THE STUDY OF STRENGTH CHARACTERISTIC OF CONCRETE …€¦These days the concrete is commonly used as a material for construction in the globe with ... coconut fibre and etc. Coir fibre

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp. 1814–1822, Article ID: IJMET_08_07_201

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7

ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

THE STUDY OF STRENGTH CHARACTERISTIC

OF CONCRETE BY ADDING COIR FIBRE AND

REPLACEMENT OF STEEL SLAG

Ankit Sharma

M.Tech Student, School of Civil Engineering,

Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab, India.

Jaspreet Singh

Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering,

Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab, India.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study will be to figure out the influence on the various

strength of concrete by the addition of coconut fibres and replacing fine aggregates in

concrete by steel slag.

Sometimes some materials are added in concrete as the replacement of cement up

to some extent. These materials are called self-cementing materials such as fly ash,

silica fume, rise husk ash and etc.

In this research work fine aggregates will be replaced with steel slag and coir

fibre will be added in concrete. From the precious research papers it was found the

coconut fibres gives good strength to the concrete and increase its properties. So here

the aim of this study will be to find out the compressive and tensile strength of

concrete by adding coir fibre in concrete and replacing fine aggregates in concrete by

steel slag. Coconut fibre is the waste material which is obtains from the outer most

part of the coconut.

Key words: Coir fibre, Steel slag, Compressive strength, Tensile strength.

Cite this Article: Ankit Sharma and Jaspreet Singh The Study of Strength

Characteristic of Concrete by Adding Coir Fibre and Replacement of Steel Slag.

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp.

1814–1822.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7

1. INTRODUCTION

These days the concrete is commonly used as a material for construction in the globe with the

new discoveries in technology and science in the field of construction, the use of concrete as

structural member by the different basis .It has been found that the concrete is weak in

The Study of Strength Characteristic of Concrete by Adding Coir Fibre and Replacement of Steel

Slag


flexural and tension, the concrete is most commonly found that reinforced using reinforced

bars of steel. Most time it is found that the use of steel reinforcement is very expensive to

make the concrete durable, economical and strong world–wide. Considerable efforts have

been made to make the concrete strong and durable. Fibre concrete can withstand more stress

following a portion of its resistance sustain cracking. There are different types of fibres

available which can be added in concrete to enhance its properties such as glass fibres, steel

fibre, jute fibre, coconut fibre and etc. Coir fibre used in concrete enhances its compressive as

well as tensile strength. It block the propagation of cracks to move further. Steel slag also

increases the strength of concrete. Steel slag is mainly composed of Cao 40 – 45%, SiO2 10 –

19%, FeO 10 – 40%, MnO 5 – 8%, MgO 5 – 10%, Al2O3 1 – 3%, p2O5 0.5 -1%, S <1% and

metallic Fe 0.5 – 10%. Some researches on the effect of coir fibre on strength of concrete or

the effect of steel slag on concrete properties have been done previously but in those

researches these materials was added alone but in this study the main aim is to figure out the

combine effect of both steel slag and coir fibre on concrete. When coir fibre and steel slag are

used as combination of both it give increase in strength which is more than as used alone in

concrete.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Materials

2.1.1. Coir fibre

Extracted part from the outer shell of a coconut is Coconut fibre. Coir, Cocoasnucifera and

Arecaceae (Palm), respectively are the family name of the coconut fibre.

There are basically two types of coconut fibre.

a) Brown fibres: - This type of fibre is strong, thick and has high abrasion resistance.

b) White fibres: -This type of fibre is finer and smoother, but they are very weak in strength.

Coconut fibres are commercial obtainable in three forms, namely bristle (long fibres),

mattress (relatively short) and decorticated (mixed fibres). All these three type of fibres has a

different use which depends upon the requirement.

2.2.2. Steel slag

The by-product of melting of steel waste from the impurities and fluxing agents is known as

steel slag. This is a liquid slag floating over the liquid steel in arc or induction furnaces, or

other melting units. Historically substantial amount of solid wastes are generated from

ferroalloys industry. Industries generate great amount of waste materials which cause

tremendous harm to both the environment and ecology. 10-15% of the waste removed from

the furnace separately to the total steel produced. The composition of steel slag is shown in

table below.

