Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Written by Cody Davis, Kyle Kilpatrick, Omkar Paturu and Dylan Schnurman for Mrs. Wootton's Anatomy Class Mods 5-8.
Citation preview
Written By
CODY DAVIS
KYLE KILPATRICK
OMKAR PATURU
DYLAN SCHNURMAN
pg. 1
The
Super
Awesome
Nutrition
Guide!
For Mrs. Kim Wootton
And
For all the Hard-Core Gamers
A b c d e f g h I j
K l m n o p q r S
pg. 2
©
© 2011 Nintendo. Games and characters are property of their respective owners. (2011) Mario Bros Series- Mario, Mega Man Series, Pokémon- Pikachu, Donkey Kong Series
© 2011 BioWare. Games and characters are property of their respective owners.
(2011) Dragon Age- Templar
© 2011 Ubisoft. Games and characters are property of their respective owners. (2011) Assassins Creed
A b c d e f g h I j
K l m n o p q r S
pg. 3
Table of Contents
Introduction………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………..…Page 4
About the Authors…………………………………………………………………………….………………....Page 5
LEVEL 1: The Chemistry of Life……………………………………………………..Page 8
Carbohydrates – The Fuel of the Gamer…………………………………………...Page 8 o Should You Eat Simple or Complex Carbohydrates?……...Page 9
Nucleic Acids and Pokémon……………………………………….………………………………Page 10 Building Muscles...with Proteins………………………………..……………………..Page 10 Lipids…………………………….…………………………………………………….………………………………Page 11
LEVEL 2: Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems……………………………….……Page 13
What is a Cell? ……………………………….……………………………………………………………Page 13 Plant and Animal Cells Diagram…..…………………………………………….…………Page 14 Tissues…………………………….….…………………………………………………………….…………………Page 15 Organs……………………………….…………………………………………………………….……………………Page 16 Organ Systems……………………………….…………………………………………………………….…...Page 17 Our Cell Model……………………………….…………………………………………………………….… Page 18
LEVEL 3: Are you nervous about the Nervous system? ……………………………Page 19
LEVEL 4: Journey through the Digestive System…………………………….Page 21
LEVEL 5: Getting Stronger by Understanding the Muscular System…………Page 22
LEVEL 6: The Integumentary system – It’s Healing Time……………………..Page 23
LEVEL 7: When Nutrition Attacks!……………………………….………………Page 24
Eating Healthy……………………………….……………………………………………………………….Page 24 How Do You Eat Healthy? ……………………………….………………………………………….Page 25 Specific Things to Eat and Not to Eat……………………………….…………..Page 25 Importance of Eating Healthy Foods……………………………….………………….Page 25 Kyle’s Exclusive Exercise Plan……………………………….…………………………..Page 26 Keeping the Brain Healthy……………………………….………………………………………Page 27
BONUS LEVEL Why is it Important to Train and Exercise before a Fight?………………..Page 29 Why Does Mario Eat Mushrooms? …………………………………………………………….Page 30 How Does Blood Magic Affect Your Nutrition and Brain?……….Page 31 The Importance of Training Pokémon………………………………………..…………Page 33
END GAME………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Page 33
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 34
GLOSSARY………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Page 35
SOURCES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 38
pg. 4
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to the Super Awesome Nutrition Guide! If you’re reading this, then
you’re probably one of the many gamers in the world who love to sit in front of a screen
and get lost in an adventure. After a while you have realized you don’t want to end up as
one of those overweight and unhealthy gamers so you decided to pick up this book to see
what you can do to help yourself.
We have to warn you right off the bat, or should I say controller, this isn’t your
ordinary nutrition guide. Within this book is information on so many great things
including how to stay healthy, how your body works and organ functions, the different
organ systems and more. But we’ve also added in a little bit of fun to this guide: Every
chapter is a level (however, you can skip around in the book); there are many great
diagrams and pictures; each chapter references some of the many video game characters
that you may know! We explain concepts of anatomy through gaming analogies that are
both interesting and informative.
We urge to not shelve this book, but to embrace it. It will take you a journey into
a world where even gamers like you can stay fit, healthy and live a happy life. So please
enjoy this awesome book. The authors hope you have as much fun reading it as it was to
make it.
pg. 5
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Cody Davis
Cody is a senior at NTH@C. She likes to draw and write,
but in her free time she likes to play action/adventure games
like Drake’s Uncharted, Assassin’s Creed and Dragon Age -
with Sims 3 on the side.
Cody Davis is known for her love of adventure and
nutrition. She has written many books before, but this is the
first one that she worked on with the help of video game
characters. Even though she and her co-authors split up parts
of the book, she was in charge of illustrations and the Nervous
System. She made sure that this system was well explained and
defined in terms that teenagers would understand. Her group’s
goal for the Super Awesome Nutrition Guide! was to create a book that is fun, entertaining and
that teaches teen gamers how to eat healthily while still playing their favorite video games.
Kyle Kilpatrick
Kyle Kilpatrick is a 17 year old senior at New Tech High @
Coppell. He likes to play soccer and video games. He also likes to
hang out with friends and make them laugh. Some of Kyle’s
favorite games are in the Call of Duty series.
In the Super Awesome Nutrition Guide! the authors
constructed a guide for gamers who have problems with their
health. For the book, Kyle Kilpatrick took the role of
Assistant Editor and Nutrition Expert. His goal was
helping the main editor, Dylan Schnurman, create and
structure the book and to help any of the other members
of the group if needed.
Name: Kyle "The Crusher" Kilpatrick
Level: No idea but I am very big and scary
Specialization: Being awesome
Description: He can knock out anyone
with a single punch.
Favorite Catchphrases:
"Time to crush the competition!"
Name: Cody “Champion” Davis
Level: 27, Shadow/Duelist
Specialization: Saving the world!
Description: Uses her awesome
Twin Fangs to bring her enemies
down
Favorite Catchphrases:
“This is my favorite part!”
“Bring it!”
pg. 6
Omkar Paturu
Omkar Paturu has written many books relating to health.
He also holds the record on the New York Times best time sellers
list with over 13 books published (not really though). He recently
met with some authors and talked about how they could create a
book that would encourage gamers to eat healthy food, not junk
food, when they played video games. The sections that he wrote in
the book go in depth on what nutrition the video gamers need to
win a game. Another one of his sections talks about nucleic
acids and how it relates to your health. He also wrote video
game related health tips such as "Why is it important to
train/exercise Pokémon and make them strong?" Omkar
Paturu believes this book is the best guide for any big video
gamer.
Dylan Schnurman
Dylan Schnurman is a senior at New Tech High @ Coppell.
In his free time he enjoys playing old school Nintendo titles such
as Super Mario Bros, Mega man, Zelda, Donkey Kong and more.
