The Steadily Growing Database Market Isdocs.media.bitpipe.com/io_11x/io_115609/item_926011...the steadily Growing Database market is increasing enterprises’ choices 6 2013, Forrester

Forrester Research, Inc., 60 Acorn Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA

Tel: +1 617.613.6000 | Fax: +1 617.613.5000 | www.forrester.com

The Steadily Growing Database Market Is Increasing Enterprises’ Choicesby Noel Yuhanna, June 7, 2013

For: Application Development & Delivery Professionals

Key TaKeaways

Information Management Challenges Create New Database Market OpportunitiesData volume, data velocity, mobility, cloud, globalization, and increased compliance requirements demand new features, functionality, and innovation. A recent Forrester survey found that performance, integration, security, unpredictable workloads, and high availability are companies’ top data management challenges.

Look Beyond Traditional Database solutions and architecturesThe database market is transforming. Relational DBs are OK for established OLTP and decision support apps, but new business requirements, dynamic workloads, globalization, and cost-cutting mean that firms need a new database strategy. Devs facing issues with existing DB implementations or designing new web-scale apps should look beyond relational.

Invest In New Database Technologies To succeedBusiness data comprises an increasing share of the value of your systems. Past investments in relational DBs are a solid basis, but you need more to stay competitive amid the many innovative new ways to use information. Next-gen DB strategies require you to invest anew so you can deliver the speed, agility, and insights critical to business growth.

www.forrester.com

© 2013, Forrester Research, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is strictly prohibited. Information is based on best available resources. Opinions reflect judgment at the time and are subject to change. Forrester®, Technographics®, Forrester Wave, RoleView, TechRadar, and Total Economic Impact are trademarks of Forrester Research, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective companies. To purchase reprints of this document, please email [email protected]. For additional information, go to www.forrester.com.

For ApplicAtion Development & Delivery proFessionAls

why ReaD ThIs RepORT

Business demand for more applications, larger databases, and new analytics initiatives is driving innovation and growth in the database market, with new options for cloud, in-memory, mobility, predictive analytics, and real-time data management. Application development and delivery (AD&D) professionals have more database choices than ever, from relational to NoSQL and other specialized databases, enabling ever more sophisticated applications. Business requirements for more speed, agility, and business insight are driving AD&D pros to innovate with new database technology. Although IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and Teradata control about 80% of the market, other large vendors and startups, including 10gen, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Basho Technologies, Couchbase, Clustrix, DataStax, EnterpriseDB, MarkLogic, MemSQL, Neo Technology, salesforce.com, SAP, and VoltDB, are threatening established database providers by offering new approaches and innovative solutions. This market overview enumerates and analyzes these database choices to inform your database technology strategy.

table of contents

Database Demand Is Growing To support New Business Requirements

The Database Market Is expanding Beyond RDBMs and Dw

Vendor Landscape: Database Management systems

recommenDAtions

Invest In New Database Technologies To succeed

WHAt it meAns

Look Beyond Traditional Database solutions and architectures

notes & resources

Forrester based this research on dozens of interviews with end user firms, technology vendors, and third-party research from academic journals and other published works. Forrester also fielded hundreds of inquiries on data management topics from clients.

related research Documents

the Forrester Wave™: enterprise cloud Databases, Q4 2012november 8, 2012

craft your Future state Bi reference Architecturenovember 1, 2012

the Forrester Wave™: enterprise Data Warehousing, Q1 2011February 10, 2011

The steadily Growing Database Market Is Increasing enterprises’ ChoicesAn overview of the enterprise Database management system market in 2013by noel yuhannawith mike Gilpin and vivian Brown

2

4

19

20

12

June 7, 2013

www.forrester.com

http://www.forrester.com/go?objectid=RES70541






http://www.forrester.com/go?objectid=BIO852

http://www.forrester.com/go?objectid=BIO1730


the steadily Growing Database market is increasing enterprises’ choices 2

© 2013, Forrester Research, Inc. Reproduction Prohibited June 7, 2013

DaTaBase DeMaND Is GROwING TO sUppORT New BUsINess ReQUIReMeNTs

Every company depends on data to support virtually every function of its business, including marketing, sales, product design and development, customer experience, and finance. Databases play a critical role in storing, processing, and accessing such data to support business applications and users. Thanks to the Internet, packaged applications, mobile platforms, public and cloud applications, and sensor data, there’s more data now than ever, and some of it gets stored in databases. In addition, new business applications are demanding faster access to information, better support for unstructured or semistructured data, and access to real-time data. Databases remain central to these trends. Newly emerging data management requirements demand more flexible data models, more scalable architectures, and faster time-to-value.

Information Management Challenges are Creating New Market Opportunities

Explosive growth in the volume and velocity of data — coupled with globalization, mobility, cloud, and increased compliance requirements — are bringing new information management challenges to the enterprise. Many of these challenges are new and require innovative approaches and solutions. Forrester recently fielded its February 2013 Global Database Management Online Survey across a range of industries to investigate database usage and challenges; we found that the top data management challenges are:

■ Delivering improved performance. Enterprises have always struggled with the performance of critical applications, an issue exacerbated by growing data volumes and velocities; as a result, performance continues to top the list of challenges (see Figure 1). Database performance issues often reflect I/O bottlenecks due to inadequate storage; poor tuning for database lock contention, buffer management, and indices; a lack of technical skills; and poorly written data access code in applications. In addition, tuning and optimization often takes nearly twice the effort for a large multiterabyte database compared with a smaller database.