Table 1 (Chemical composition of steel slag)

constituent CaO SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Al2O3 P2O5 S Metallic

Fe

Composition

(%)

40-52 10-19 10-40 5-8 5-10 1-3 0.5-1 <0.1 0.5-10

Ankit Sharma and Jaspreet Singh


2.2.3. Ordinary Portland cement OPC

Ordinary Portland cement will fulfil the requirements of IS 8112 : 1989 is used for the present

experimental work.OPC 43 Grade cement is used.

Table 2 (OPC value)

S.no Characteristics Experimental value Value specified by

IS8112:1989

1. Specific

Gravity 3.18 -

2. Standard

Consistency 32% -

3. Initial

Setting time 48 min More than 30 Min.

4. Final

Setting time 248 min Not More than 600 Min.

2.2.4 Aggregates

Sand is used as fine aggregates. Sand used is first sieve through 4.75 mm sieve and material

which is retained on this sieve is used as coarse aggregate. 10 to 20mm size coarse aggregates

are used in making of concrete.

2.2.5. Water

Potable water is used for making of concrete. Water used for making concrete should be free

from chemical impurities

2.2. Methods

2.2.1. Compressive Strength

For testing the compressive strength of concrete cubes of size 150mm × 150mm × 150mm are

prepared and are tested on compressive testing machine. The strength of cubes is expressed in

N/mm2.

2.2.2. Tensile Strength

To find the tensile strength cylindrical specimens are prepared of size 200mm length and

100mm diameter and these are tested on CTM also. Tensile strength found is expressed in

N/mm2.

2.2.3. Mix Proportion for M20 Grade Concrete and Result

Experimental values:

Specific gravity of cement = 3.15

Specific gravity of fine aggregates = 2.60

Specific gravity of course aggregates (20mm) = 2.65

Specific gravity of course aggregates (10mm) = 2.66

Water - 186lt

Cement - 387kg

Fine Aggregates - 581kg

Course Aggregates - 1304kg


Slag


3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Compressive strength

Table 3 (Compressive Strength)

Sr. No. MIX 28 days Compressive strength

(N/mm2)

1 M20 25.4

2 M20 + 7% steel slag 26.2

3 M20 + 14% steel slag 28.9

4 M20 + 21% steel slag 32.5

5 M20 + 28% steel slag 33.4

6 M20 + 35% steel slag 31.2

7 M20 + 1% coir fibre 27.0

8 M20 + 2% coir fibre 29.7

9 M20 + 3% coir fibre 26.8

10 M20 + 7% steel slag + 1% coir fibre 28.5











21 M20 + 28% steel slag + 3% coir fibre 31

Figure1 (Compressive Strength)

According to this figure or graph its is clear that the value of compressive strength for 28

day with replacement of fine aggregates with the steel slag is start increasing with increase in

0

10

20

30

40

0 7% 14% 21% 28% 35%

Co

mp

ers

siv

e S

tre

ng

th

Steel slag

28 days Compressive strength

28 days Compressive

strength



the percentage of steel slag upto 28% and then it start decreasing. The maximum value of

compressive strength is at 28% of the steel slag.

Figure 2 (Compressive Strength Using Coir Fibre)

According to this figure or graph it is clear that the value of compressive strength for 28

day with addition of coir fibre in M20 concrete is start increasing with increase in the

percentage of coir fibre up to 2% and then it start decreasing. The maximum value of

compressive strength is at 2% of the coir fibre.

Figure 3 (Steel Slag + Coir Fibre)

Table 4 % of steel slag and coir fibre

Name Steel Slag% + Coir Fibre%

CS1 7% + 1%

CS2 7% +2%

CS3 7%+ 3%

CS4 14% + 1%

CS5 14% + 2%

CS6 14% + 3%

CS7 21% + 1%

CS8 21% + 2%

CS9 21% + 3%

CS10 28% + 1%

CS11 28% + 2%

CS12 28% + 3%

20

25

30

35

0% 1% 2% 3%

Co

mp

ress

ive

Str

en

gth

Coir Fiber



0

10

20

30

40

CS

1

CS

2

CS

3

CS

4

CS

5

CS

6

CS

7

CS

8

CS

9

CS

10

CS

11

CS

12

Co

mp

ers

siv

e S

tre

ng

th

Steel Slag% + Coir Fiber%

28 days Compressive Strength

28 days Compressive Strength


Slag


According to above fibre it is clear that the value compressive strength for 28 days is vary

when coir fibre is added and fine aggregates are replaced with the steel slag in M20 concrete.

