The Strategic Action Programmefor

The Sustainable Management ofLake Tanganyika

By Nick HODGSONFacilitator, SAP

Project Objectives

• Ultimate Objective– “…control pollution and to prevent the loss of the

exceptional diversity of Lake Tanganyika’s International Waters.”

• Immediate Objective 1– “…establish a regional long-term management plan for

pollution control, conservation and maintenance of biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika.”

The Strategic Action ProgrammeThe SAP

• The Concept– What is a SAP

• The Consultation– How the SAP was developed

• The Conclusions– What are the priority actions addressed in the SAP

The Concept

From a Management Plan toa Strategic Action Programme

• Management of the lake is a continuing activity. Research, monitoring and evaluation are continuing activities supporting management.

• Management Plans need to be revised in response to changes in threats and opportunities, and information.

• The Strategic Action Programme defines an agreed framework within which management programmes are developed and revised, and the steps needed to achieve this framework.

Strategic Action Programmes Evolve

Management of the Lake Resources......

DraftSAP

AgreedSAP

RevisedSAP

RevisedSAP

PrioritisedManagementInterventions

Funded+

Monitoring &Evaluation

+Further Research

RevisedManagementInterventions

Funded+

Monitoring &Evaluation

+Further Research

The GEF ApproachThe Corner Stones of the SAP

Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis carried out by participating countries, identifying priority concerns threatening shared lake resources.

Strategic Action Programme prepared by participating countries, committing them to the prioritised programme of actions

Regional Convention, signed by participating countries, formalising national obligations to support the SAP

The Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

“The centerpiece of the GEF strategy... is the concept of “strategic joint fact finding” as a means of arriving at a consensus on what actions are needed to address threats... collaborating states establish technical teams that work to establish a common baseline of facts and analysis of the problem in the form of a transboundary diagnostic analysis (TDA), which is then used to set (national) priorities for actions to address threats to international waters in the form of the SAP.”

Study of GEF’s Overall Performance ; GEF 1998

Strategic Action Programme

The SAP should establish clear priorities that are endorsed at the highest levels of government and widely disseminated. Priority transboundary concerns should be identified, as well as sectoral interventions (policy changes, program development, regulatory reform, capacity-building investments, and so on) needed to resolve the transboundary problems as well as regional and national institutional mechanisms for implementing elements of the SAP.”

Operational Strategy of the GEF; GEF 1996

Strategic Action Programme

“... a balanced programme of preventive and remedial actions, support both investment and capacity-building, and identify key activities in the following areas:

–Priority preventive and remedial actions–Cross-cutting issues and linkages to other focal areas–Institutional strengthening and capacity-building needs–Stakeholder involvement and public awareness activities–Program monitoring and evaluation–Institutional mechanisms for implementation.”

How the SAP Helps Management

• A regional programme establishing:– agreed principles and objectives for managing the

shared resource of the Lake;– an initial prioritisation of management interventions

and institutional development.

• A tool to:– direct national investments towards priorities; – “leverage” finance from donor agencies for

National and Regional Programmes.

The Consultation Process

Initiating the Process of Consultation

• January 1996, Baseline Reviews summarised available information

• March 1996, Inception Workshop identified priority concerns and proposes research priorities

• January 1998, Steering Committee endorsed a process of consultation for the SAP and the Convention– led at national level by National Working Groups– led at regional level by the Technical Advisory

Committee (TAC) SAP Planning Group.

