i

THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE

ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF

MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA

THESIS

Presented to the Department of Education of the State Islamic Studies Palangka Raya in

Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam

By

AYUB

SRN: 0901120434

THE STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA

THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

THE STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

1435 H / 2014 M

brought to you by COREView metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

provided by IAIN Palangkaraya

ii

LEGALIZATION OF THESIS EXAMINING COMMITTEE

This thesis entitles THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND

DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE

STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA in the name of Ayub,

and his Students Registration Number is 090 112 0434. It has been examined in Examining

Team of the State College of Islamic Studies of Palangka Raya on:

Day : Tuesday

Date : Rajab 8, 1435 H/April 8, 2014

Palangka Raya, April 2014

Examining Team:

1. Siminto, M.Hum (……………………………………….)

Chairman/Member

2. Sabarun, M.Pd (.……………………………………....)

Member

3. Dra. Halimah, M.Pd (………………………………….........)

Member

4. Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd (……………………………………….)

Secretary/Member

The State Islamic College of Palangka Raya

Director,

Dr. Ibnu Elmi A.S. Pelu, S.H., M.H

NIP. 197501091999031002

iii

APPROVAL OF THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Title of the thesis :THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND

DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE

EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH

PALANGKA RAYA

Name : Ayub

SRN : 0901120434

Department : Education

Study Program : English Education

Level : (S-1)

Palangka Raya, November 2013

Approved by:

Advisor I, Advisor II,

Dra. Halimah, M.Pd Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd

ORN. 196712261446032003 ORN. 19800823201101005

Vice director in Academic Affairs, The Chair of Education Department,

Drs. Fahmi, M.Pd Triwid S.N., M.Pd

ORN. 196105201999031003 ORN. 197109142003122001

iv

PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI

Judul : THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND

DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE

EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH

PALANGKA RAYA

Nama : Ayub

NIM : 0901120434

Jurusan : Tarbiyah

Program Studi : Bahasa Inggris

Jenjang : (S-1)

Palangka Raya, November 2013

Mengetahui:

Pembimbing I, Pembimbing II,

Dra. Halimah, M.Pd Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd

NIP. 196712261446032003 NIP. 19800823201101005

Wakil Ketua Bidang Akademik Ketua Jurusan Tarbiyah

dan Pengembangan Lembaga

Drs. Fahmi, M.Pd Triwid S.N., M.Pd

NIP. 196105201999031003 NIP. 197109142003122001

v

OFFICIAL NOTE

Case : Please be examined Palangka Raya, November 2013

Ayub’s Thesis

To, Director of the State

College of Islamic Studies of Palangka

Raya

In-

Palangka Raya

Peace be unto you and God’s mercy and blessing as well.

By reading and analyzing of thesis’s revision, we think that thesis in the name of:

Name : Ayub

Student Registration Number : 0901120434

Title of the thesis :THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING

INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES IN

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE

STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH

PALANGKA RAYA

can be examined in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English

Education of the Department of Education STAIN Palangka Raya.

Thank you for your attention.

Peace be with and God’s blessing.

Advisor I, Advisor II,

Dra. Halimah, M.Pd Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd

ORN. 196712261446032003 ORN. 19800823201101005

vi

NOTA DINAS

Hal : Mohon dimunaqasahkan Skripsi Palangka Raya, November 2013

Saudara Ayub

Kepada Yth. Ketua Panitia Ujian Skripsi

STAIN Palangka Raya

di-

Palangka Raya

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

Setelah membaca, memeriksa, dan mengadakan perbaikan seperlunya, maka kami

berpendapat bahwa skripsi saudara:

Nama : Ayub

NIM : 0901120434

Judul Skripsi :THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING

INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES IN

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE

STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH

PALANGKA RAYA

Sudah dapat diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Islam pada Jurusan

Tarbiyah Program Studi Tadris Bahasa Inggris STAIN Palangka Raya.

Demikian atas perhatiannya diucapkan terima kasih.

Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

Pembimbing I, Pembimbing II,

Dra. Halimah, M.Pd Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd

NIP. 196712261446032003 NIP. 19800823201101005

vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. In the name of Allah, the Merciful, Lord of the

universe, praise be to Him. Thanks to Allah the Lord of the world who has given guidance,

till I could finish this thesis entitled: The Students’ Problems in Using Indefinite and Definite

Articles in Descriptive Text from the Eight Grade Students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka

Raya. Shalawat and Salam are always dedicated to the last Prophet Muhammad

Shallallahu’alaihi wa sallam, His Family, Companions, and Followers.