Variation is occurring when different percentage of coir fibre and steel slag is added.

Sometimes the value of compressive strength is decreases or sometimes increases. But the

maximum value of compressive strength is at CS11(28% steel slag + 2% coir fibre).

3.2. Tensile Strength

Table 5 (Tensile Strength)

S. No. Mix Strength (28 days)

1 M20 3.1

2 M20 + 7% Steel slag 3.8

3 M20 + 14% Steel slag 4.2

4 M20 + 21% Steel slag 5.5

5 M20 + 28% Steel slag 5.5

6 M20 + 35% Steel slag 4.5

7 M20 + 1% coir fibre 5.2



10 M20 + 7% Steel slag + 1% coir fibre 4.7












Figure 4 (Tensile Strength using Steel Slag)

0

2

4

6

0% 7% 14% 21% 28% 35Te

nsi

le S

tre

ng

th

Steel slag

Tensile Strength 28 days

Tensile Strength 28 days



According to this figure or graph it is clear that the value of tensile strength for 28 day

with replacement of fine aggregates with the steel slag is start increasing with increase in the

percentage of steel slag up to 28% and then it start decreasing. The maximum value of

compressive strength is at 21% & 28% of the steel slag.

Figure 5 (Tensile Strength using Coir Fibre)

According to this figure or graph i t is clear that the value of tensile strength for 28 day

with addition of coir fibre in M20 concrete is start increasing with increase in the percentage

of coir fibre up to 2% and then it start decreasing. The maximum value of tensile strength is at

2% of the coir fibre.

Figure 6 (Steel Slag + Coir Fibre)

According to above fibre it is clear that the value tensile strength for 28 days is vary when

coir fibre is added and replace the fine aggregates with the steel slag in M20 concrete.

Variation is occurring when different percentage of coir fibre and steel slag is added.

Sometimes the value of tensile strength is decreases or sometimes increases. But the

maximum value of tensile strength is at TS8 (21% steel slag + 2% coir fibre).

0

2

4

6

8

0% 1% 2% 3%

Te

nsi

le S

tre

ng

th

Coir Fiber

Tensile Strength 28 day

Tesile Strength 28 day

0

2

4

6

8

10

TS

1

TS

2

TS

3

TS

4

TS

5

TS

6

TS

7

TS

8

TS

9

TS

10

TS

11

TS

12

Te

nsi

le S

tre

ng

th

Steel Slag% + Coir Fiber%

28 days Tensile Strength

28 days Tensile Strength


Slag


Table 6 % of steel slag and coir fibre

Name Steel Slag% + Coir Fibre%

TS1 7% + 1%

TS2 7% +2%

TS3 7%+ 3%

TS4 14% + 1%

TS5 14% + 2%

TS6 14% + 3%

TS7 21% + 1%

TS8 21% + 2%

TS9 21% + 3%

TS10 28% + 1%

TS11 28% + 2%

TS12 28% + 3%

4. CONCLUSION

1. When coir fibre is added alone maximum compressive strength is obtained 29.7 N/mm2 which

was corresponds to 2% addition of coir fibre.

2. When steel slag is replaced with sand in concrete the maximum value of compressive strength

is obtained at 28% of replacement level which was 33.4 N/mm2.

3. When combination of both steel slag and coir fibre is used maximum value of compressive

strength was obtained at 28% of steel slag and 2% of coir fibre.

4. Workability of concrete was decreasing when the materials used as alone as well as in

combination also.

5. Maximum value of tensile strength when coir fibre is added alone was 6.4 N/mm2 which was

corresponds to 2% of coir fibre.

6. When steel slag is replaced with sand maximum value of tensile strength was at 21% and 28%

of replacement.

7. When combination of both is used then maximum value of compressive strength was 7.7

N/mm2 which was corresponds to 21% of steel slag and 2% of coir fibre.

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THE STUDY OF STRENGTH CHARACTERISTIC OF CONCRETE …€¦These days the concrete is commonly used as a material for construction in the globe with ... coconut fibre and etc. Coir fibre