He also loves puzzle games, Tetris being one of favorite games of
all time. For the Super Awesome Nutrition Guide! Dylan took the
role of Editor and Chemistry Expert establishing the structure of
the book and teaching the basics of chemistry. Dylan’s goal for the
book was to write a fun guide that not only explains different
concepts of science, but also incorporates his love of video games.
Dylan Schnurman will graduate in June 2012. He
doesn’t know what college he will attend yet, but he will be
applying to the University of Texas at Austin, the University of
North Texas, Wake Forest and other colleges.
Name:
Dylan "Schnurmanator" Schnurman
Level: 18, N00B LOL
Specialization: Photoshopping sweet
pictures, and leading his team to
victory!
Description: He swiftly defeats
enemies without lifting a finger.
Favorite Catchphrases:
"Yuh!!!"
"It's a me, Mario!"
Name: Omkar "Monster" Paturu
Level: 13, mid-level
Specialization: Shooting
electricity
Description: He attacks when his
enemy is weakened.
Favorite Catchphrase:
“Pika Pi!”
pg. 7
pg. 8
Level 1: The CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
Carbohydrates – The Fuel of the Gamer
Carbohydrates refer to many things in the chemistry of life; one of the four main
organic compounds, the fuel of energy in the
body, and mono-saccharides (sugars). All of
these are great definitions of what a
carbohydrate is, but why don’t we expand on it
more? There are two main types of
carbohydrates, simple and complex. Simple
carbohydrates can be found in foods with
sugar like in candy (chocolate and lollipops),
but also in nutritious food like fruit and milk.
The other type of carbohydrate, the complex
carbohydrate, is known as a starch. Starches
can be found in grain products such as crackers, breads, pasta, and rice.
So how do simple and complex carbohydrates deal with our body? When you eat
carbohydrates, your body breaks them down into simple sugars, which are then
absorbed into the bloodstream. Once the sugar level in your body rises, the pancreas
releases a hormone called insulin, which moves sugar from the blood into cells to be
used as a source of energy. Essentially, carbs equal energy.
So next time you’re eating a piece of toast, or munching on a nice ripe banana,
just remember that your body is breaking down the sugars (mono-saccharides) in your
snack to produce energy for your body.
A bagel contains carbohydrates
pg. 9
Should You Eat Simple Or Complex Carbohydrates? Like mentioned before, there are both simple and complex carbohydrates. If you
need energy and are about to play 3 hours of your favorite fighting game, which should
you, eat, simple or complex? The deciding factor is how the sugars are broken down.
When the body breaks down simple sugars, it does it in a quick motion allowing
the pancreas to release insulin, but in a fast and short dosage. In short, eating simple
sugars will lead to temporary energy and will make you feel hungry sooner. If you try to
eat a bunch of simple carbohydrates a once, you will have a “carb overdose” and your
body will feel more sluggish than fit. This will surely lead to a failure when playing video
games. Next time you hungry for a snack don’t just eat an entire bag of Goldfish; it’s too
many carbohydrates. However, if you eat complex sugars, the pancreas will produce
insulin more slowly, the result of eating many whole grain foods, and your cells will stay
more satisfied over time. Also, many of the simple carbohydrates don’t contain the
minerals, fiber, and other essential substances that complex carbohydrates have. Choose
complex over simple and your body will have more energy for long periods of time.
With this knowledge in hand, it makes perfect sense to eat complex
carbohydrates instead of simple carbohydrates. This is true, but it’s not bad to have
simple carbs during the day, as long as they are the preferred kind.
Here are examples of preferred and not preferred Simple and Complex Carbs:
Healthy Simple & Complex Carbs
Unhealthy Simple & Complex Carbs
Fruit Candy
Vegetables Cake
Whole wheat bread Ice cream
Corn flakes Soda
pg. 10
Nucleic Acids and Pokémon
Every Pokémon should know that they are made of nucleic acids. In the Pokémon
world you go to trainer school to learn about battles and Pokémon. You’ve been taught
about nucleic acids, but they might not have gone too deep in details.
Nucleic acids are one of the building blocks in all organisms. You might’ve heard
of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a type of a nucleic acid and that’s true. Other type of
nucleic acid is RNA (Ribonucleic acid). DNA is a nucleic acid that has contains the
genetic information of all living things. RNA is a copy of DNA taken out of the nucleus,
which is then used to make actual protein from amino acids. A best real world example
of DNA is you zipper; it divides into two strands unwinding and it forms a replication
fork like the DNA does.
There are five parts of a nucleic acid; they include uracil, thymine, adenine,
cytosine and guanine. All of these are known as the nucleotides. Cytosine and thymine
are known as pyrimidine bases while adenine and guanine are known as the purine
bases. All of the five nucleotide bases are made up of three parts which include; five-
carbon sugar, a base that has a nitrogen atom and an ion of phosphoric acid. Now, that
you’ve known about nucleic acids, are you ready to win some Pokémon battles and pass
trainer school?
Building Muscles… with Proteins
Protein is a vital nutrient for your body. In fact, it makes up 45% of the human
body and 20% of your muscles.
Proteins are polymers. For example, protein helps make hemoglobin, which is the
part of the red blood cells that help transport oxygen to other parts of the body. Protein
helps build and repair body tissue. It also regulates the body processes like water
balancing, transporting of nutrients and helping muscles contract.
pg. 11
Food that we eat is broken down into amino acids and then those are what
replace protein. Protein also helps people resist diseases, so if you lack protein you are
more likely to get sick.
There are some foods that contain greater amounts of protein in them! Nuts,
grains, seeds and beans all contain more amounts of protein than other food. However,
if you are tired of those foods, you can have cheese, corn, yogurt, and peanut butter, but
these do not make up for your protein supplement. There are some amino acids in meat
that aren’t in vegetables.
Lipids
Lipids are one of the four Organic Compounds of Chemistry. A lipid doesn’t have
an exact definition, but it is made up of fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids are acids
produced when fats are broken down. They are considered “good fats.” These acids are
not highly soluble in water, and they can be used for energy by most types of cells. They
may be monounsaturated, polyunsaturated or saturated. They are organic, or in other
words, they contain both carbon and hydrogen molecules. The most common
arrangement is found in triglycerides. It’s an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty
acid groups.
Triglycerides are the main constituents of natural fats and oils. Fatty acids have
an acid group and a side chain group. If the R group has single bonds, the fatty acid is
saturated. If it has double bonds, it is unsaturated. Phospholipids are important in cell
membranes. The presence of lipids can be checked with the emulsion test. The emulsion
test is a method to determine the presence of lipids using wet chemistry. The procedure
is for the sample to be suspended in ethanol, allowing lipids present to dissolve. The
ethanolic solution is then decanted into water. Since lipids do not dissolve in water,
when the ethanol is diluted, it falls out of solution to give an emulsion.