The writer would like to thank for all people who has given supports, advices, and

opportunities during the whole process so writer could finish this thesis. Therefore the writer

would like to say thanks to:

1. Dr. Ibnu Elmi A.S. Pelu, S.H., M.H., as the Director of STAIN Palangka Raya for his

permission and direction of conducting this thesis.

2. Triwid S.N., M.Pd., as the Chair of the Department of Education for her permission so

that the writer can accomplish the requirements for composing this thesis.

3. Santi Erliana, M.Pd., as the Coordinator of the English Education Study Program for

her advice , suggestion, and encouragement in conducting this thesis.

4. Dra. Halimah, M.Pd., as the first Advisor for the guidance, encouragement, and

suggestions during composing this thesis.

5. Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd, as the second Advisor for the guidance, encouragement,

and suggestions during composing this thesis.

6. Warsidi, M.Pd., as the Headmaster of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya for his

permission in conducting study at the school.

7. Muhammad Rezeki, S.PdI., as the teacher of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya for

his permission in conducting study at the school.

viii

The writer realizes that there are no perfect words which can describe his feeling

except the word thank you. May Allah be around us and gives His affection and straight away

whenever we are till the end of the day. Amin.

Palangka Raya, November 2013

Writer,

AYUB

SRN. 090 112 0434

ix

DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICATION

In the name of Allah

I myself make declaration that this thesis entitles THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS

IN USING INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

FROM THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH

PALANGKA RAYA, is truly my own writing. If it is not my own writing so, it is given a

citation and shown in the list of references.

If my own declaration is not right in this thesis one day so, I am ready to be

given academic sanction namely, the cancellation of the degree of this thesis.

Palangka Raya, November 2013

My Own Declaration,

AYUB

SRN. 090 112 0434

x

THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE

ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF

MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA

ABSTRACT

The principle aim of the study is to know the students’ problems in using indefinite

and definite articles in descriptive text from the eighth grade students of MTs Miftahul

Jannah Palangka Raya.

The sample of the study are VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka

Raya. The number of participants are 22 students.

The writer used descriptive design approach. To take the data, the writer used

research instruments. They are: test and questioner. The test are translation, and multiple

choice. The multiple choice test and questioner is used for to investigate the students’ ability

in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text. The data collection used are

editing, coding, scoring, tabulating, collecting students’ test, description of errors,

explanation of errors, and evaluation of errors. The data analysis used are: data reduction,

data display, and conclusion.

The result of study were interferences of L1 (Indonesian) in translation test which can

be summarized as: (1) there were 9 students’ answer sheets were interfered by L1 or

Indonesian in translation test. (2) there were 17 answers of students’ answer sheet in

translation test were interference, the form of interference were phenomena of divergence and

unfair. (3) there were 7 kinds of phrase that written by students. (4) there were 8 (47.06%)

interference containing phenomena of divergence. (5) there was 0 (0%) interference

containing unfair. (6) there were 9 (52.94%) interference containing both phenomena of

divergence and unfair. (7) there were 16 students (72.73%) had ability test in using indefinite

and definite articles in descriptive text, there 6 students (27.27%) had failure in using

indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text.

Keywords: Problem, Use, Indefinite Article, Definite Article, Descriptive Text

xi

PROBLEMATIKA SISWA DALAM MENGGUNAKAN INDEFINITE DAN

DEFINITE ARTICLES DALAM DESCRIPTIVE TEXT DARI SISWA KELAS VIII

MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dasar dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui problematika siswa dalam

menggunakan indefinite dan definite articles dalam descriptive text dari siswa kelas VIII MTs

Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya.

Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIIB MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka

Raya. jumlah partisipannya adalah 22 siswa.

Penulis menggunakan pendekatan disain deskriptif. Untuk mengambil data, penulis

menggunakan alat penelitian. Diantaranya: tes dan kuesioner. Tes tersebut adalah tes

menerjemahkan, dan pilihan ganda. Tes Pilihan ganda dan Kuesioner digunakan untuk

mendukung data. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah editing, koding, penilaian,

tabulasi, kumpulan tes siswa, deskripsi kesalahan, penjelasan kesalahan, dan evaluasi

kesalahan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, tampilan data, dan kesimpulan.

