The Struggle for Justice

Social Responsibility and Progressivism, 1900-1920

The Progressive MovementThe Need for ReformReformer’s AssumptionsGoals of the Progressives

Social Reform Reforming Government Reforming Business

The Search for the Good SocietyPoverty ExposedWomen’s ActivismSocial Welfare “Muckraker” journalismConsumer ProtectionismThe Curse of Demon RumWoman Suffrage

Reforming Government

Local Level Reform Fighting “Machine Politics” Galveston and City Manager Government

State Level Reform Ballot initiatives, referenda, recall, primaries, progressive

income taxes Restrictive measures

Federal Level Reform 16th Amendment (1913)

17th Amendment (1913)

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

Reforming Business

Consumer Protection Laws Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Meat Inspection Act (1906 )

“Trust-busting” Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) Teddy Roosevelt’s campaign against monopoly

Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives (1890)

Bandit’s Roost

5 cents a spot

Italian Mother and Her Baby

Galveston Hurricane, 1901

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)

Amendment 17The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures.

Amendment 16The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.