In such games as Call of Duty, you need to have good reaction time and need to
move fast; you can’t do that when you aren’t eating right. If you chose to eat healthy,
have good cholesterol, make sure you have the right fatty acids and glycerol in your body
pg. 12
then you will have better reaction time and will be able to get the kill for your team. If
you don’t watch what you eat then you could be the one getting killed, resulting in a loss
for you team. Choose healthy things to put in your body so you can be the best soldier
you have ever been.
The body needs all the organic compounds in order to function properly. It needs
a balance of all the Organic Compounds of Chemistry: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
and nucleic acids. For some diets, you will need a higher amount of protein or
carbohydrates, but in no way should you exclude one of the. If you don’t eat
carbohydrates for example, you will see a drastic shift in the amount of energy you will
have in a normal day.
If you are on a diet, please research what kinds of food you are putting in your
body. Know that some diets will try to get you to cut back or completely stop you from
eating one of the organic compounds. This may help you lose weight, but it’s not worth it
in the long run.
pg. 13
LEVEL 2: Cells, Tissues,
Organs, Organ Systems
When talking about how the body is structured, it’s important to know the relationship
between cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. Cells combine and become more complex,
growing in size as well, to form tissues. Two or more different tissues combine to form organs.
And organs that work together, rather than combining, are classified into one organ system.
Each one builds off the next just like in a video game: to progress to the next level, your previous
skills will be needed. Whether you are faced with a task of capturing the opposing team’s flag or
fighting a dragon, your character will need to build off of his old skills in order to win the game.
Below are the different classifications (cells, tissues, organs and organ systems) that help with
the structure of the body.
What is a Cell?
You might ask, what is a cell? A cell is
a function of unit for all living organisms.
There are two main cells, prokaryotic and
eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells don’t have a
membrane-bound nucleus. The term “pro-
karyotic” means “before nucleus” in Greek.
Examples of prokaryotic cells include
salmonella, bacillus and bacteria. There isn’t a
distinguished function for DNA in prokaryotic
cells, but they are circular on the inside.
On the other hand, eukaryotic cells
contain membrane-bound nucleus as well as parts called organelles. The term “eukaryotic” in
Greek means “truly nuclear”.
Plant cells are considered eukaryotic while animal cells are considered prokaryotic. The
main organelles of both plant cells and animal cells are the nucleus, nucleolus, cell membrane,
cell wall, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus and the vacuole.
Unlike animal cells, plant cells have additional organelles including chloroplasts, plastids, a cell
wall and vacuoles.
A prokaryotic cell
pg. 14
Animal cells are very different from their counterpart. They have centrioles, a
cytoskeleton, cilias and flagellums. The cells do not have chloroplasts, plastids, a cell wall or
vacuoles.
Cells are part of the building blocks of life.
The heart, lungs, brain and other organs are all
made up of cells. The body acts as storage for
trillions of living cells that make up the perfect
health in our everyday lives. They are exposed to
physical, emotional and dysfunctional stress. The
dysfunctional stress results in “dis-ease” because
the body is no longer at ease. Cells are constantly
healing, repairing, rebuilding and protecting us
because of this exposure.
Here are the organelles of both plant and animal cells, with their definitions and
functions:
Nucleus - Controls the whole cell and holds genetic information
Lysosomes – Holds enzymes created by the cells.
Ribosomes – Made up of particles of RNA and proteins.
They’re responsible of amino acids.
Vacuole - Only used in plants cells (but still present in
animal cells) the vacuole is an organelle used for storing
water, protein, nutrients and waste products.
Cytoskeleton – It contains protein filament, which help
the shape of the cell.
Chloroplast: Exclusive to plant cell which produces
photosynthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum: This organelle produces
proteins and lipids also made up of many folds. There are
two types of ER; one being smooth which acts as a storage
organelle, and another one being rough which pack
proteins in ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus: It modifies and sorts out the proteins in
the ER, like a UPS storage.
Cell Membrane - Controls what goes in and out of the
cell.
Cytoplasm- It offers support of speeding the cell travel. The cell is about 80% water.
Mitochondria – Also known as the powerhouse of the cell, it creates energy to the cell through ATP.
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
pg. 15
Tissues
Tissue are similar cells that are put together to perform different functions in the body.
There are four basic types of tissue: epithelial, muscle, nerve and connective tissues. To go into
more detail, because I doubt most of you gamers even know what any of those types of tissues
are, let me explain to you each type and how it affects your body.
The epithelial are more spread out throughout the body. They form the covering of all
body surfaces, organs and any major tissue in the glands. The next tissue is the muscle tissue
which is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce
movement of the body parts and is found well in the blood vessels. The nerve tissue is located in
the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Its responsibility is coordinating and controlling many body
activities. It helps with your muscle contraction and lets you figure out your emotions, memory
and reasoning. To do all these things, cells in nervous tissue need to be able to communicate
with each other by way of electrical nerve impulses. That’s why your nerve tissue is so important
because it controls every little thing you do with your body. Lastly, connective tissues bind
structures together and it also supports organs and the body as a whole, store fat, protect against
disease, and help repair tissue damage.
The four types of tissues
pg. 16
Organs
Could you image in a video game what it would be like if you were going up against an
army of monsters and your character didn’t have any bones or lungs? You wouldn’t be able to
stand up straight or breath. What if you had other organs missing like stomach or heart? If
humans don’t have these, their lives would be much harder, unless of course you were a robot
child built by a Scientist.
An organ is a structure consisting of two or more different tissues that help the body
function properly. All the organs in the body have specific functions such as filtering out blood,
digesting food, producing hormones and more. Think about it like in role playing games; games
where you explore vast worlds with a team of players, each one contributing to the quest. Every
member has specific powers/skills (functions) that helps keep the team alive.
Because organs are made up of different types of tissues, they are also made up of
different types of cells. These cells have specific functions, just like the organs, that help with
such things as maintaining a steady heartbeat, sensing light in the eyes, expelling bile from the
body and other functions as well.
Here is a list of some of the notable organs and their functions:
Brain - This organ’s main function is to receive
and relay messages throughout the body to other
organ and organ systems. Without the brain, you
wouldn’t be able to walk because you couldn’t send
a message to your muscles and skeletal system to
move.
Bones - This organ provides support to the body,
helps with movement, and protects the main
organs from damage.
Muscles (Smooth and Skeletal) - This organ’s
main function is to give the body mobility through
contractions. Without muscles, your body would not
be able to properly digest food or circulate blood in
your body.
A diagram showing where some of
the organs in the body are located.
pg. 17
Heart - This organ, if not the most important organ, circulates blood cells and other nutrients
throughout the body. Without the heart, CO² in red blood cells would not be refreshed with
oxygen and then circulated to throughout the body.