Hasil dari penelitian adalah interferensi B1 (Indonesia) dalam test terjemah yang

dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) ada 9 lembar jawaban siswa terpengaruh oleh bahasa

pertama dalam tes menerjemahkan. (2) ada 17 jawaban dari lembar jawaban siswa

mempunyai gangguan bahasa dalam tes menerjemahkan. (3) ada 7 macam frase yang ditulis

oleh para siswa. (4) ada 8 (47.06%) gangguan bahasa berisi fenomena divergen. (5) ada 0

(0%) gangguan bahasa berisi ketidak adilan. (6) ada 9 (52.94%) gangguan bahasa berisi

fenomena divergen dan ketidak adilan. (7) ada 16 (72.73%) siswa mempunyai kemampuan

pada tes dalam menggunakan indefinite dan definite articles dalam descriptive text, ada 6

(27.27%) gagal pada tes dalam menggunakan indefinite dan definite articles dalam

descriptive text.

Kata Kunci: Problematika, Menggunakan, Kata Sandang Tak Tentu, Kata Sandang Tertentu,

Teks Deskriptif

xii

DEDICATION

Sincerely, this thesis is dedicated to:

My beloved parents and family

who always give me love, pray, and

affection.

My beloved brothers and

sisters who always support me

with their attention.

My friends of TBI STAIN

Palangka Raya who always

motivate me to study.

My 1st and 2nd Advisor who always

advice and support me to finish this

thesis.

May Allah SWT always bless us.

xiii

MOTTO

“You learn something every day if you pay attention”

(Ray Leblond)

xiv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER OF PAGE………………………………………………………………..……… i

LEGALIZATION OF THESIS EXAMINING COMMITTEE………..……………… ii

APPROVAL OF THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE………..……………………… iii

OFFICIAL NOTE................................................................................................................ iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT..................................................................................................... v

DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICATION………………………………………….… vii

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………..………………………… viii

DEDICATION………………………………………………….………………………… x

MOTTO………………………………………………………………………………..….. xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………..……….. xii

LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………….………….. xiv

LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………...……………….. xv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………. xvi

LIST OF APPENDICES……………………………………………...………………….. xvii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study………………………………………. 1

B. Problem of the Study…………………………………………... 4

C. Delimitation of the study………………………………………. 4

D. Assumption of the Study……………………………………….. 5

E. Objective of the Study…………………………………………. 5

F. Significance of the study……………………………………….. 5

G. Operational Delimitation Key Terms…………………………...5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Prior Studies……………………………………………………. 7

B. Second Language Acquisition…………………………………. 9

C. Contrastive Analysis…………………………………………… 10

D. Interference…………………………………………………….. 13

E. Syntactic Categories…………………………………………….15

F. Determiner…………………………………………………...… 17

G. Article in English………………………………………………. 18

H. Article in Indonesian…………………………………………… 27

I. Descriptive Text………………………………………………... 28

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

A. Research Type………………………………………………….. 31

B. Research Design………………………………………………...31

C. Population and Sample………………………………………… 32

1. Population………………………………………………….. 32

2. Sample………………………………………………………33

D. Research Instruments…………………………………………... 34

1. Research Instruments………………………………………. 34

2. Research Instruments Validity……………………………... 38

E. Data Collection………………………………………………… 40

xv

F. Data Analysis…………………………………………………... 41

CHAPTER IV RESULT OF STUDY AND DISCUSSION

A. Result of Study……………………..…………………………... 44

B. Discussion………………………………………………….…... 61

CHAPTER V CLOSING

A. Conclusion……………………………………………………... 63

B. Suggestion……………………………………………………… 63

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

xvi

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Syntactic Categories……………...…………....................................................... 15

Table 3.1 The population of VIII grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya.. 33

Table 3.2 The sample of VIII grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya…… 34

Table 3.3 The valuation of cognitive value………………………………………………... 43

Table 4.1 The description of the students’ interference in using indefinite and definite articles

in descriptive text…………………...………….......................................................

45

Table 4.2 List of XEA’s interference………………………………………………………. 48

Table 4.3 List of WFK’s interference……………………………………………………… 49

Table 4.4 List of RDS’s interference………………………………………………………. 50

Table 4.5 List of DUF’s interference………………………………………………………. 50

Table 4.6 List of CPX’s interference……………………………………………………... 51

Table 4.7 List of NGL’s interference……………………………………………………... 52

Table 4.8 List of ZTS’s interference……………………………………………………… 53

Table 4.9 List of YGT’s interference……………………………………………………... 55

Table 4.10 List of OJK’s interference……………………………………………………… 56

Table 4.11 The description percentage of phrase in using indefinite and definite articles… 57

Table 4.12 The description percentage of using phenomena of divergence and unfair in using

indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text…………………...…………. 57

Table 4.13 The result of students’ test in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive

text……………………………………………………………………….……...59

Table 4.14 The result of questionnaire by students in using indefinite and definite articles in

descriptive text….……………………………………………………….……... 60

xvii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1 The description phenomena of divergence and unfair in using indefinite and

definite articles in descriptive

text………………………………………………….…………………………...58

xviii

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

MTs = Madrasah Tsanawiyah

L1 = First Language

L2 = Second Language

xix

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Test Item

Appendix 2 Answer of Test Item

Appendix 3 Analysis Item

Appendix 4 Interater Item

Appendix 5 Test Item

Appendix 6 Answer of Test Item

Appendix 7 Students Score

Appendix 8 Questionnaire Item

Appendix 9 Codes of students name

Appendix 10 Documentation of Test Activity

xx

REFERENCES

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2006.