■ Integrating diverse and complex data. New data sources, such as social media, market or sensor feeds, and the cloud, combine with support for real-time data and increasing data volumes and velocities to make data integration a lot more difficult. As a result, 75% of organizations reported struggling with data integration. Traditional data management approaches focus on the data that a firm stores in customer resource management (CRM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, data marts and data warehouses (DWs), and other supporting applications, most of which are on-premises. However, today’s applications deal with all kinds of structured, unstructured, and semistructured data stored across many locations, presenting new integration challenges that often require capabilities outside of the sweet spot where relational databases typically excel.

■ Securing private data. Securing databases remains a key issue for most organizations, including Global 1000 companies. Although leading database solutions have improved their support for granular database auditing, access monitoring, and encryption, they still lag




behind when it comes to securing thousands of heterogeneous databases using common policies and controls. In addition, databases themselves aren’t intelligent enough to differentiate between sensitive and nonsensitive data, requiring firms to expend additional effort on discovery, classification, and enforcement.

■ Delivering high availability. The service-level requirements of critical applications continue to grow, especially from the increasing use of web and mobile applications that must be available 24x7. Although database management system (DBMS) vendors have made improvements that minimize downtime for data model changes, database upgrades, and patch deployments, most still fall short of completely automated, zero-downtime database maintenance. Forrester customers in the past year have indicated that most firms average about 99.5% availability for critical applications, representing 4 hours of planned and unplanned outages per month.

■ Coping with high data volume growth. On average, the amount of data that mission-critical applications handle doubles every 18 months; for some firms in the retail, financial services, manufacturing, and telecom sectors, data volumes can quadruple over the same period.1 Mergers and acquisitions are driving increased requirements for data consolidation and integration, pushing databases to support even more data. Despite the maturity of database technology, handling tens or hundreds of terabytes of data in very large databases remains challenging, especially where subsecond responses are critical.

■ Handling increasingly unpredictable workloads. Firms deploying web and mobile applications often find it difficult to predict the workloads those apps will handle — especially those that go viral in the space of days or weeks. Overprovisioning capacity wastes resources, but underprovisioning causes performance issues that lead to unhappy customers — so balancing resources is critical. In addition, seasonal workloads and new product launches can have a tremendous impact on applications that demand dynamic allocation of system resources. Enterprises want the ability to scale applications without unduly burdening IT resources.




Figure 1 Performance, Integration, And Resources Are Top Database Challenges

Source: Forrester Research, Inc.94781

Delivering improved performance

Integrating data

Lack of people resources

Securing private data

Delivering higher availability

High data volume growth

Upgrading databases

Too many databases

Migrating databases

Lack of a database budget

Lack of system resources

Very large databases

Too many security patches to deploy

“How challenging are the following database management issues to your organization?”(Respondents indicating that an issue is “extremely challenging” or “somewhat challenging”)

Source: February 2013 Global Database Management Online Survey

Base: 104 database management professionals(multiple responses accepted)

80%

75%

71%

71%

69%

69%

67%

63%

63%

61%

57%

55%

52%

The DaTaBase MaRKeT Is eXpaNDING BeyOND RDBMs aND Dw

Forrester estimates that the current database market — including new database licenses, technical support, services, and consulting — is worth about $30 billion today and is likely to grow to $35 billion by 2017. The market has expanded into four main categories based on function: relational databases, NoSQL, enterprise data warehouses (EDWs), and specialized databases including cloud, mobile, and in-memory (see Figure 2). Forrester estimates that the NoSQL market — including database licenses, support, and consulting services — totals about $200 million today and is likely to grow to $1 billion by 2017. The relational database management system (RDBMS) and DW market segments, while mature, are still growing at a healthy pace of about 10% annually.




Figure 2 Database Categorization Based On Function


Mobile database

Enterprise data warehouse

Column-store EDW

NoSQL (nonrelational)Databaseappliances

Objectdatabase

Documentdatabase

Graphdatabase

Key-value

Relational OLTP

Relational

Clouddatabase

Scale-outrelational

Traditional data sources New data sources

Legacy appsPublic data Sensors Marketplace

Social media GeolocationERPCRM

MPP EDWTraditional EDW

In-memory database

New architectures/technologies to invest in

Relational Databases are Improving performance By embracing scale-Out architecture

Relational databases primarily serve transactional applications that require databases to support high concurrency, performance, and scale, such as ERP, CRM, supply chain management, call center, and order entry. Products in this category deal with real-time data; are optimized to support the mix of insertions, deletions, and updates typical of high-volume transaction-processing applications; and support hundreds or thousands of concurrent users. Traditionally, this category was served primarily by RDBMS vendors such as Actian, IBM, Microsoft, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, and SAP. However, new alternatives are emerging with NoSQL databases, in-memory databases, cloud databases, scale-out relational databases, and transactional database appliances that deliver higher scale, performance, and automation to support new workloads and business applications.

For decades, relational databases have struggled to support shared-nothing read/write scale-out architecture. New approaches have now emerged that allow sharding of data into multiple databases to deliver scale-out capabilities, with each shard stored on a separate physical server. Sharding was




traditionally done largely by writing application code, but recent advancements in database technology have automated the sharding, resharding, and load-balancing functions. Database solutions that use relational database technology to deliver scale-out architecture include Clustrix, MemSQL, ScaleArc, ScaleBase, ScaleDB, StormDB, TransLattice, VMware vFabric SQLFire, and VoltDB.

eDws are Gearing Up To support Larger Dws’ Focus On appliances

EDWs store data that is primarily used for business intelligence (BI), analytics, and other reporting requirements. Firms typically move data from online transaction processing (OLTP) databases into the DW on a regular basis using extract, transfer, and load (ETL) and other data movement technologies. DWs form the back-end infrastructure for a wide range of user-facing technologies that give insight to and trigger action for customers, products, and employees. Most firms have DWs and are often enhancing their capabilities and/or expanding their capacity (see Figure 3). Oracle, Microsoft, IBM, and Teradata currently dominate the DW space (see Figure 4). DW vendors compete in one or more of four categories:

■ Specialized DW software. Vendors such as EMC Greenplum, SAP, and Teradata have created specialized DW software.