Stomach - This organ’s function is to break down the different foods entering your body from
the esophagus.
Organ Systems
The human organ system consists of several organs working together. These systems are
circulatory, respiratory, renal, nervous, muscle, skeletal, endocrine, digestive and sensory. The
body may be able to survive with some of the organs missing or not being functional but it isn’t
able to survive with important organs not functioning. For example, a human may have a broken
bone or a missing limb, may be deaf or may be paralyzed and live. A human cannot live without
a functioning heart, brain, lungs, circulatory system, liver or other life sustaining organ.
To keep the organ system functioning properly, having a nutritious diet is crucial.
Important vitamins and minerals are critical to ensure proper functioning of the body. Vitamin
B12 is important to the entire organ system but is especially important to the brain and nervous
system. It helps eliminate tingling in the bodies extremities in the body. The inability of the body
to produce or uptake B12 may cause several aliments. Calcium is important for the skeletal
system and Vitamin D helps the absorption of calcium in the body. As both men and women age
they need extra calcium but typically even more in women. Iron bolsters the blood and increases
general health. Fiber is healthy for digestive and Omega 3 is important to prevent cholesterol
build up in the blood.
People of all ages need to ensure good nutrition. Even babies need vitamins, minerals
and a nutritious diet to support the brain and other organs in the body.
The cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems all work together in order to keep your body
functioning properly. When we go more in depth in the following chapters on eating nutritiously
and keeping fit, you will understand how to build healthy cells, tissues, and to maintain healthy
organs and organ systems.
pg. 18
Our Cell Model
A fun activity that can be done in order to
learn the different parts of the cell can be to make
an edible cell model. Be creative as you want to be!
Make sure you include all organelles in the cell,
with their functions and a legend. We decided to
make a candy cell model consisting of such candies
as Skittles, M&M’s, Twizzlers, and more. If you
need to learn about the cell, you should suggest this
activity in your class. You never know what edible
concoction someone will create.
Legend
Lysosomes – Yellow Skittles
Ribosomes – Marker Dots
Vacuole - Blue M&Ms
Endoplasmic reticulum: Jolly Ranchers
Golgi apparatus: Twizzlers
Nucleus - Marshmallow
Cell Membrane – Paper Plate
Cytoplasm – Green Icing (construction paper)
Mitochondria – Mike and Ike’s
Cytoskeleton – Green Squiggles
Photos of a candy cell model
pg. 19
Level 3: Are you nervous
about The Nervous System?
Did you know that there are about 100 billion neurons in your brain alone? Did
you know that there are more cells in the body than the number of stars in the Milky
Way? Did you know by the time that a baby enters the world its brain is already
consisted about 10 million neurons? In the development of a human being, the nervous
system is the most important system because it controls every action within the body
and without it we could never play hundreds of hours of video games.
The nervous system consists of billions of cells that work in harmony. They
communicate through electrical and biochemical signals by carrying impulses translated
into light, odor, taste, sound and touch. The neuron is located in the nucleus of the cell
and has extensions called dendrites, which carry the signals to the brain. When the
message is received, axons carry signals away from the brain. Think of the brain like one
giant information highway; it has to receive, regulate, and send all sorts of information
to various parts of the body. You could also think of it as giant all-powerful robot that is
in charge of everything. And it’s up to you to stop it from taking over the world! That
could be a fun game.
The main parts of the central nervous system are the brain and spinal column.
The brain is the organ that makes humans human. It allows individual thought, emotion
and personality. It processes everything the body does including voluntary and
involuntary movement. Voluntary movement includes walking, talking, eating and
more. You do these actions consciously. Involuntary movements include breathing,
blinking and more. These are actions the individual does subconsciously, without
thinking about it.
pg. 20
The spinal cord consists of nerve
bundles and fibers that allow for messages
to be passed to the brain throughout the
body from the neck to the foot. If the spinal
cord is severed or severely damaged, signals
can’t travel from the brain to another area
of the body and paralysis may occur.
To keep your nervous system healthy
everyone needs to be careful not to damage
their brain or spine. Doing simple things
such as wearing a helmet when riding a
bike, wearing protective padding and
clothes while playing contact sports and
wearing a seat belt in a car are all things
that can help protect you. There are other
healthy things to do to take care of your
nervous system such as taking vitamins like
Omega 3, B-Complex, B12, B6 and eating
healthy foods.
A diagram of the Nervous System
pg. 21
LEVEL 4: Journey through the
Digestive System
Whether you’re a werewolf, dragon or human, it’s essential for your body to break down
food, absorb its nutrients, and expel the waste from the body. Can you believe that this entire
process is done by one organ system?
The digestive system is a
journey that starts in the mouth. Once
digestion starts, the mouth chews the
food; saliva starts to break it down and
makes it easier for the food to move
down the esophagus. After traveling
down the esophagus, the food then
goes to the stomach which churns and
breaks down the food even more, with
help of the liver and pancreas, into
enzymes. Then it continues through the
small intestine. Food breaks down into
its smallest parts, molecules, and is
absorbed by the body through the small
intestine. Food waste is then moved
into the large intestine and moved out
of the body through the rectum and
anus.
The human body depends upon
the nourishment it receives through
digestion. Humans can’t live without
nourishment. While people may live on
feeding tubes, they are being fed essential vitamins and minerals for life. You can live without
certain parts of the digestive system such as the large intestine and gallbladder but not the liver
or pancreas.
As you can see the digestive system is very important to our way of life, so it is for the
best that we take care of it so it can take care of us! That means putting good food in your body
and drinking lots of water.
A diagram of the Digestive System
pg. 22
: Getting Stronger by LEVEL 5
Understanding the Muscular
System
The muscular system is divided into three areas: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Skeletal
muscles are those muscles that attach to the skeletal or bone system. These muscles actually
move the skeleton, for example moving an arm up and down. Smooth muscles are those we
don’t control. They surround the lungs, stomach, bladder and other organs. Cardiac muscles are
heart muscles, they are involuntary
muscles, meaning they pump blood
through your heart and you don’t
have to think about it.
Besides muscles being in
three varieties, they come in many
sizes from the satorius muscle, the
long muscle in your leg, to a little
muscle in your finger or eyebrow.
Keeping your muscles
healthy can be done through
exercise. This is true for all muscle
groups but especially for skeletal
and cardiac muscles. Also eating
and drinking right and taking the
appropriate vitamins for overall
health will enrich muscle health.
A diagram of the Muscular System
pg. 23
LEVEL 6: Integumentary
System - It ’s Healing Time!
