The Support System

8/3/2019 The Support System

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-support-system 1/30



THE FUNCTION OF SUPPORT SYSTEM

To maintain the shape of the body

To help raise their body above the ground so thattheir movement becomes easier.

Multicellular animals supported and protected bya skeleton.

The larger the animal, the stronger the skeleton.



Support system in animal

Vertebrate

* Endoskeleton

Invertebrate

Land invertebrate

*exoskeleton

Aquatic invertebrate

*hydrostaticskeleton



TYPE OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

EndoskeletonExoskeleton

Hydrostatic skeleton



HYDROSTATIC SKELETON

Many small animals have skeleton that arenot made from hard materials

Soft bodies animals are supported bypressure from liquid which consists of

water in their cells and in spacesbetween their body organ.





EXOSKELETON

Most invertebrates have exoskeletons

Exoskeletons is an external skeletons thatencloses most of the body

The role of the exoskeletons is for

protections

An insects has an exoskeletons made fromsubstances called chitin.





ENDOSKELETON

Rigid internal skeleton.

Made of bones and cartilage

The functions of endoskeleton are:

(a) to support the body weight

(b) to protect the internal organs

(c) to maintain the shape of the body



LAND VERTEBRATE

The land vertebrates have to supporttheir own body weight.

Hence, the endoskeletons of landvertebrates are normally big andstrong.





AQUATIC VERTEBRATE

The body weight of aquaticvertebrates is supported by thebuoyancy of water.

Hence, the endoskeletons of aquaticvertebrates are smaller





The main support for plants is the stem

The stem has to support its own weight, leaves,flower and fruits.

Therefore the stem must be strong.



Plants

WoodyNon-woody

(herbaceous)



DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WOODY AND NON-

WOODY PLANTS

Aspect Woody Non-woody

Touch with finger Hard Soft

When pressed A little of water A lot of water

Support Woody stemCan support heavyweight

Non-woody stemCannot carry heavyweight

Example Durian trees , mangotree, angsana tree

Balsam plant, spinach,maize plant



woody

Trees

+ single stem

Shrub

+ develop branchesclose to the ground



TREES



SHRUBS



NON WOODY PLANTS

Depend on the water stored in the cells oftheir stem for support

When there is not enough water in the nonwoody plant, the plant will wilt.

e.g. balsam tree.





BUTTRESS ROOTS

Common in large tropical tress

These roots occur at the based of the trunk where the mainroot branch off the ground and enter the soil.

They have wall-like structure

Function to provide additional support to the stem

E.g. Meranti, angsana



PROP ROOTS

Grow from the branches or stem into theground

Provides additional support

E.g. mangrove and corn



CORN TREE



CLASPING ROOTS

Aerial roots that develop from the nodes of stem

Enable plant to climb by growing around andclasping its support

e.g. money plant, pepper plant, wild orchid.



TENDRIL

Is a slender, coiled structure which twinesitself round

For help plant support it weight and climbeasily.

E.g. cucumber, Morning glory



PRICKLES

Merely outgrowth of superficial tissues of the stem such as

epidermis.E.g. rose



THORNS

Modified branches

Found where leaf joins a stem

Used as organ of support for climbing.



AIR SACS

The brown alga grow on rocks in the sea that are

alternately exposed and covered by the tidesevery day

This seaweed has air sacs for support becausethe air sacs provide buoyancy.



STILT ROOTS

Mangroves trees grow along the muddy shore of tropical country

Some mangrove have stilt rootsProvided additional support.

Documents

The Support System