW YORK

1664 –British take New Netherlands1664 –British take New Netherlands• from Holland without firing a shot from Holland without firing a shot

• Given to the Duke of York by the King of Given to the Duke of York by the King of England (his brother)England (his brother)

• renamed it New Yorkrenamed it New York

COLONY # 11COLONY # 11NEW JERSEYNEW JERSEY

FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT East Jersey – CarteretEast Jersey – CarteretWest Jersey – Salem West Jersey – Salem


LEADERLEADERLord Berkeley Lord Berkeley Sir CarteretSir Carteret

COLONY # 12COLONY # 12PENNSYLVANIAPENNSYLVANIA

FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia


LEADERLEADERWilliam PennWilliam Penn

COLONY # 13COLONY # 13GEORGIAGEORGIA

FIRST SETTLEMENT FIRST SETTLEMENT Savannah Savannah


LEADERLEADERJames Oglethorpe James Oglethorpe

James Ogelthorpe James Ogelthorpe • Wanted to create a colony where debtors Wanted to create a colony where debtors

could go instead of going to jail could go instead of going to jail Debtors ended up being only a small percentage Debtors ended up being only a small percentage of the actual settlersof the actual settlers

• The buffer colony The buffer colony from Spanish colonies south (Florida)from Spanish colonies south (Florida)

From French claims west (Louisiana)From French claims west (Louisiana)

GEORGIAGEORGIA

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THE THIRTEEN COLONIES Characteristics of the colonies- Colonial governments, religious beliefs, and social patterns