■ DBMS product extensions. Traditional OLTP DBMS vendors such as Actian, IBM, Microsoft, and Oracle have extended their products to support DW requirements.

■ DW appliances. Vendors such as EMC Greenplum, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP Sybase, and Teradata offer DW appliances that optimize software and hardware for maximum performance, integration, and automation.

■ DW-as-a-service (DWaaS). Vendors such as 1010data, AWS, BitYota, and Treasure Data offer a hosted DW. This new subcategory provides a low-cost alternative to an on-premises EDW solution by automating provisioning, configuration, security, tuning, optimization, scalability, availability, and backup. Most large DW vendors offer scalable platforms that use solid-state drives (SSDs) and in-memory technologies to process large amounts of data quickly and use data compression to reduce storage space requirements.2

Database and EDW vendors now offer enterprise-grade appliances for many usage scenarios formerly served by traditional software-based stacks. Database appliances optimize software and hardware to deliver the best possible performance, allowing administrators to focus on business requirements, not technology issues. Today, 23% of enterprises use a database appliance; this is likely to double over the next three years. Database appliances offer improved performance, scale, and manageability combined with lower cost through consolidation, deferred hardware upgrades, and automation. Leading DW appliance vendors include EMC, HP, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, and Teradata. Some vendors, including IBM and Oracle, have taken a page from the database appliance book and begun




to offer purpose-built appliances optimized for specific applications and workloads. These transactional appliances combine database, storage, interconnectivity, and software components that are prepackaged and preconfigured to support extreme transaction processing with a very attractive price-to-performance ratio. In addition, they deliver high degree of automation and integration and a fast time-to-value to jump-start new projects and initiatives quickly.

Figure 3 Cloud Database, Mobile Database, Hadoop, And NoSQL Adoption Will Grow Significantly


“Which database management technologies have you deployed or are you planning to deploy?”

Base: 104 database management professionals(percentages may not total 100 because of rounding)


Public cloud databases

Mobile databases

Hadoop

NoSQL databases

In-memory databases

Database virtualization (private cloud)

Test data management tools

Database appliances

Database security tools

Database performance and tuning tools

Open source databases

Data replication tools

Data integration tools

Data warehouse

No plans todeploy

Currentlydeployed

Planning to deploy inless than three years

74% 16% 10%

63% 16% 21%

61% 21% 18%

39% 15% 45%

38% 28% 34%

37% 39% 24%

35% 39% 26%

27% 32% 41%

23% 23% 54%

20% 33% 47%

63% 25% 13%

20% 26% 54%

25%14% 61%

19%12% 69%




Figure 4 Oracle, Microsoft, And IBM Dominate The Data Warehouse Category


“Which data warehouse products are you currently using in production?”



62%

54%

35%

29%

14%

12%

9%

7%

6%

4%

4%

2%

Oracle DBMS

Microsoft SQL Server

IBM DB2

Teradata

IBM Netezza

HP Vertica

SAP Sybase IQ

EMC Greenplum

Software AG Adabas

Actian Vectorwise

IBM Informix

Actian Ingres

NosQL Gains Momentum Delivering New Data Management Capabilities

“NoSQL” covers a range of alternative nonrelational DBMSes optimized for various application patterns including social media, predictive analytics, extreme-scale web applications, large-scale business analytics, and real-time applications. NoSQL typically supports flexible schemas, scale-out architecture, unstructured data, and data storage optimized for connected data. NoSQL includes graph databases, key-value stores, document databases, and object databases. Today, 20% of enterprises already use NoSQL; MongoDB and Cassandra lead the pack, with 7% and 6%, respectively (see Figure 5). Forrester expects this momentum to continue; a further 26% of respondents plan to adopt a NoSQL database by 2016. Application architects and development leaders should seriously consider using NoSQL for applications that have unique requirements that relational databases don’t meet as effectively, recognizing that:




■ Graph databases speed access to connected data. Graph databases simplify and speed access to data containing many relationships. Graph structures consist of nodes (things), edges (relationships), and properties (key values) to store and access complex data relationships. Unlike key-value stores, graph databases directly support relationships and can rapidly access complex networks of connected data. Common use cases include social network applications like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn; recommendation engines; pattern analysis for detecting fraud and understanding consumer behavior; analysis of communication networks for load balancing and routing; identity and access management; dependency analysis use cases for software, networks, enterprise resources, and data governance; and predictive analytics. Neo4J is one of the more popular graph databases; several others are available, including AllegroGraph, FlockDB, GraphBase, IBM DB2 NoSQL Graph Store, Objectivity InfiniteGraph, and OrientDB.

■ Key-value stores provide fast access to distributed data. NoSQL key-value store databases can handle web scale — thousands of servers, millions of users — with extremely fast, optimized storage and retrieval. Key-value stores accomplish this by leaving out many features of relational databases and implementing only features that extreme web apps need. The best-known solutions in this space are Aerospike, Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon SimpleDB, Apache Cassandra, Basho Riak, Couchbase, DataStax Cassandra, IBM Informix C-ISAM, Keyspace, memcached, Oracle NoSQL, and Redis.

