The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

The Structure of Hawaiian

David J. Medeiros

Cal State University, Northridgedavid.medeiros@csun.edu

July 7, 2017LSA Summer Institute

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Outline

1 Brief Welcome

2 Loanwords

3 Introductions

4 Hawaiian

5 Greatest Hits

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Outline

1 Brief Welcome

2 Loanwords

3 Introductions

4 Hawaiian

5 Greatest Hits

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Brief Introductions

• Let’s get some names (and only names)

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Outline

1 Brief Welcome

2 Loanwords

3 Introductions

4 Hawaiian

5 Greatest Hits

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Loanwords

• Loanwords: A window into phonological properties

• First, for fun, guess the English loan words

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Examples

• Pika →

• pia →

• waina →

• hipa →

• Nolewai →

• kikiki →

• kaimana →

• kopa →

• pika →

• Keoki →

• himeni →

• Pinilana →

• papekiko →

• kole →

• Malaki →

• kula →

• Kolopi →

• kelipe →

• apeline →

• pike →

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Loanwords

• Loanwords: A window into phonological properties

• Now for the big reveal

• Second, discus the changes that have taken place• What systematic changes do you see?

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Examples

• Pika → Peter

• pia → beer

• waina → wine

• hipa → sheep

• Nolewai → Norway

• kikiki → ticket

• kaimana → diamond

• kopa → soap

• pika → pitcher

• Keoki → George

• himeni → hymn

• Pinilana → Finland

• papekiko → baptize

• kole → story

• Malaki → March

• kula → school

• Kolopi → Colby

• kelipe → grip

• apeline → aspirin

• pike → beast

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Outline

1 Brief Welcome

2 Loanwords

3 Introductions

4 Hawaiian

5 Greatest Hits

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Real Introductions

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Real Introductions

Introduce yourself!

• name

• institution

• areas of interest

• why this class

• something interesting about yourself

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Some Admin

• grading preferences

• adds to the canvas site

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Structure of the Class

• Learning properties of language without:• being a native speaker• in-depth study/fluency

• Assignments from you as class content

• Working with:• old grammars• lexicons• theoretical papers• (possibly) some recordings

• Why? A potentially useful skill, and interesting in its ownright

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Outline

1 Brief Welcome

2 Loanwords

3 Introductions

4 Hawaiian

5 Greatest Hits

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Language Background

• Eastern Polynesian (closely related to Marquesan, Maori,Tahitian)

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Language Background

• Speaker situation is complicated:• a somewhat stable speaker community on Ni’ihau and

Kekaha, Kaua’i• a difficult revitalization effort elsewhere

• We’ll focus on the language as documented (primarily) bySamuel Elbert & Mary Pukui

• This is sometimes called the ‘classical’ or ‘college’ dialect

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Resources

• Let’s check out some resources on canvas

• I also have some recordings (we’ll check these out soon)

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Outline

1 Brief Welcome

2 Loanwords

3 Introductions

4 Hawaiian

5 Greatest Hits

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Prior Knowledge

• Prior knowledge

• Assumptions, guesses, things you’ve heard

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Sounds

• Recording:• What consonants do you hear?• Anything else of interest?

• Any surprises?

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Some Morphology

1 ninaninau – ‘to interrogate’

2 nihoniho – ‘serrated’ (as in a knife)

3 ho’omakau’u – ‘to frighten’

4 ho’okoa‘e – ‘to act like a tropicbird’

5 ho’ai – ‘to feed’

6 ho’ola – ’to save’

7 ho’ike – ‘to show’

8 koa‘e – ‘tropicbird’

9 niho – ‘tooth’

10 ike – ‘to see’

11 ninau – ‘to ask’

• What patterns doyou see?

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Syntax

(1) (tense) V S [(tense) V S O]

Uapast

no’ono’othink

’osubj

KekoaKekoa

[ke[pres

’aieat

neidir/asp

’osubj

NoelaniNoelani

iobj

kathe

poi.]poi.]

Kekoa thought [that Noelani is eating poi.]

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

Syntax

(2) (tense) V S [(tense) V S O]

Uapast

no’ono’othink

’osubj

KekoaKekoa

[ke[pres

’aieat

neidir/asp

’osubj

NoelaniNoelani

iobj

kathe

poi.]poi.]

Kekoa thought [that Noelani is eating poi.]

• Word order is generally VSO

• Case marking is nominative/accusative

• Tense and aspect are indicated by pre- and post-verbal particles

• Audio for example (1)

The Structureof Hawaiian

David J.Medeiros

Brief Welcome

Loanwords

Introductions

Hawaiian

Greatest Hits

For Next Class

• In canvas site folder Files → ‘Descriptive and Other Lit’:• Read Warner 2001• Listen to PRI story on Ni’ihau

• Poke around the Elbert & Pukui grammar

• We’ll begin more intensive grammatical analysis next week