The TCM History

8/3/2019 The TCM History

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THEHISTORY OFTRADITIONALCHINESE

MEDICINE


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CONTENT Introduction Origin of Chinese Medicine The Early Medical Activities The Rise and Development of the TheoreticalChinese Medicine System All-round Development in Medicine Great Innovation and Achievement in Medicine Further Development in the Medical Theoryand Practice Revolutions in the Recent Hundred-year


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INTRODUCTIONTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long and richhistory, and is the third oldest form of medicine. TCM hasexisted for thousands of years, and is still used today is prove toits value as a form of healthcare. It has undergone a long courseof development; it encompasses a complete array of medicaltheories, practical experiences and unique therapeutictechniques. Its original foundation was established over twothousand years ago, but was shaped by accumulative andconsolidated knowledge gathered from findings in medicalliterature of accomplished medical practitioners.


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Origin of Chinese Medicinentiquity 2000 BC

Ancient Chinese gradually discovered medicinal herbswhen collecting food

Discovery of fire led to the invention of hot compressesand moxibustion

The practice of medicine was very much intermixed withwitchcraft

The founders of TCM, Yellow Emperor and Shen-nong


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The Early Medical Activitieshang 1700- 1100 BC Inscription on Oracle bones describe about several

medical instrument, diseases and illnesses Yi Yin, improving decoction methods and extending

their applications


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The Rise and Development of theTheoretical Chinese Medicine SystemZhou Dynasty 1100-221 BC An organized court officials with different specialities Yi He, introduced the Six factors to explain diseases Bian Que, first recorded physician who establishedTCM diagnostic procedures Yin, Yang, and also the Five elements were applied to

TCM Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor's InternalClassic)


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Qin and Han Dynasties 221 BC-220 AD Wushier Bingfang (The Fifty-two Prescriptions) Shennong Bencaojing (Shen Nong's Classic of Herbal

Medicine) Shanghan Zabinglun (Treatise on Cold-induced and

Miscellaneous Diseases) Apprenticeships were a common means of educating new

physicians during this time. Examinations to recruitqualified physicians were introduced

Hua Tuo, He pioneered the use of an anesthetic drug andevised gymnastic exercises known as "the play of the fiveanimals" to help Chinese keep fit and healthy


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All-round Development inMedicinehe Chinese Middle Ages 220-581 AD

Wang Shuhe, wrote Maijing (Pulse Classic) Huang Fumi, wrote Zhenjiu Jiayijing (Systemic Classic of

Acupuncture and Moxibustion) Ge Hong, wrote Zhouhou Jiuzufang (Handbook ofPrescriptions for Emergencies) Lei Xiao, wrote Leigong Paozhilun (Lei's Treatise on

Medicinal Processing) Gong Qingxuan, wrote Liuquanzi Guiyifang (Liu'sRemedies Bequeathed by a GImportant People / Authors)


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Sui and Tang Dynasties 618-907 AD Chao Yuanfang, wrote Zhubing Yuanhoulun (Treatise on

Causes and Symptoms of Diseases) Imperial Medical Academy was established, which set up

institutions for education in various fields of medicine.Meanwhile some local medical schools were established

Su Jing, wrote Xinxiu Bencao (Newly Revised MateriaMedica)

Sun Simiao, wrote Qianjin Yaofang (Prescriptions Wortha Thousand Gold for Emergencies) & Qianjin Yifang(Supplement to the Precious Prescriptions)

Master Taoist Lin, wrote Lishang Xuduan Mifang (SecretMethods of Treating Traumas and Fractures) Zan Yin, wrote Jingxiao Chanbao (Tested Treasure in

Obstetrics)


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Great Innovation and Achievementin Medicineong Dynasty 960-1279 AD Wang Huayin, wrote Taiping Shenghuifang (Imperial

Benevolence Formulary of the Taiping Era) Wang Weiyi, wrote Tongren Shuxue Zhenjiu Tujing

(Illustrated Manual of Acu-points on the Bronze Statue) Wang Weiyi aslo casted two bronze statue for acupunture 1057, The Bureau for the Re-editing of Medical Books

was established to collect, collate and verify all medicaltexts bequeathed by 1,000 years of history. As a result,several of the established classics were published andmany books were rewritten or revised under new titles

1076, The Imperial Bureau of Medicine established"dispensaries" for public welfare


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Han Zhihe, wrote Shanghan Weizhi (Hidden Meanings ofShanghan Illnesses)Dong Ji. Wrote Xiaoer Banzhen Beiji Fanglun(Emergency Prescriptions for Pediatric Rash Diseases)Yang Zijian, wrote Shichanlun (Ten Kinds of DifficultChildbirth)Pang Anshi, wrote Shanghan Zongbinglun (GeneralTreatise on Shanghan Illnesses)Yang Jie, wrote Cunzhentu (Anatomical Atlas of Truth)1103, The Imperial Bureau of Medicine established thedepartment of drug manufacturingChen Shiwen, wrote Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang(Formulary of the Taiping Welfare Dispensary Bureau)Xiao'er Weisheng Zongwei Lunfang (A GeneralDetailed Discussion on Formulary for Pediatrics Hygiene)was published