■ Document stores offer a flexible data model. A document database stores each row as a document, offering the flexibility to have any number of columns and fields of any size and type. The structure or schema of each document is as flexible as the application requires and can evolve rapidly to meet new requirements. Twitter uses a document store to hold user profiles, including followers and tweets. Although a relational store can also handle such information, document databases are better suited to handling such requirements, especially when the app requires a flexible schema structure and support for unpredictable relationships between data elements. The best-known solutions are Apache CouchDB, Couchbase, eXist-dbx, MarkLogic Server, MongoDB, OrientDB, and terrastore.

■ Object databases offer easier access and scale for objects. Object databases have been around for decades and are largely tied to object programming languages, but they are also available under the NoSQL category for application developers. Object databases offer better concurrency controls and easier object navigation and work well for distributed architectures. These databases use exactly the same model as object-oriented programming languages like C#, Java, Objective-C, Perl, Python, Ruby, and Smalltalk. The best-known NoSQL object databases include InterSystems Caché, Objectivity/DB, Progress Software ObjectStore, Versant db4o Object Database, Versant Object Database, and VMware GemStone/S.




Figure 5 Oracle, Microsoft, And IBM Continue To Dominate The RDBMS Market


“Which transactional DBMS products are you currently using in productionand nonproduction environments?”

89%

86%

51%

47%

42%

24%

24%

17%

12%

10%

8%

7%

6%

6%

5%

4%

4%

4%


Oracle Database

Microsoft SQL Server

IBM DB2

MySQL

Microsoft Access

IBM Information Management System (IMS)

SAP Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE)

PostgreSQL

Software AG Adabas

IBM Informix

CA IDMS

MongoDB

Cassandra

EnterpriseDB

Oracle Berkeley DB

Actian/Ingres

MarkLogic

Microsoft SQL Azure


specialized Databases are Growing Quickly — especially Cloud and Mobile Databases

Beyond the OLTP, DWs, and NoSQL, the specialized database category provides DBMSes used by applications for specific purposes — such as mobile, cloud, in-memory, or standalone applications that need an embedded database repository. Although most of these requirements have traditionally come from value-added resellers, original equipment manufacturers, and independent software vendors, enterprises are now starting to make more use of such databases, especially for cloud and mobile. IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and SAP Sybase offer specialized databases, as do smaller vendors MarkLogic, Progress Software, and Software AG, as:

■ Mobile databases are taking off. Mobile’s momentum is continuing to accelerate in 2013 as apps, tablets, and smartphones explode in popularity.3 Next-generation mobile apps often require data to be stored locally and synchronized with back-end enterprise databases, accessing




other data in real time from multiple sources. Developers also use mobile databases to support BI, real-time reporting, analytics and predictive analytics, and transactional applications on smart mobile devices.

Mobile databases, originally seen primarily in logistics and retail, are now expanding into all industries, especially financial services, insurance, manufacturing, and government. Demand for more efficient mobile databases, mobile to back-end data synchronization, and mobile database security will drive the mobile database market in the coming years. Leading mobile database solutions include HanDbase, IBM Mobile Database, McObject eXtremeDB, Microsoft SQL Server Compact, Oracle Database Mobile, Raima RDM Mobile, SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere, and SQLite open source database.

■ Cloud databases deliver faster time-to-value. AD&D pros increasingly view cloud platforms as the fastest and most flexible way to deliver new capabilities and services. These platforms abstract away many of the operational challenges of deployment by providing services like infrastructure, caching, and databases. Cloud databases automate the provisioning, administration, backup, recovery, availability, security, and scalability of the database without the need for a database administrator and deliver economies of scale through elastic capacity, automation, and standardization.

The cloud database market has two key segments: large cloud vendors offering broader infrastructure-as-a-service and platform-as-a-service (PaaS) portfolios and specialized pure-play vendors offering simplified database-as-a-service. Fourteen percent of enterprises are already running cloud databases; Forrester expects this to almost triple in the next three years. The top cloud database use cases include application testing, new application development, data backup, line-of-business applications, mobile applications, and archived data. Leading cloud database vendors include AWS, Caspio, Cloudant, Clustrix, EnterpriseDB, Microsoft, NuoDB, Oracle, Rackspace, and salesforce.

■ In-memory databases enable real-time information access. Data stored in memory can be accessed orders of magnitude faster than on disk. Although in-memory databases are not new, applications have only recently begun to fully exploit them and enterprises have increased their adoption thanks to lower memory costs and improved capabilities.4 In-memory databases support many use cases, including predictive modeling, real-time data access, and big data. Storing and processing customer data in memory enables upselling and cross-selling new products based on customer likes, dislikes, friend circles, buying patterns, and past orders.5 Vendors in this space include Aerospike, Altibase, IBM, MemSQL, Oracle, SAP, Starcounter, and VoltDB.




VeNDOR LaNDsCape: DaTaBase MaNaGeMeNT sysTeMs

Unlike smaller niche database vendors, large DBMS vendors such as IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and SAP offer multiple database solutions that span most database categories (see Figure 6). For example, Oracle offers relational, NoSQL (key-value), in-memory, cloud, and DW; IBM offers relational, NoSQL (Graph), in-memory, cloud, mobile, and DW. Several database vendors are vying for market share across all four categories, as:

■ Oracle continues to dominate the database market. Despite pressure from startups offering NoSQL and big data solutions and competition from IBM, Microsoft, SAP, and Teradata, Oracle continues to maintain its leading position; it’s the most widely used database solution for enterprises running mission-critical applications. In 2008, Oracle delivered the first database appliance (Oracle Exadata V1) that supported both transactions and analytics; it continues to innovate with in-memory databases and improved self-management, now offering Oracle DBMS in the public cloud. Oracle also offers appliances for DW, analytics, big data, and middleware. Oracle Real Application Clusters remains a leading high-availability solution that uses shared-disk architecture. Oracle also offers the Berkeley DB NoSQL database, increasing customer options. However, Oracle’s license cost remains enterprises’ top concern. And although Oracle has done well on Linux and Unix, Windows adoption remains average and it lags in mobile database solutions.