Try to imagine the skin as a protective layer, such as body armor. It might not be as
powerful as a James Bond’s, but it does keep all your inner organs, tissues and cells protected
from threats outside the body. The skin also has amazing healing powers. So whether you scrap
your knee playing football or get cut while fighting in the Coliseum in the virtual world, your
skin will heal over time and with proper treatment.
Understanding how the
skin’s functions are important in
know when studying human
anatomy. The organs of the
integumentary system consist of
the skin, nails, hair, and other
glands. Skin, the body’s largest
organ, has three layers:
epidermis, dermis, and the
subscanteous layer. The
epidermis is the outer most
layer of the skin where all the
dead skin cells are packed in
tightly. The dermis is the deeper
layer in the skin that contains
glands including sweat glands as well as other things like blood and supplies. The subcanteous is
the layer that provides protection for the other organs beneath the skin.
The integumentary system provides support, protection, and a place for the removal of
dead cells carrying harmful wastes. The fingernails, hair, and chalices on your hands are just
built up dead epidermal cells. Did you know that hair and nails grow more as your cells die off?
A diagram of the outer layer of skin
pg. 24
LEVEL 7: When Nutrition
Attacks!
When you open a guide book to one of your favorite video games, it always has
that single chapter or section that really makes you say “Oh wow. That’s awesome.”
Well, in this chapter, When Nutrition Attacks, we aim to hear you say those same words.
We’re pulling out all the stops, by including information on eating healthy,
exercising, keeping the brain healthy and some fun articles written by this guide’s
authors! You’ll also learn about the importance of eating healthy, an exclusive exercise
plan and more cool facts.
So strap yourself in for an adventure filled with useful information that you may
use in your life, or should I say level?
Eating Healthy
The number of calories that an average human should consume is about 2500
calories per day. You also might need many more calories if most of your weight is
muscle compared with fat. One pound of muscle burns about three times the number of
calories as a pound of fat. You could also burn calories by exercising. The best way to
burn them is to do small chores in your house, jog/walk a mile, or anything that involves
your body to move.
Americans now spend about $140 billion dollars on fast food. Many of the fast
foods that Americans purchase include large amounts of fats, sodium, and cholesterol.
Some fats are good for your body but majority of the fats that you consume from fast
food harm your heart which could lead to a stroke, heart attack and even death. Sodium
and cholesterol also play the same role as fats but sodium could give hypertension in the
heart and cholesterol could block the hearts blood and from even giving it pure oxygen.
You have to look at the content of the nutrition label on foods. Be careful what
you eat, your health is important and by looking at the nutrition labels on food it will
pg. 25
help you understand better. Next time you go to a fast food restaurant think about
eating a fruit or a veggie.
How Do You Eat Healthy?
Eating healthy means is that you consume different variety of healthy foods that
will give you nutrients that maintain your health, and have energy. You have to avoid
processed foods that involve sodium and sugar, instead pick some colorful food such as
fruits and vegetables that are high in fiber, minerals, and vitamins. You have to eat 2
cups of fruit and 3 cups of veggies daily.
Specific Things to Eat and Not to Eat
There are many healthy foods that you need to eat in your daily life. Foods like,
spinach, yogurt, carrots, nuts, and tomatoes. You should mainly eat nuts and other food
with high amounts of vitamins and minerals. Eating yogurt really boost up your immune
system, and also protects your from cancer and cavities. If blueberries mix yogurt you
have a powerhouse of a breakfast or a snack. Another healthy nutrition food to eat is
blueberries. Blueberries have high vitamins and minerals, which include fiber, Vitamin
A, and C. Blueberries mainly help prevent cancer, diabetes and age-related memory loss.
If you eat about a cup of blueberries you are on a healthy start. There are many
unhealthy foods out there. Some in which include chips, burgers, fries, or chicken
nuggets. All of these foods pack large amounts of calories, grams of fat, and cholesterol.
It would be best to stay away from food that contain too much oil and many others
which could cause cancer and even result a type II diabetes.
Importance of Eating Healthy Foods
Eating healthy is important. Eating healthy could prevent you from being obese,
according to the Surgeon General about 30,000 live could be saved every single year if
Americans maintained a healthy diet. Obesity leads you to heart diseases such as a heart
attack, and a stroke. Being overweight could put a strain on your body that can lead
pg. 26
unhealthy effects on your mental health. Another reason why eating healthy is
important is that it develops your bones. If you don’t get enough magnesium, potassium,
and calcium your bone cells will be deprived from growth. To get healthy bones you have
to eat low-fat vegetables, fruit, dairy, or soy products to get best nutrients every day for
your bones.
Did you know that in 2010 over 1.9 million cases of diabetes are diagnosed in
people over the age of 20 years old? According to the Surgeon General 8 of 10 diabetics
is either overweight or obese, the cause of this is due to an unhealthy diet. Having
diabetes and being overweight could lead to a heart attack or stroke which can result in
death. If you get essential vitamins and minerals in your diet such as vitamin B6, and
magnesium you will be a healthy person and will be less likely to get type II diabetes. It’s
very important to eat healthy not only you feel better, but you will be better for mental
and physical health which declines your amount of stress.
Kyle’s Exclusive Exercise Plan
For you gamers out there who probably think exercise is too much work or a
waste of time, please read this. It might change your mind. Exercise is very important in
your life and if you were not to do some type of exercise you could end up overweight or
obese and then if you wanted to get fit again it would be much more difficult to do so.
Now some way think exercising may take up a lot of your time but it doesn’t have to be
like that. Think about how many hours of video games you play a day, now if you were to
exercise as much as that maybe it would take up most of your time but if you balance out
your time then you would be able to exercise the right amount of time and still be able to
play your game. It is up to you on how much you want to work out because it depends
how fit you want to be.
If you want to be really fit then you will probably work out almost every day but
maybe only for 30 minutes. If you want to be fit so that you won’t get that fat but won’t
spend too much time working out you may work out for about 30 minutes to an hour
but only for a few times a week. Now when working out you want to start of slow and not
push yourself as much unless you want to get really fit and commit to it. If you are
pg. 27
willing to commit I would say that you start out doing some exercises like lifting weights
or running, depends on what you want to build up.
If you are wanting to start off slow and just get some exercise every now and then
I would say maybe slowly start running to see how much you can handle and try and
progress in that and get better. Also you could lift weights but I’d start out with a small
number and work your way up so you don’t push yourself. Also whether you want to
only exercise every now and then or work out every day and try and get fit make sure to
watch out how much you exercise because you don’t want to push yourself too hard and
take the chance of getting hurt. I would say depending on how well you do with
exercising after maybe a week then you can decide on whether you want to stop
exercising, keep up your routine, or even maybe bump up your workout and try and get
bigger or faster. I wouldn’t say though to completely stop exercising because you do
need to exercise in your life to stay fit and healthy.