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Cengage Learning, 2010.

Brown, H. Douglas, Teaching By Principle An Interactive Approach To Language Pedagogy,

California: Longman, 2000.

Chaer, Abdul, Tata Bahasa Praktis Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2011.

Creswell, John W., Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif , Kuantitatif dan Mixed, Pustaka

Belajar, t.th.

Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Pengembangan Silabus Dan Sistem Penilaian

Berdasarkan Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi, Jakarta: Depdiknas, 2003.

Fauzi, Iwan, A Preliminary Understanding of English Syntax, Palangka Raya: STAIN

Palangka Raya, 2012.

Gass, Susan M., and Larry Selinker, Second Language Acquisition; An Introductory Course,

New York: Taylor & Francis, t.th.

Guntur Tarigan, Henry, and Djago Tarigan, Pengajaran Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa,

Bandung: Angkasa, 2011.

Hariyono, Rudy, and Andrew Mc Carthy, ABC Plus English Grammar Complete Edition,

Surabaya: Gitamedia Press, 2008.

Heaton, J.B., Writing English Language Test, England: Longman, 1974.

Hornby, A.S., Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, New York: Oxford

University Press, 2000.

Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology Methods And Techniques, New Delhi: New Age

International, 2004

xxi

Kuntjojo, Metodologi Penelitian, Kediri: Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, 2009.

Lingga, Hotben D., and Lim Ali Utomo, Intisari Tata Bahasa Inggris Kontemmporer,

Jakarta: Visipro, 2007.

Margono, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2003.

McKay, Sandra Lee, Researching Second Language Classrooms, London: Lawrence

Erlbaum Associates, 2006.

McMillan, James H., Educational Research: Fundamental For The Consumer, United Stated

of America: HarperCollins, 1996.

Miles, Matthew B., and Huberman, A. Michael, Qualitative Data Analysis An Expanded

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Oshima, Alice, and Hogue, Ann, Introduction To Academic Writing, United States of

America: Pearson Longman, 2007.

Riduwan, Metode Dan Teknik Menyusun Tesis, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2010.

Saville, Muriel and Troke, Introducing Second Language Acquisition, New York: Cambridge

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Sudijono, Anas, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada, 2005.

Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed Method), Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011.

………….., Metode Penelitian Pendidikan; Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D,

Bandung: Alfabeta, 2009.

…………..., Statistik Untuk Penelitian, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2004.

Widiastuti, Triana, Contrastive Analysis On English And Indonesian Conditional Sentences,

Palangka Raya: STAIN Palangka Raya (Unpublished), 2011.

Widyamartaya, A, Seni Menerjemahkan, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1989.

Yuliani, Marta, and Yuniarti Dwi Arini, Bahasa Inggris Untuk SMP/MTs Kelas VII, Klaten:

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xxii

INTERNET

1. http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~froberts/polite%20leonard%20roberts%202011.pdf

2. http://www.academia.edu/4020120/Using_Old_English_to_Teach_the_Articles_a_an

d_the_in_the_Classroom

3. http://journals.tc-library.org/index.php/tesol/article/view/265/224

4. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/26562/1/ICAME30-indefinite_article.pdf.

5. http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/ened55601/Readings/Content%20Analysis%20of%2

0Env%20Attitudes%20-%20Bammel%20&%20Bammel.pdf

6. http//www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrastive_analysis

7. https://www.msu.edu/course/lin/434/PSets/syntactic-categories.pdf

8. http://www.ukm.my/ppbl/Gema/page20_30.pdf

xxiii

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. The writer’s identify

1. Name : Ayub

2. Place and Date of Birth : Palangka Raya, February 9th

1990

3. Sex : Male

4. Address : Jl. Sulawesi No. 89 Palangka Raya

5. Educational Background

a) SDN Pahandut 1 Palangka Raya

b) MTs Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya

c) MAN Model Palangka Raya

d) STAIN Palangka Raya

6. Hobby : Studying, Music, Business.

B. The family’s identify

1. Father : Bachran Hasyim

2. Mother : Arbayah

3. Brother : Rahmadi

4. Sisters : Siti Zubaidah

: Zahratunnisa