■ Microsoft has improved enterprise scalability. With SQL Server 2012, Microsoft delivered support for larger and more complex databases. SQL Server 2012 innovations include always-on high availability, column-store indexes that reduce I/O and memory utilization for large queries, and xVelocity, a new in-memory analytics engine. Microsoft continues to dominate the cloud database market with its SQL Database (previously SQL Azure) offering.6 SQL Server 2012 also offers Parallel Data Warehouse, a massively parallel processing DW appliance that integrates with Hadoop and delivers high performance, although adoption has been gradual. Microsoft is also building an in-memory database with transaction support, due in the next major SQL Server release, and likely to compete against IBM, Oracle, and SAP HANA in-memory solutions. Microsoft has increased its database adoption significantly over the years and is second only to Oracle in OLTP and DWs.

■ IBM DB2 is putting pressure on Oracle and other leaders and gaining momentum. IBM continues to innovate, offering new features and functionality that are driving increased adoption. IBM DB2 10 offers several performance improvements, time travel query, multitemperature data management, and highly improved data compression.7 In addition, IBM is the first large database vendor to offer a NoSQL graph store. DB2 also offers integrated support for Oracle PL/SQL with an average of 98% code compatibility with Oracle database applications, easing the migrations of Oracle customers migrating to DB2 in search of a superior price-to-performance ratio.8 With its recent release of PureData System supporting transactions and analytics, IBM aims to beat Oracle’s fast start in appliances, offering integrated systems




that support a wide range of applications and workloads. And IBM is gaining momentum: DB2 pureScale recently delivered a shared-disk cluster platform for DB2 that improves availability and scales up transaction processing workloads. Recently, IBM announced a technology preview of JSON support in DB2 and introduced BLU Acceleration, a new DB2 technology that speeds up in-memory columnar database workloads. However, adoption of DB2 on Windows remains lackluster, and IBM has yet to make public a cloud database strategy for DB2.

■ Teradata offers highly scalable and flexible analytics in a premium package. Teradata is one of the leading analytics solutions focusing on DW and big data analytics. Teradata increasingly positions its EDW offerings as a platform on which partners can build analytic solution packages for specific industries and business functions. Teradata offers its EDW as licensed software, preintegrated appliances, cloud/software-as-a-service services, and a virtual image. The vendor continues to invest in new, differentiating technologies and approaches, including cloud, virtualization, geospatial, real-time, in-memory, in-database analytics, MapReduce, Hadoop, social media, unstructured data, and SSD. Teradata Unified Data Architecture integrates the Teradata DW platform, Teradata Aster discovery platform, and Hadoop technology to offer enterprises an end-to-end analytical solution that supports any type of data. Although adoption of its public cloud DW is weak, Teradata is likely to improve its offering in the near term.

■ SAP HANA has strong momentum, while SAP Sybase products are garnering more attention. According to SAP, HANA is the fastest-growing revenue-generating product in the history of the company and currently has more than 1,000 customers. SAP HANA is a distributed in-memory appliance that combines software, storage, servers, and networking to deliver a scale-out analytical and transactional platform. Although SAP HANA is mature for analytics, support for transactional applications is in its infancy. The launch of SAP Business Suite running on HANA earlier this year showcased the possibilities of converged OLTP and OLAP processing and the opportunity to create new business solutions. SAP’s port of its applications to SAP Sybase ASE has helped SAP gain new customers and some successful migrations from other DBMSes, notably Oracle. SAP Sybase’s IQ DW has also worked well for more than 2,500 customers, with DWs running into the hundreds of terabytes. Version 16 of SAP Sybase IQ will enable the management and analysis of petabytes of data.

■ Amazon Web Services is ramping transactions and DW in the cloud. AWS has jumped into the data management space in a big way. AWS offers four cloud database services: Amazon SimpleDB, a nonrelational NoSQL data store; Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS), a web service that offers MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server databases as managed virtual machines; Amazon DynamoDB, a NoSQL database service; and Amazon Redshift, a cloud DW. Amazon RDS is one of the most widely used cloud database platforms, supporting thousands of customers across several industries including retail, finance and insurance, manufacturing, entertainment, government, and telecommunications. Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed




NoSQL cloud database platform that uses SSDs to store data with automatic sharding to scale to support larger high-performance applications. Firms use DynamoDB to support advertising campaigns, drive Facebook applications, track gaming information, collect and analyze sensor and log data, and scale eCommerce applications. Customers include AdRoll.com, Electronic Arts, FormSpring.me, IMDb.com, Shazam, and SmugMug. AWS recently announced Redshift, a low-cost, fully managed DWaaS that automates provisioning, administration, security, backup, and availability.

■ MySQL adoption has hits the skids. Although MySQL is the most widely adopted open source database and boasts the largest developer community, its adoption has stalled since Oracle acquired Sun. MySQL has lagged behind NoSQL and other alternative databases in delivering new and innovative features, migration tools from other databases, and good support for very large databases. The most common usage of MySQL remains web applications and small to medium-size transactional applications. Over the years, many MySQL customers have moved on to PostgreSQL, MariaDB, SQL Server, and other NoSQL solutions because of scalability, performance, security, or support concerns. Still, MySQL remains a viable option for transactional applications, embedded databases, and web-based and eCommerce applications.