Exercising doesn’t only just make you healthier and have bigger muscles, but
doing so can improve your other systems like your Respiratory and Circulatory system.
With exercising such as running it can make your Respiratory System even stronger
because after running for a while you will get used to running a lot and that will
strengthen the way you breathe and control your heart rate when running.
Now when exercising such as lifting weights, after a while it can make your
muscles bigger and when your muscles get bigger it also widens your blood vessels
which means that more blood flows through your circulatory system which could be
good for your body. Even if its once a week and it’s just doing little things that would be
better than doing nothing than play video games all day.
Keeping the Brain healthy
Even while you may be using your muscles to fend off dragons and tainted
creatures, you need to take care of the powerhouse of it all, your brain.
Your brain is very important to the rest of your body, it is what send signals and
messages to your other body systems and tells them what to do. If you didn’t take care of
pg. 28
your brain, when you are fighting a battle you could be too slow, and that can cause you
to loose.
So, how do you take care of your brain? Well, there are certain foods that help
keep your mind sharp. Olive oil and avocados help increase blood flow; Olive oil helps
break down clots while avocados increase blood flow to the brain. Make sure to also
exercise to make sure you keep your blood circulating to reduce clots. So are there any
myths about keeping your brain healthy? Yes. While people say that you shouldn’t drink
caffeine because it is bad for your mind and body. Studies have proven that you
shouldn’t over drink caffeine but in moderate amounts it could actually help your
memory and fight against Alzheimer’s. Another myth is also to eat fish, even though
fish is healthy, you have to eat the right type of fish, like salmon. Stay away from
swordfish and tilapia as they are unhealthy for your body and brain… And now for the
big myth, does playing video games help your mind? Answer, Yes! Video games can help
build your memory and help you make decisions 85% faster! But, with everything
moderation is key, while video games help you, if you sit in front of your computer for
20 hours a day playing them; you are actually reversing the process.
While you are eating healthy and exercising, there are also a few other things that
can help your brain stay healthy that you wouldn’t think of. For example, reading the
newspaper comics, laughing, sleeping, run, tickle, fly, look your enemies in the eye and
figure out the ninths of pie! Ok, but seriously… Laughing, Sleeping, reading, and being
social are great ways to keep your mind sharp! Get ready to level up and prepare for the
next boss battle with your renewed mind!
pg. 29
BONUS LEVEL: FUN ARTICLES!
YAY! You’ve found the bonus level of the book! This level contains articles written
specially by the authors explaining their favorite games and how you could use them in
real life situations. From the planning to the actual writing, the authors all agree that the
bonus levels were super fun to create. So get off your video game butts and enjoy the
level!
Why is it Important to Train and
Exercise before a Fight?
By Kyle Kilpatrick
It is really important to train and
exercise before a fight because if you don’t
do so then you will most likely lose the
fight every single time. Training and
exercising is one of the most important
things to do before a fight. Exercising gets
your body fit and stronger and with that
you have a better chance of winning a fight
but being the bigger person doesn’t always
mean you win the fight. It’s the person
who is a more skilled fighter than will win the fight most of the time. That’s why you
need to train and practice fighting beforehand either with a trainer or on your own with
the right equipment. With the right amount of training and exercise a fighter can be
fully prepared and ready for the fight they are about to be in.
Wrestlers from WWE Legends
of Wrestle Mania
pg. 30
Why Does Mario Eat Mushrooms?
By Dylan Schnurman
Can you guess who runs fast, jumps over turtles, and yells “It’s a me!”? If you
were thinking of the famous red hat and blue overall wearing, Italian plumber, Mario,
then you are correct. Time after time, he’s been the one who defeats the bad guys and
saves the princess, all by eating mushrooms. So why eat those small, spongy fungi?
Does it make Mario grow in size, yes, but it also provides him with much more than that.
Mushrooms low in carbohydrates, protein, and fat, and provide the body many
other amazing things. They are low in calories (only about
100cal/oz.) and their dry weight is about 8-10% fiber
making these fungi great for people who are trying to
manage their weight. Mushrooms also are a great source
of potassium. One medium portabella mushroom can
have more potassium than a banana or a glass of orange
juice.
Something that most people don’t know is that
mushrooms contain a lot of minerals and vitamins that
help the body: Vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin and
various B vitamins. These are all essential for metabolism
and to keeping red blood cells functioning properly. The
minerals found in mushrooms include selenium,
potassium and phosphorus. A single 5 oz. serving can
even provide about 35% of your daily value of copper.
Research on mushrooms has shown that they consuming them can even lower
the risk of cancer. Health professionals have tested this by consuming twice the
recommended daily intake of mushrooms (containing Selenium, an antioxidant that
fights free radicals). The results show that their risk of prostate cancer was cut by 65%.
It’s also been shown that mushrooms can reduce the risk of breast cancer, decrease the
size of tumors in a dose-dependent manner, and stimulate the immune system and
fight infection.
There’s no wonder why Mario eats all those mushrooms: to stay fit, fight cancer,
and to be able to save the princess. Maybe you should eat mushrooms more often. It
might not help you save a princess, but it’ll give you a lot more other things.
A red mushroom from the
Super Mario Bros. series
pg. 31
How Does Blood Magic Affect
your Nutrition and Brain?
By Cody Davis
So, with all this talk about the brain and video games, there is something that we
think should be brought up – ok, so the character’s wanted to bring it up. Blood Magic…
With this subject, many questions occur, for example:
What is Blood magic anyway?! Good or Evil? Can you be a good blood mage? What does
blood have to do with magic? Why do mages deserve freedom? What about the
Templars and blood magic?
Ok, so even though these are all
very good questions and while we will
briefly touch all of them, there is one
question that is our main focus. Why
does using blood magic affect your
brain? Well, there are actually many
reasons that it does. Number one,
Blood magic is bad! It’s also very
dangerous. If you play Dragon Age
Origins, blood magic wasn’t as much of
a problem, but, in Dragon Age 2 is
created unnecessary chaos. So, for those of you who aren’t mages of any sort, you are
problem like “What is blood magic?”
Well, blood magic is a form of magic that uses blood to cast spells. Even the best
mage can fall to its temptation. Once you use blood magic, it’s very hard to stop. You
even risk becoming an abomination because you can fall easily to spirits from whatever
magical realm you can connect to, like the Fade for example. Templars (Not like the
Assassin’s Creed Templars) are scared of blood magic which can lead to the hatred of
mages. If you are not captured by the Templars and thrown into the Circle of Magi you
are branded an Apostate, even if you don’t use blood magic. Is the Circle good? Well,
that also depends on where you are from. Being an adventurer myself and traveling
An evil blood mage from the
Dragon Age series.
pg. 32
throughout Thedas (Dragon Age), I have seen/heard of a few Circles which are all
extremely different. It honestly just depends on who is running them.