Seven Steps in Developing the SAP

National Consultation Workshops - March to November 1998

Preliminary TDA Workshop - November 1998

SCM Endorses Preliminary TDA - May 1999

Draft SAP Workshop - January 2000

Final TDA Workshop - March 2000

Final SAP Workshop - May 2000

SCM adopt the Final SAP - July 2000

Linking the SAP and the Convention

SAP1 National Consultation2 Regional Problem

Analysis and Prioritisation

3 Draft SAP incorporating concepts from Draft Convention

4 SAP Signed

Convention1 National Consultation2 Draft Convention

presented to Regional Meetings

3 Convention incorporates concepts from signed SAP

4 SC Endorses Convention5 Diplomatic Negotiation

A E Mayawalla Tanzania; A Kabeleka Zambia; A Lugome Tanzania; A Madete Tanzania; A Mphande Zambia; A Muvwende Zambia; Agapit Kabwa Burundi; AJ Mkama Tanzania; Andrew Menz PCU; Antoine Kiyuku Burundi; B Lukama Zambia; B N Marwa Tanzania; Baluku Bajope DR Congo; Benoit Bihamiriza Burundi; Benoit Nzigidahera Burundi; Bitijula DR Congo; Boniface Nyakageni Burundi; Bungisabo DR Congo; C Akashambatwa Zambia; C Kabumbu Zambia; C Kangero Tanzania; C Makundi Tanzania; C Mung’ong’o Tanzania; C Phiri Zambia; C Rumisha Tanzania; C Swai Tanzania; Catherine Msigwa Tanzania; Cécile Gakima Burundi; Célestin Burundi; D B R Chitamwebwa Tanzania; D Mhalu Tanzania; Damien Nindorera Burundi; Denis Barandemaje Burundi; Didace Nimpagaritse Burundi; E Bwalya Zambia; E Lenganasa Tanzania; E Makwaia Tanzania; Eddie Allison Biodiversity SS; Elongo Buedi DR Congo; Elysée Ntiranyibagira Burundi; F Mukome Tanzania; F Nyirenda Zambia; F Stolla Tanzania; Faustin Masanja Tanzania; Francis Chale Tanzania; François Nkurunziza Burundi; G Chikwama Zambia; G Chilukusha Zambia; G Makinda Tanzania; G Mpango Tanzania; G Mudenda Zambia; G Muwowo Zambia; G Strunden Tanzania; Gabriel Hakizimana Burundi; Gaspard Niragira Burundi; Gaspard Ntakimazi Burundi; Gayo DR Congo; George Hanek FAO; George M Chitalu Zambia; Georgina Zulu Zambia; Gerard Cougny GEF; Gérard Ntungumburanye Burundi; Golama DR Congo; Gombo Eunda Matunga DR Congo; Graeme Patterson Sediment and Pollution SS; H M Mohamed Tanzania; H Mollel Tanzania; H N Kachechele Tanzania; Henry Sichingabula Zambia; Hidaya M M Faraji Tanzania; Hudson Nkotagu Tanzania; I Aboud Tanzania; Ignace Bandandaza Burundi; J Mwilwa Zambia; J Phiri Zambia; J Shilungushela Tanzania; J Uronu Tanzania; James Phiri Zambia; JB M S Gilbert Tanzania; Jean Berchmans Manirakiza Burundi; Jean Paul Ledant NRI; Jean-Marie Bukuru Burundi; Jerome Dukuduku Tanzania; Jerome Karimumuryango Burundi; John Dorr Fishing Practices, SS; K Mazingaliwa Zambia; K Mungule Zambia; K Siame Zambia; Kalambayi DR Congo; Karen Zwick SS Facilitators; Kayega Tanzania; Kelly West PCU; Kihurnwa Tanzania; Kinezero, Mathias Burundi; Kinomvyi, Antoine Burundi; Kirit Vaitha Tanzania; Kitungano DR Congo; Kumbu di Mbemba DR Congo; L Mawele Zambia; L Nzali Tanzania; L Rwebembera Tanzania; Leonard Mwape Zambia; Lukonge Tanzania; M M Shirima Tanzania; M Mbijima Tanzania; M Musaba Zambia; M Nagahusedi DR Congo; M Nsomi Zambia; M Pearce PCU; M Phiri Zambia; M T Looboki Tanzania; Mady Amule DR Congo; Mandgi DR Congo; Marcelin Burundi; ME Bashige DR Congo; ME Mbombo DR Congo; Mino-Kahozi Kalibu DR Congo; Misana Tanzania; Mohamed Bahari Tanzania; Msemi Tanzania; Mudherwa Nshombo CRH-Uvira; Mulimbwa CRH-Uvira; Mulimbwa Nsibula DR Congo; Mwenyi Kaningingi DR Congo; Nakizimana, Gabriel Burundi; Ndimbo Tanzania; Ndizeye, Pascal Burundi; Nicholas Hodgson NRIe; Niels Henrik Ipsen GEF; Nshombo Mudherwa DR Congo; O Kalumiana Zambia; O Lungu Zambia; Olivier Drieu SS Facilitator; P Banda Zambia; P Chipungu Zambia; P Chisara Tanzania; P Kimena Zambia; P Nnyiti Tanzania; Palata Kabudi DR Congo; Pierre Bakevya Burundi; R Chiti Zambia; R Sinyinza Zambia; Rawson Yonazi Tanzania; Richard Paley SS Facilitators; Robert Lindley SS Facilitators; Roger Kanyaru Burundi; S Capper Tanzania; S Chisamga Zambia; S Kisinto Tanzania; S Mayeye Tanzania; S Nkondokaya Tanzania; S Siachoono Zambia; Salvator Ruzima Burundi; Shadreck Nsongela Zambia; Stanislas Nzabimana Burundi; Swedi DR Congo; T Killenga Tanzania; T Mwaijande Tanzania; Takoy Lomema DR Congo; Tharcisse Songore Burundi; Tindyembwa Tanzania; V Lyimo Tanzania; V Macha Tanzania; W Daniel Tanzania; W Malambo Zambia; W N Sarunday Tanzania; W Y Haule Tanzania; Z Kittina Tanzania; Z Mshanga Tanzania;