■ PostgreSQL has the second-largest open source community. PostgreSQL has competitive technology and features and continues to expand its growth across various industries. Top vendors supporting PostgreSQL include EnterpriseDB and VMware. EnterpriseDB was founded in March 2004 and offers Postgres Plus, an improved version of PostgreSQL that supports higher performance, scalability, reliability, and advanced enterprise-class features to support high-volume, mission-critical applications. EnterpriseDB also offers Postgres Plus Advanced Server, which supports Oracle compatibility, geospatial, parallel query, and self-management. In addition, EnterpriseDB released a cloud version of PostgreSQL that runs on AWS. VMware offers VMware Postgres, a Postgres database optimized for cloud deployment that is fully compatible with open source PostgreSQL and comes with an intuitive user interface and 24x7 global support. VMware Postgres’ virtual-friendly features include elastic memory pooling technology as well as smart configuration and tuning through its out-of-the-box virtual appliance packaging. Large customers using PostgreSQL include American International Group, BT Group, CSC, India’s National Informatics Centre, Nokia Siemens Networks, TD Ameritrade, the US Federal Aviation Administration, Vonage, and The Washington Times.

■ Actian is riding the Ingres base into the era of big data. Actian aims to transform big data into business value with data management solutions for transactions, analytics, and operations. Most of Actian’s more than 10,000 paying customers worldwide use the popular Ingres open source OLTP database. Actian also offers the Vectorwise analytic relational database and the Versant object-oriented database. Ingres version 10 delivers geospatial support, improved performance, column-level encryption, and migrations from popular databases such as MySQL,




Oracle, SQL Server, and SAP Sybase. Actian Ingres remains a viable transactional database that supports many large customers in several industries, including retail, manufacturing, telecommunications, and finance and insurance.

■ MarkLogic offers a mature enterprise NoSQL database. Unlike newer open source communities or startups that began offering NoSQL products in recent years, MarkLogic has been offering a NoSQL database for more than a decade. MarkLogic is a nonrelational XML database with integrated search that can store structured and unstructured data and which more than 1,000 customers use. In September 2012, MarkLogic introduced MarkLogic 6, which builds on this history with more scalable, more secure, and faster big data processing. The new version includes new tools to speed application development, enrich analytics and visualization for greater insight, and create user-defined functions. Firms using MarkLogic include Dow Jones, Warner Bros. Entertainment, McGraw Hill, Visa, the US Air Force, the US Army, O’Reilly Media, Northrop Grumman, Morgan Stanley, J.P. Morgan, Citigroup, Boeing, and Bank of America.

■ Salesforce.com offers two cloud databases among its platform services. Database.com is a relational database service that integrates with salesforce’s overall cloud platform; you can use it to share data across multiple channels, connect customers and employees with mobile apps, and support web-based applications. Database.com is best suited for companies that want to create interactive mobile, web, and social apps. Firms use Database.com for social and mobile enterprise applications as well as for native mobile apps on smart devices. Salesforce also offers a database service in its Heroku Postgres PaaS solution, which gives startups and IT organizations a faster way to create and deploy business applications. Heroku Postgres runs the standard community version of Postgres but adds features including data clips, followers, and forks. It also provides management services for monitoring, health checks, availability, and technical support. Customers using Heroku Postgres include Best Buy, CloudApp, and the Sierra Club.

■ MongoDB tops adoption among NoSQL databases. MongoDB is an open source document NoSQL database that is developed and supported by 10gen, optimized for the way organizations build and run applications today. It’s popular among application developers because it’s easy to rapidly evolve its schema when doing Agile development and deploying in cloud and virtualized environments. Seven percent of enterprises use MongoDB today. The product provides a JSON data model with dynamic schema, extensive driver support, autosharding, built-in replication and high availability, rich queries, aggregation, text search, and in-place updates. More than 600 customers use MongoDB, including Cisco Systems, craigslist, Disney, eBay, Ericsson, Forbes, Foursquare, Intuit, LexisNexis, MTV, and Shutterfly. Although MongoDB is a general-purpose database, customers most often use it for operational and analytical big data, content management and delivery, and mobile and social infrastructure.




■ Apache Cassandra is picking up momentum. Cassandra is an open source distributed key-value NoSQL database that was originally developed by Facebook. DataStax contributes to, distributes, and supports a version of Apache Cassandra; it supplies tools and services for Cassandra and offers a “community edition”: a free distribution of Apache Cassandra that includes the OpsCenter utility to simplify administration. Firms using Cassandra include Twitter, Symantec, Squidoo, Spotify, SourceNinja, Shazam, Rhapsody, Plaxo, Pitney Bowes, Netflix, GoDaddy, Ericsson, eBay, and Comcast.

■ Riak delivers a viable scale-out NoSQL database. Created by Basho Technologies in 2008, Riak is an open source distributed NoSQL database architected for high availability and operational simplicity while scaling well on commodity hardware. Riak features a key-value store, multi-data center replication, full-text search, secondary indexes, MapReduce, and a graphical admin tool called Riak Control. In 2012, Basho extended Riak to offer a distributed, S3-compatible, multitenant object store called Riak CS (cloud storage). Basho’s customer base includes Best Buy, Comcast, Dell, Rovio Entertainment, State Farm Insurance, Time Warner, the UK’s National Health Service, The Weather Company, Workday, and Yahoo Japan.

■ Couchbase provides a scalable document-oriented NoSQL database. Couchbase develops and provides commercial release and support for Couchbase Server, an open-source NoSQL document-oriented database. Couchbase customers use its technology to support social and mobile applications, content and metadata stores, and online gaming. Couchbase delivers an easy-to-use solution with high availability and scalability features. Its flexible data model features querying and indexing, full-text search, and MapReduce for real-time analytics. Companies using Couchbase include AOL, Cisco Systems, Concur Technologies, LinkedIn, Orbitz, salesforce.com, SHFL entertainment, and Zynga.