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Han Zhihe, wrote Shanghan Weizhi (Hidden Meanings ofShanghan Illnesses)Dong Ji. Wrote Xiaoer Banzhen Beiji Fanglun(Emergency Prescriptions for Pediatric Rash Diseases)Yang Zijian, wrote Shichanlun (Ten Kinds of DifficultChildbirth)Pang Anshi, wrote Shanghan Zongbinglun (GeneralTreatise on Shanghan Illnesses)Yang Jie, wrote Cunzhentu (Anatomical Atlas of Truth)1103, The Imperial Bureau of Medicine established thedepartment of drug manufacturingChen Shiwen, wrote Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang(Formulary of the Taiping Welfare Dispensary Bureau)Xiao'er Weisheng Zongwei Lunfang (A GeneralDetailed Discussion on Formulary for Pediatrics Hygiene)was published


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Zhang Congzheng, wrote Rumen Shiqin (Confucians'Duties to Serve Their Parents)

Zhang Gao, wrote Yishuo (About Medicine) Chen Ziming, wrote Furen Daquan Liangfang (TheComplete Book of Efficacious Prescriptions for Women) Song Ci, wrote Xiyuanlu (Collected Records of Medical

Jurisprudence) Li Gao, wrote Piweilun (Treatise on the Spleen andStomach) SignificanceThe Jin-Yuan Period 1115-1368 AD Wei Yilin, wrote Shiyi Dexiaofang (Effective Formulae

Tested by Physicians for Generations)


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Further Development in theMedical Theory & PracticeMing Dynasty 1368-1644 AD Zhu Su & colleagues, wrotes Jiuhuang Bencao (Herbal for

Relief of Famines) and Puji Fang (Universal AidFormulary)

Yongle Dadian (The Great Encyclopaedia of theYongle Reign) was published

1443, Appointed special personnel to be in charge of re-casting life-size male bronze statues for acupuncture,modeled after the one produced in the Song dynasty

Xue Ji, wrote Kouchi Leiyao (Essentials of Diseases of theMouth

Gao Wu, wrote Zhenjiu Juying Fahui (Gatherings ofEminent Exponential Acupuncturists)


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Xue Ji, wrotes Neike Zhaiyao (A Synopsis of InternalMedicine), Zhengti Leiyao (A Repertory ofTraumatology), and Liyang Jiyao (The EssentialMechanism of Sores and Ulcers)

Jiang Guan, wrote Mingyi Leian (Classified Case Recordsof Famous Physicians)

Shen Zhiwen, Jiewei Yuansou (Remedy for Leprosy) Li Shizhen, wrotes Binhu Maixue (Binhu's Study on thePulse) and Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia

Medica) This period saw advances in immunology. Variolation,

which provided protection against smallpox, wasrecorded. It became popular in China and later waswidespread to European countries

Yang Jizhou, wrote Zhenjiu Dacheng (GreatCompendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion)


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Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 AD Fu Renyu, wrote Shenshi Yaohan (A Precious Book of

Ophthalmology) Wang Ang, wrotes Yifang Jijie (Variorum ofPrescriptions) and Tangtou Gejue (Prescriptions in

Rhyme) Significance Cheng Zhongling, wrote Yixue Xinwu (Medicine

Comprehended) Tang Dalie, wrote Wuyi Huijiang (Collections of SomePhysician's Discussions) Gao Bingdiao, wrote Yangyi Xindeji (Collections of

Surgery Studies) 1822, The Imperial Bureau of Medicine was ordered toclose down the Department of Acupuncture and

Moxibustion


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1842, The Sino-British Nanjing Treaty stipulated that theBritish could set up medical offices in the five Chinesetrading ports and due to the rise of Western Medicine,TCM was no longer the one and only medical practice inChina

Wang Mengying, wrotes Wenre Jingwei (Compendium ofEpidemic Febrile Diseases) and Wangshi Yian (Wang'sCase Studies)

1881, "College for Medical Practice" was set up in Tianjin,indicating that the Chinese formally established it's owneducation program for western medicine

1912, Wang Daxie, the Minister of Health, was one of thefirst officials to call for the abolition of Chinese medicine


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Revolutions in The RecentHundred-yearModern China 1912 AD 1914, Abolishment of traditional Chinese medicine was

proposed, but was strongly opposed by people working inTCM and pharmacy all over the country

1925, Chinese medicine courses were prohibited frombeing included in medical schools 1929, A proposal written by Yu Ai and Wang Qizang,

entitled "A Case for the Abolishment of the Old Medicineto Thoroughly Eliminate Public Health Obstacles," waspassed in the first congress of the Central Ministry ofHealth. This pushed the TCM abolition movement to itspeak.


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1929, Meanwhile, TCM workers and pharmaciesthroughout the country went on strike, which resulted inthe resolution being forced to be abandoned

"Central College of Chinese Medicine" was founded,which aimed to modernize TCM Chen Cunren, wrote Chinese Pharmaceutical

Encyclopaedia 1936, "The Chinese Medicine Ordinance" was issued,which was very discriminatory against TCM Cao Pingzhang, wrote Zhongguo Yixue Dacheng (A

Great Collection of Chinese Medicine Book) 1950, The First National Conference on Health washeld and determined that future medical policy would

combine Chinese and Western medicine 1955, The Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine

was founded


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1956, TCM Colleges were established again in the bigcities like Chengdu, Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou

Full-time training courses for Western doctors to studyTCM were launched

1962, A first edition textbook for TCM education,approved by the government and TCM experts, waspublished for TCM colleges

1980, The Ministry established a national guideline forthe development of Chinese and Western medicine, andfor their long-term co-existence, and integreation intoChina's healthcare system

The Traditional Chinese Medicine Publishing House wasfounded


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1985, The National Bureau of Chinese MedicineAdministration was founded

1986, Chinese Qigong Science Research Association wasfounded

1987, The Joint Society of World Acupuncture andMoxibustion Science was founded in Beijing

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The TCM History