Consultation

• Special studies implemented with 125 scientists from the four countries

• National TDA/SAP consultations involving 80 institutions and 160 individuals

• Regional TAC/SAP planning team involving 18 institutions and 30 individuals

• 16 National Meetings and 16 National Workshops• 4 Regional Workshops and 3 SCM Discussions

National Consultation ReportsCompleted October 1998

Preliminary TDA Endorsed May 1999

Preliminary SAP Completed February 2000

Final Draft TDACompleted May 2000

Final Draft SAPPresented May 2000

The ConclusionsA Programme of Priority Actions

The TDA Reviewed National and Regional Concerns

• National Workshops identified national concerns and proposed national actions to counteract threats or maximise opportunities

• Regional Workshops - the TAC SAP Planning Team of planners and scientists - reviewed national concerns and regional concerns within a regional perspective

• Based on best available scientific and management knowledge - with specific support from the special studies

The TDA provided a General Framework for Action

Main Threat toBiodiversity andSustainable Use

Cross-CuttingTransboundaryImplications

Cross-CuttingInstitutionalProblems

General ActionAreas

UnsustainableFisheries

IncreasingPollution

ExcessiveSedimentation

HabitatDestruction

Global Loss ofBiodiversity

Loss of SharedFisheries Resource

Decline in WaterQuality

Lack of Resources

Poor Enforcement ofExisting Regulations

Lack of AppropriateRegulations for LakeTanganyika

Lack of InstitutionalCoordination

Reduce Impact ofFishing

Control Pollution

ControlSedimentation

HabitatConservation

The TDA Defined a Three Level Analytical Framework

Main Threats toBiodiversity andSustainable Use

TransboundaryImplications

Main InstitutionalCauses

General ActionAreas

Programme ofActions

Time Frame Key AgencyAvailability ofResources

Specific Problems Stakeholders UncertaintiesProgramme of

Actions

General Action Area

The TDA Listed and Prioritised Specific Groups of Actions

• Prioritised on a combination of three criteria:– The severity of the problem threatening

biodiversity– The feasibility of a management solution– The benefits to sustainable development

• Gave a high, medium or low priority rating

The TDA Proposed Priority National Actions within a Regional Priority Framework

• For the high priority regional specific actions identified relevant national concerns

• Prepared a detailed matrix which:– Identified stakeholders, uncertainties and detailed

breakdown of proposed actions– Reviewed possible timing of actions, key agency

responsibility and availability of resources

The SAP Defines an Interim Lake Tanganyika Management Body

• With immediate responsibilities:– To promote the signing of convention and the

establishment of functioning management bodies required in the convention

– To develop detailed budgeted proposals and source funding for priority regional actions within the SAP

– To coordinate and support national development of priority budgeted proposals and facilitate funding

– To maintain an information resource

The SAP Defines an Agreed Programme of Priority Actions Based on the TDA

• Identifying cross-cutting themes from within the proposed actions– Information management; socio-economic development;

institutional reform and capacity building; environmental education; baseline monitoring

• Defining national priority actions within the regional framework– Development of a sustainable fisheries; pollution control;

sediment management; habitat conservation

With Actions Addressing the Development of a Sustainable Fisheries

• Excessive fishing effort in the littoral zone– Excessive fishing pressure; lack of quota on licenses; co-

management of fisheries • Excessive fishing effort in the pelagic zone

– Linking to the LTR proposals “Regional Framework Planning for lake Tanganyika Fisheries Management”; including artisanal and industrial fishing

• Excessive or uncontrolled extraction of ornamental fish– Excessive extraction of targeted species

With Actions Addressing Pollution Control

• Urban and Industrial pollution– domestic effluents; untreated sewage; waste from institutions; solid

waste treatment; factories; power stations; tanneries• Harbour Pollution

– spillage of oil and other cargoes; waste from boats; storage• Future mining and oil exploration

– toxic wastes; EIA procedures• Marine accidents

– risk assessment and contingency planning

With Actions Addressing Sediment Management

• Promotion of sustainable agriculture– focused on critical lakeshore and medium scale

catchments; erosion control; extensive agriculture; stream bank cultivation

• Deforestation– gazetted protection forests; fuelwood and charcoal;

replanting and rehabilitation of critical areas; community forest management

With Actions Addressing Habitat Conservation

• Support of parks management– existing parks areas cover much of the widespread

species diversity; pressure on parks resources from adjacent communities; definition of aquatic boundaries

• Protection of key habitats– degradation of sensitive coastal areas; protection of

spawning and nursery grounds; wetlands areas

The Next Steps

• Identification of support mechanisms for an interim period to:

– Promote the finalisation and subsequent signing of the Convention

– Finalise regional and national detailed, budgeted project proposals for the priority actions identified in the SAP

– Negotiate country commitment and incremental support to implement priority regional and national actions