■ MemSQL’s distributed in-memory database delivers faster insights on big data. MemSQL, founded in 2011, is an ACID-compliant RDBMS that combines lock-free data structures with a just-in-time compiler that converts SQL into C++ to achieve high performance and scale. MemSQL can consume millions of events per second to support real-time analytics use cases such as fraud detection, demand sensing, a 360-degree view of the customer, operational intelligence, risk management, call center optimization, and customer purchasing behaviors. Some of the customers using MemSQL: Credit Suisse, Hitachi, Morgan Stanley, Symantec VeriSign, and Zynga.

■ VoltDB’s scale-out architecture offers a viable alternative to traditional databases. VoltDB is an in-memory RDBMS that uses a shared-nothing architecture to deliver scalability and performance. It is an ACID-compliant database that supports SQL access for high-velocity data ingestion, decision making and real-time data analytics. VoltDB parallel single-threaded processing ensures transactional consistency while avoiding the overhead of locking and




latching. VoltDB is used to support traditional high-performance applications, online gaming, fraud detection, microtransaction systems, and digital ad exchanges. Customers include AOL, Bursa Malaysia Berhad, Cowen Group, HP, Pinger, QualityHealth.com, Shopzilla, SignMeUp, Yahoo, and YellowHammer Media Group.

■ Neo4J is one of the most popular graph NoSQL databases. Neo4J is an open-source graph NoSQL database developed by Neo Technology. It’s an embedded disk-based transactional property graph database that uses graph structures with nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. Key use cases of Neo4J include social networking, fraud detection, recommendation engines, network management, and bioinformatics. Customers using Neo4J include Adobe Systems, Cisco Systems, Deutsche Telekom, Moviepilot, Mozilla, Pitney Bowes, Lufthansa, and Squidoo.

■ Clustrix offers a scale-out architecture for MySQL databases. Clustrix is a scale-out distributed SQL RDBMS that supports transactions and real-time analytics by combining data distribution with a distributed query processing facility. Clustrix is offered on multiple platforms, including on-premises — either as software or on an appliance — and the public cloud via AWS. The Clustrix database is on-the-wire compatible with MySQL, enabling existing MySQL application code and connectors to use Clustrix. Customers using Clustrix include AOL, CSC, MakeMyTrip.com, PhotoBox, Rafter, Rakuten, and Symantec.




Figure 6 Top Vendors In The Database Market Landscape


Actian Ingres

Relational OLTP

Actian Vectorwise

Data warehouse

Amazon DynamoDB

Cloud databases/DBaaS

Aerospike

In-memory database

EnterpriseDB Amazon Redshift Amazon RDS Altibase XDB

IBM DB2 EMC Greenplum Amazon SimpleDB IBM solidDB

IBM Informix HP Vertica Caspio MemSQL

MariaDB* IBM DB2 EnterpriseDB PostgresPlus Cloud

Oracle TimesTen

Microsoft SQL Server Kognitio Heroku Postgres SAP HANA

MySQL* Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Database Starcounter

Oracle DBMS Oracle DBMS NuoDB VoltDB

PostgreSQL* ParAccel ObjectRocket MongoDB

SAP Sybase ASE SAP Sybase IQ Rackspace

VMware vFabric Postgres Teradata salesforce.comDatabase.com

Clustrix

Cloudant

HanDBase

Mobile databases

Aerospike

Key-value store

InterSystems Caché

Object database Graph database

AllegroGraph

IBM Mobile Database Amazon DynamoDB NeoDatis Object Database FlockDB*

McObject eXtremeDB Amazon SimpleDB ObjectDB GraphBase

Microsoft SQL ServerCompact

Apache Cassandra Objectivity Objectivity/DB IBM DB2

Oracle Database Mobile Basho Riak ObjectStore Neo Technology Neo4j

Raima RDM Mobile

Couchbase* Versant db4o ObjectDatabase

Neo4j*

SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere

DataStax Cassandra Versant Object Database Objectivity In�niteGraph

SQLite*

IBM Informix C-ISAM VMware GemStone/S OrientDB*

Keyspace

memcached

Oracle NoSQL

Redis

*Open source projects




Figure 6 Top Vendors In The Database Market Landscape (Cont.)


Document database Scale-out relational Database appliance10gen MongoDB Clustrix Oracle Exadata

Apache CouchDB* MemSQL EMC Greenplum

Couchbase* ScaleArc HP Vertica

eXist-db ScaleBase IBM PureData System

MarkLogic ScaleDB Microsoft PDW

MongoDB* StormDB SAP HANA Appliance

OrientDB* TransLattice Teradata

terrastore

*Open source projects

VMware vFabric SQLFire

VoltDB

R e c o m m e n d at i o n s

INVesT IN New DaTaBase TeChNOLOGIes TO sUCCeeD

Your business data delivers an increasing share of the value of your systems. Past investments in relational databases provide a good foundation but fall short of what it takes to stay competitive given the many innovative new ways of using information available today. Your next-generation database strategy requires new investments to help your firm deliver the speed, agility, and new insights critical to help grow your business. You should:

■ Invest in in-memory databases for faster data access. Without in-memory technology, analytics, personalization, and next-best-offer analysis can be painfully slow, causing you to miss an opportunity to sell products and services to a customer at the right time. Consider in-memory databases to speed your most critical processing for delivering breakthrough experiences.

■ Invest in NoSQL for more flexible data structures and processing. NoSQL graph databases can traverse social network and other relationship-rich data very quickly to deliver powerful predictive insights and personalization. Other NoSQL databases such as key-value stores can also help store and process large customer data sets using flexible data models and horizontal scale. Choose NoSQL when such flexibility is of prime importance to your success.