So, now that we know what blood magic is we can go back to our main question,
why does using blood magic affect your brain?
Well, being a mage already makes you vulnerable to the spirit realm. Spirits can
already try to talk to you while you are fully aware of this. Demons take advantage of this
and disguise themselves to make you believe that they are other spirits like Hope,
Justice, Strength, etc. It is because of this that so many mages fall prey to blood magic
because they believe that they are doing it to “gain their freedom”, don’t ask me why. I
don’t know. I’m a rogue not a mage. Anyway, after a mage uses blood magic, their mind
becomes tainted because now, they are easier prey and are almost directly connect to the
Fade (or anything like it). Their actions cause part of their senses to get blocked and not
understand what they are doing. They become thinner and eat less because most of their
energy is used for the magic. In most cases that I have seen through my adventuring,
blood magic leads to death. If not death, then the fate worse than death, becoming an
abomination. If it gets to this state there is no hope. Your mind loses all sense and
knowledge and you are doomed to walk the earth until you die in some fashion.
Blood magic is bad; it’s not good for your body or mind. So don’t do it… It’s not
worth it.
pg. 33
The Importance of Training Pokemon
By Omkar Paturu
Every Pokémon needs to train and
exercise in-order to win a battle and become
the world’s strongest Pokémon, right? But
you as a Pokémon trainer need to help your
Pokémon train and exercise to defeat the
Gym leaders and most important of all; the
Elite Four Champion.
Exercising could give you a lot of
benefits just than sitting on a couch.
Exercise boosts your energy. It delivers
oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and helps your cardiovascular system work more
efficiently. Exercising also builds up your body image, reduces stress, and even improves
learning. You need to have at least about 30 minutes of physical activity; you also need
to have a solid plan on to meet your specific goals. Next time you want to win a
Pokémon battle exercise your Pokémon out about 30 minutes daily and you will be the
very best.
END GAME
“Oh wow. That sure was a lot of awesome information!”
Congratulations, you have completed all the levels in this guide book. But there
are never true endings to anything because in life once you end something, you begin
again. We hope that you enjoyed reading this book with its many amazing chapters.
Above all, we hope that it gave you some useful tips and information that you can bring
into your own life.
From all the authors, we would like to say thank you for reading and to please eat
healthy, exercise regularly and keep gaming on!
Ash Ketchum and Pikachu from the
Pokémon animated series.
pg. 34
Acknowledgement
This book is dedicated to big fans of video gamers who are trying to eat healthy.
We also want to thank the peers who made this book successful, and positive feedback
received on this book. We encourage video gamers to start eating healthy and put junk
food aside.
pg. 35
GLOSSARY
Chemistry of life
Nucleic acids: building blocks in organisms.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): a type of a nucleic acid that contains the genetic material used to build
Nucleotides: Purine and pyrimidine bases that are organized to create proteins. Uracil, thymine,
adenine and cytosine are all nucleotides.
Simple Carbohydrates: Simple sugars. They’re easy to break down.
Complex Carbohydrates: Complex sugars. They take longer to break down.
Lipid: Lipids are one of the four Organic Compounds of Chemistry. They consist of fatty acids and
triglycerides
Organic: Containing both Carbon and Hydrogen molecules
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Prokaryotic Cells: cells that don’t have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cells: cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Polymers: A substance that has a molecular structure built up from a large number of similar units
bonded together.
Aliments: Nutrify or give nourishment to.
Human organ system: A holistic system consisting of several systems working together.
Fiber: A substance formed of such threads or filaments.
Nucleus - Controls the whole cell and holds genetic information
Lysosomes – Holds enzymes created by the cells.
Ribosomes – Made up of particles of RNA and proteins. They’re responsible of amino acids.
Vacuole - Only used in plants cells (but still present in animal cells) the vacuole is an organelle used
for storing water, protein, nutrients, and waste products.
Cytoskeleton – It contains protein filaments which help the shape of the cell.
Chloroplast: Exclusive to plant cell which produces photosynthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum: This organelle produces proteins and lipids also made up of many folds.
There are two types of ER; one being smooth which acts as a storage organelle, another one being
rough which pack proteins in ribosomes.
Golgi apparatus: It modifies and sorts out the proteins in the ER, which basically acts like a UPS
storage.
Cell Membrane - Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm- It offers support of speeding the cell travel. The cell is about 80% water.
Mitochondria – Also known as the powerhouse of the cell, it creates energy to the cell through ATP.
Brain - This organ’s main function is to receive and relay messages throughout the body to other
pg. 36
organ and organ systems. Without the brain, you wouldn’t be able to walk because you could not
send a message to your muscles and skeletal system to move.
Bones - This organ provides support to the body, helps with movement, and protects the main
organs from damage.
Muscles (Smooth and Skeletal) - This organ’s main function is to give the body mobility through
contractions. Without muscles, your body would not be able to properly digest food or circulate
blood in your body.
Heart - This organ, if not the most important organ, circulates blood cells and other nutrients
throughout the body. Without the heart, CO² in red blood cells would not be refreshed with oxygen
and then circulated to throughout the body.
Stomach - This organ’s function is to break down the different foods entering your body from the
esophagus.
Nervous system
Neuron: located in the nucleus, a cell that has extensions called dendrites which carry the signals to
the brain.
Brain: the organ that allows individual thought, emotion, and personality. It processes everything the
body does including voluntary and involuntary movement.
Spinal Cord: The organ that consists of nerve bundles and fibers that allow for messages to be passed
to the brain throughout the body from the neck to the foot.
Digestive system
Esophagus: The part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach
Stomach - This organ’s function is to break down the different foods entering your body from the
esophagus.
Muscular system
Muscular system: divided into three areas: skeletal, smooth and cardiac.
Skeletal muscles: muscles that attach to the skeletal or bone system.
Smooth muscles: muscles we don’t control.
Cardiac muscles: heart muscles, they are involuntary muscles, meaning they pump blood through
your heart.
Satorius muscle: the long muscle in your leg, to a little muscle in your finger or eyebrow.
pg. 37
Integumentary system
Epidermis: epidermis is the outer most layer of the skin where all the dead skin cells are packed in
tightly.
Dermis: deeper layer in the skin that contains glands including sweat glands as well as other things
like blood and supplies.
Subcanteous: layer that provides protection for the other organs beneath the skin
Nutrition
Calories: A measurement on the amount of food energy
Fat: A name for the lipids, waxes, triglycerides, phospholipids in food
Sodium: An element that the body needs to function properly. It helps regulate blood pressure and
blood volume.
Calcium: An element that the body needs to function properly. It helps with building strong bones.
