http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwi_qICGj9fOAhVGChoKHVHQAcwQjRwIBw&url=http://www.gridgit.com/post_blank-bone-diagrams_34545/&bvm=bv.129759880,d.ZGg&psig=AFQjCNHKLSuhP3PToX6lkd29bgQTwtytCg&ust=1472027258086427

Cranium

Ulna Femur

Vertebrae

Radius

Patella Ribs

Carpals

Tibia

Sternum

Metacarpals

Fibula

ClaviclePhalanges

TarsalsScapula

Pelvis (Ilium) Metatarsals

Humerus

Phalanges

Extension Question: Can you provide a practical example as to how at least 2 of these functions are used in sports?

Shape and SupportTo give shape and support-therefore giving the body posture.

MovementTo allow movement of the body by providing areas or sites for muscle attachment. This also provides for a system of levers that helps us move.

ProtectionTo give protection to the internal organs such as the heart, lungs, spinal cord and the brain.

E.g. Cranium protects the brainRibs protects the heart and lungs

Blood Cell ProductionTo produce blood-red an white blood cells

Storing MineralsTo store minerals such as the following:•Phosphorus•Calcium•Potassium•Iron

Iron=Helps the transport of oxygen to working musclesCalcium=Needed to build and repair bones

Key Word Alert!

Synovial Joint-Is a freely moveable joint allowing for a wide range of movement

Types of Synovial Joints:

The Hip Joint

The Shoulder Joint

The Knee Joint

The Elbow Joint

Flexion – a decrease in the angle around a joint

Extension – a increase in the angle around a joint

Adduction – is the movement towards the midline of the body

Key reminder: Adding to the body

Abduction – is the movement of the body away from the midline of the body

Definition:

The circular movement of a joint. It is a movement pattern that combines flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and rotation.

Rotation – is when the bone turns about its longitudinal axis within the joint (Movement that is around).

You will be asked about the hinge joint (Knee and elbow) and also the ball and socket joint (Shoulder and hip). You will need to be able to give examples of each and describe movements associated with the use of each of these two joints.

Hinge Joint:• Knee joint and Elbow

joint• Flexion and Extension

only• Example for the

knee=Kick in football• Example for the

elbow=Bicep Curl

Ball and Socket Joint:• Shoulder joint and hip

joint• Flexion, extension,

rotation, adduction, abduction and circumduction

• Example for the shoulder=Bowling in Cricket (Circumduction)

• Example for the hip= Sit Up (Flexion and extension)

There are three other main components of joints:

Ligaments

Cartilage

Tendons

In the same way joints link various bones in our body these tissue based components help by absorbing shock and reducing friction.

Ligaments=Attach bone to bone.

Function:

Help Join bones together

Keep joints stable during movement

Prevent extreme movement

Help stop dislocation

Tendons= Attach muscle to bone-They are strong and a little flexible

Function:

Help transmit the power needed to move bones

E.g. When a muscle shortens it pulls on the tendons; this pulls on the bone to which the tendons are attached and causes movement.

Cartilage=A soft connective tissue

Function:

To reduce friction

Act as a shock absorber