■ Understand the cost implications. When considering NoSQL or other specialized databases, don’t be fooled by their low upfront costs. Although they often save licensing costs, application development and operational costs can easily be higher than for an RDBMS, especially for NoSQL options that require significant programming in low-level languages like Java to take full advantage of their flexibility. Do a careful cost analysis to determine NoSQL’s total cost of ownership in the short and long terms.

■ Understand your support options. Some new database solutions are open source and don’t have a strong support model, so know your options — especially if the application will be mission-critical and have to meet certain service-level agreements.

■ Target the right applications. Not all business applications are suitable for NoSQL and other specialized databases. Look for applications that have social media-like requirements, need scale-out BI, deliver experiences beyond what your apps can do today, or support unstructured data or elastic caching to scale applications.

■ Beware migrations from an RDBMS. Moving existing RDBMS applications to NoSQL often requires significant rewriting of the application, including defining a new schema, so be prepared to burn the midnight oil. Developers accustomed to the relational model will also need education on how to exploit more flexible schemas in those applications that benefit from such flexibility.

W h at i t m e a n s

LOOK BeyOND TRaDITIONaL DaTaBase sOLUTIONs aND aRChITeCTURes

The database market is undergoing a massive, multidimensional transformation. Although relational databases are suitable for established OLTP and decision support applications, many new business requirements, increasingly dynamic workloads, globalization, and cost constraints are driving the need for a new enterprise database strategy that takes into account all the new options for data management available today. Application developers facing issues with existing database implementations or difficulties in designing for challenging new applications at web scale should look beyond relational. Firms that invest wisely in new database technologies will respond more quickly to business needs and competitive threats, grow faster than their competitors, and deliver more innovative products and services more quickly.




eNDNOTes1 Forrester estimates that data volume doubles every 18 months for mission-critical applications. See the

February 4, 2010, “Forrester TechRadar™: Enterprise Data Integration, Q1 2010” report.

2 Top DW vendors include Teradata, Oracle, Sybase, IBM, EMC, and Microsoft. See the February 10, 2011, “The Forrester Wave™: Enterprise Data Warehousing Platforms, Q1 2011” report.

3 Mobile’s momentum continues to accelerate in 2013, with more than 1 million apps available, more than 150 million tablets sold, and more than 1 billion smartphones in consumers’ pockets globally. See the February 13, 2013, “2013 Mobile Trends For eBusiness Professionals” report.

4 In 1990, memory was $45,000 per gigabyte, compared with $5 per gigabyte in 2012. Source: John McCallum (http://www.jcmit.com/memoryprice.htm).

5 Key technologies that can help deliver faster insights and real-time customer experiences include in-memory platforms and event processing platforms. In-memory databases support many use cases including predictive modeling, real-time data access, and big data. See the March 6, 2013, “Future Of Customer Data Management” report.

6 Cloud database offerings represent a new space within the broader data management platform market, providing enterprises with an abstracted option to support Agile development and new social, mobile, cloud, and eCommerce applications as well as lower IT costs. In our evaluation of the enterprise cloud database market, we used 45 enterprise-client-derived criteria to evaluate cloud database vendors. See November 8, 2012, “The Forrester Wave™: Enterprise Cloud Databases, Q4 2012 [70541]” report.

7 “Multitemperature data management” is IBM’s term for its DW technology capability to manage information ranked by its “heat,” as gauged by frequency of access, rate of change, and other key indicators. This approach optimizes access to hotter information, using faster resources and special processing. Source: IBM (https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/mydeveloperworks/wikis/home/wiki/Wc9a068d7f6a6_4434_aece_0d297ea80ab1/page/Multi-temperature%20data%20management?lang=en).

8 Database migrations have always been complex and time-consuming due to proprietary data structures and data types, SQL extensions, and procedural languages. A new technology has recently emerged for solving this problem: the database compatibility layer, a database access layer that supports another database management system’s proprietary extensions natively. See February 9, 2011, “Simpler Database Migrations Have Arrived! [58454]” report.






Forrester Research, Inc. (Nasdaq: FORR) is an independent research company that provides pragmatic and forward-thinking advice to global leaders in business and technology. Forrester works with professionals in 13 key roles at major companies providing proprietary research, customer insight, consulting, events, and peer-to-peer executive programs. For more than 29 years, Forrester has been making IT, marketing, and technology industry leaders successful every day. For more information, visit www.forrester.com. 94781

«

Forrester Focuses On Application Development & Delivery Professionals responsible for leading the development and delivery of applications

that support your company’s business strategies, you also choose

technology and architecture while managing people, skills, practices,

and organization to maximize value. Forrester’s subject-matter expertise

and deep understanding of your role will help you create forward-thinking

strategies; weigh opportunity against risk; justify decisions; and optimize

your individual, team, and corporate performance.

andRea davies, client persona representing Application Development & Delivery Professionals

About ForresterA global research and advisory firm, Forrester inspires leaders,

informs better decisions, and helps the world’s top companies turn

the complexity of change into business advantage. our research-

based insight and objective advice enable it professionals to

lead more successfully within it and extend their impact beyond

the traditional it organization. tailored to your individual role, our

resources allow you to focus on important business issues —

margin, speed, growth — first, technology second.

foR moRe infoRmation

To find out how Forrester Research can help you be successful every day, please contact the office nearest you, or visit us at www.forrester.com. For a complete list of worldwide locations, visit www.forrester.com/about.

client suppoRt

For information on hard-copy or electronic reprints, please contact Client Support at +1 866.367.7378, +1 617.613.5730, or [email protected]. We offer quantity discounts and special pricing for academic and nonprofit institutions.

mailto:[email protected]

www.forrester.com