Selenium: A major anti-oxidant which protects cell membranes.
Magnesium: An element/mineral that helps with biochemical reactions in the body.
Potassium: An extremely important electrolyte that is essential for the nervous system.
Cholesterol: A waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones, vitamin D
and bile. Cholesterol is also important for protecting nerves and for the structure of cells.
Respiratory System: the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide
Circulatory system: The system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the
heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands. The organs that involved
include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.
pg. 38
SOURCES
Level 2: Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems
What is a Cell?
Daniel Kunkel (n.d.). Prokaryotic Cells Retrieved from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Daniel Kunkel (n.d.). Prokaryote Retrieved from
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/prokaryote.gif
Daniel Kunkel (n.d). Eukaryotic Cells Retrieved from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Daniel Kunkel (n.d.) Eukaryote Animal. Retrieved from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/eukaryote_animal.gif
Daniel Kunkel (n.d.) Eukaryote Plant. Retrieved from:
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/eukaryote_plant.gif
R Nave (n.d). Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Retrieved from:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/prokar.html
Tissues
J. Stein Carter (1996). Tissues, Organs, Systems. Retrieved from
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/tissue.htm
N.B Life Cycle - Human Biology (4A) Post Lab. Retrieved from
http://msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/lc/humanbio/4/lchb4_3a.html
Organs
Anthony, Carpi, (copyright 1998-1999). Basic Anatomy - Tissues and Organs.
Retrieved from http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/14-anatomy.htm
Inside the Torso. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. 2010-2011. Retrieved from
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/fundamentals/the_human_body/tissues_and_o
rgans.html
Level 3: Nervous System
n.b (n.d.) Neurons and Nerves. Retrieved from http://universe-review.ca/R10-
16-ANS.htm
n.b (n.d.) Nervous System Diagram. Retrieved from:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Nervous_system_diagram.png
pg. 39
Level 4: The Digestive Journey
EnCognitive. Digestive System Diagram. N.d. Anatomy (Cleansing and
Detoxification), Unknown. EnCognitive. Web. 28 Oct. 2011.
Geographic. (n.d.). Digestive System, Digestion Information, Digestive System
Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic. Science and Space Facts, Science and
Space, Human Body, Health, Earth, Human Disease - National Geographic. Retrieved
October 29, 2011, from http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-
human-body/human-body/digestive-system-article/
Level 5: Getting Stronger by understanding the Muscular System
Students. (n.d.) How to keep your muscles healthy. Retrieved from
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112205/healthy%20muscles.htm
http://www.glogster.com/media/5/25/33/97/25339789.gif
Level 6: Integumentary System. It’s Healing Time
Integumentary System. (n.d.). In Vanderbilt University, Medical Center online.
Retrieved from
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection2/Integumentarysy
stem03.htm
Schematic diagram of skin appendages. From Wheater’s Functional Histology, a
text and colour atlas, p. 164, Figure 9.9. Retrieved from
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection2/Integumentarysy
stem03.htm
Level 7: nutrition
Eating Healthy
Jason Machowsky (2011, March 28). How Many Calories Does an Average Person
Need?. Retrieved from: http://www.livestrong.com/article/138428-how-many-calories-
does-average-person-need/
n.b (2011). Healthy Eating Statistics: America's Obesity Crisis. Retrieved from:
http://www.thehealthyeatingguide.com/healthyeatingstatistics.html
pg. 40
How Do You Eat Healthy?
Kathy. (2011, August 12). What does eating healthy mean? Retrieved from:
http://www.breastcancer.org/tips/nutrition/healthy_eat/
Richard Nelson. (2011, May 8) What does it mean to eat healthy? Retrieved from:
http://www.livestrong.com/article/399096-what-does-it-mean-to-eat-healthy/
Specific Things to Eat and Not to Eat
Jeff. (2009, January 8). Eat Healthier: The Eight Best Foods To Eat Everyday
[Web log message] Retrieved from: http://mysuperchargedlife.com/blog/eat-healthier-
best-foods-to-eat/
n.b. (n.d). The 100 Most Unhealthy Foods in the American Diet [Web log
message] Retrieved from: http://www.x-raytechnicianschools.org/florida/the-100-most-
unhealthy-foods-in-the-american-diet/
Importance of Eating Healthy Foods
Diabetes Statistics (2011, January 26.) Data from the 2011 National Diabetes
Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/
n.b (2006, April 3) The Importance of Healthy Eating Habits. Retrieved from
http://www.lifescript.com/body/diet/eat-
well/the_importance_of_healthy_eating_habits.aspx
Contributing Writer. (2011, March 11.) WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO EAT
HEALTHY. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/46319-important-eat/
Keeping the Brain Healthy
n.b (2008, May 29) Brain Power: 100 Ways to Keep Your Mind Healthy and Fit.
Retrieved from: http://oedb.org/library/features/100-ways-to-keep-your-mind-healthy
Ravi (2007, July 02) 15 Extra Ways To Keep Your Brain Healthy.[Web log]
Retrieved from: http://linuxhelp.blogspot.com/2007/07/15-extra-ways-to-keep-your-
brain.html
BONUS LEVEL: FUN ARTICLES!
W h y D o e s M a r i o E a t M u s h r o o m s ?
Winston Craig, MPH, PhD, RD. (Copyright © 2003 - 2011). Health Benefits of
Mushrooms. Retrieved from http://www.vegetarian-nutrition.info/updates/mighty-
mushrooms.php
pg. 41
W h y i s i t i m p o r t a n t t o t r a i n a n d e x e r c i s e P o k e m o n a n d m a k e t h e m
s t r o n g ?
Deborah Kotz (2010, July 30). 5 Mind-Blowing Benefits of Exercise. Retrieved
from: http://health.usnews.com/health-news/diet-
fitness/fitness/articles/2010/06/30/0630healthexercise
Mayo Clinic staff (2011, July 23). Exercise: 7 benefits of regular physical activity.
Retrieved from:
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/exercise/HQ01676/NSECTIONGROUP=2
pg. 42
A b c d e f g h I j
K l m n o p q r S
pg. 43
A b c d e f g h I j
K l m n o p q r S
pg. 44
“I find this guide very relatable to my health! Teenagers should put down the
controller and pick up this book, even if it’s just for an hour. Two thumbs up.”
–Mario from the Super Mario Bros series
“Of all the stories that I have told and read, The Super Awesome Nutrition
Guide! is by far is the most epic. ★★★★”
-Varric from Dragon Age
“Pika pi. Pika pika, Pikachu!!”
(Translation: This book is so amazing. I can’t contain my excitement!)
–Pikachu from the Pokémon Series
“I can see this book being a huge hit throughout the world. This guide deserves
an award just on its entertainment value alone!”
-Leliana from Dragon Age
