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Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 1
Toshihiro Fujita, Ph.D.
Vice Chairman of Fine Bubble Industries Association (FBIA)Chair of Japan National Mirror Committee of ISO/TC 281
Chief Technology Officer, IDEC Corporation
The status and future of fine bubble generation, measurements and applications
July 25, 2016
7th International Symposium of Fine Bubble Technology, Sydney, Australia
Copyright 2015 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 2
Millimeter bubble (several mmΦ)
MillimeterBubbles
Sub-millimeter Bubble
Submicron Bubble*
Micro-Bubble
10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2
Bubble diameter (m)(1μm)
Milli bubbleMilli bubble
Copyright 2015 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 3
Ultra pure water
Ultrafine bubble Contained ultra
pure water
MillimeterBubbles
Sub-millimeter Bubble
Submicron Bubble*
Micro-Bubble
10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2
(1μm)
Ultrafine bubble
Micro bubble (several 10 μm Φ)
Bubble diameter (m)
Micro bubble
Copyright 2015 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 4
MillimeterBubbles
Sub-millimeter Bubble
Submicron Bubble*
Micro-Bubble
10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2
(1μm)
Ultrafine bubble (100~200nm Φ)
Ultrafine bubbleDiameter 100~200nmDensity 4 X109 / ml
Bubble diameter (m)
Ultra pure water
Ultrafine bubble Contained ultra
pure water
Copyright 2015 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 5
What is fine bubble or ultrafine bubble ?
Millimeter BubblesSub-millimeter BubbleSubmicron Bubble* Micro Bubble
10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2
(1μm) Bubble diameter (m)
Fine Bubble
Bubble
Ultrafine Bubble
(1mm)
Picture of brownian motions of ultrafine bubbles in water observed by NanoSight.(Diameter: 100~200nm Density: 4 X109 / ml)
Fine bubble is a bubble having diameter smaller than 100 μm, and Ultrafine bubble is a bubble having diameter smaller than 1 μm in liquid.
ISO/TC 281
ISO/TC 281
Copyright 2015 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 6
Fine Bubble Technology introduced in ISO Focus May-June, 2014
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 7
Behavior of milli-, micro- and ultrafine-bubble
Rising
Break
Ultrafine Bubble(100nm~200nm)
Stagnant
Microbubble
Shrinking
Disappear
Ultrafine bubbles
Dissolvinggenerating
Water pool
Micro Bubble(~50um) Milli –Bubble(100um~1mm)
Millimeter BubblesSub-millimeter BubbleSubmicron Bubble* Micro Bubble
10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2
(1μm) Bubble diameter (m)
Fine Bubble
Bubble
Ultrafine Bubble
(1mm)
ISO/TC 281
ISO/TC 281
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 8
Manufacturing process of ultrafine bubbles
Ultrafine bubbles are popularly produced through microbubbles.
To control the amount and size of ultrafine bubbles generated, it is important to understand the phenomena of physical and physicochemical gas-liquid behavior and to realize the hydrodynamic design.
Ultrafinebubble generator
Bubbling microbubbles in the water at first.
Stopping aeration, waiting for the natural emerging separation of the microbubbles, and producing water only remaining ultrafine bubbles
Cloudy liquid
Clear liquid
Ultrafinebubble generator
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 9
Observation from microbubble water to ultrafine bubble water
Ultrapure water
Microbubble water (looks cloudy)
Waiting with no aeration
(during microbubble surfacing separation)
Ultrafine bubble water(looks clear)
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 10
Methods for fine bubbles size analysis
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 11
Measurement methods Product Name Manufacturers/Dealer
Measured byIDEC in
(a) Particle tracking analysis method LM20 / NS500
NanoSight Jun., 2010
(b)
Laser diffraction scattering method
SALD7100HH Shimadzu May., 2011
(c) HELOS Sympatec Dec., 2012
(d) LS 13 320 Beckman Coulter Feb., 2014
(e)
Dynamic light scattering method
Zetasizer Nano Malvern Instruments Nov., 2011
(f) ELSZ-2plus Otsuka Electronics Sep., 2012
(g) NANOPHOX Sympatec Dec., 2012
(h) SZ-100 Horiba Jul., 2014
(i) Resonant mass measurement method ArchimedesAffinity Biosensors
Malvern Instruments Oct., 2012
(j)
Electrical sensing zone method
qNano IZON Dec., 2013
(k) Multisizer 4 Beckman Coulter Nov., 2009
(l) Elzone II 5390 Micromeritics Jul., 2013
Classification of ultrafine bubbles measurement instruments
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 12
(i) Resonance mass measurement method(Archimedes : Malvern)
(e) Dynamic light scattering method(Zetasizer Nano.: Malvern)
(g) Dynamic light scattering method(NANOPHOX: Sympatec)
(f) Dynamic light scattering method(ELSZ-2plus: Otsuka Electronics)
(a) Particle tracking analysis method (NS500 : NanoSight)
(b) Laser diffraction scattering method(SALD7100HH : Shimadzu)
(c) Laser diffraction scattering method(HELOS : Sympatec)
(k) Electrical sensing zone method(Multisizer™ 4 : Beckman Coulter)
(l) Electrical sensing zone method(Elzone II 5390 : Micromeritics )
(d) Laser diffraction scattering method(LS 13 320:Beckman coulter)
(h) Dynamic light scattering method(SZ-100:HORIBA)
(j) Electrical sensing zone method(qNano:IZON)
Measurement results obtained by measuring the presence of ultrafine bubbles in ultrapure water using various measurement equipments based on different principles and methods
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 13
0
100
200
300
400
500
Mod
e di
amet
er o
f ultr
afin
e bu
bble
sm
easu
red
by e
ach
equi
pmen
t (n
m)
Dynamic lightscattering
Laser diffractionscattering
Electrical sensingzone
Particle trackinganalysis
Mea
sura
ble
rang
e by
eac
h m
easu
rem
ent e
quip
men
t
(lower detection limit)
Resonant massmeasurement
Various methods show measurement resultsof ultrafine bubble diameter around 100-200nm
Copyright 2015 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 14
2009 - 2010 2011- 2012 2013 - 2014
Progress of Ultrafine bubble number concentration
2015 - 2016
Copyright 2015 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 15
Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology
Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 16
■Application of ultrafine bubble water for cleaning of steel bridges(NEXCO-West Japan)
■ Application of ultrafine bubble water for toilet cleaning (NEXCO-West Japan)
■Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)
Cleaning water Tap water Ultrafine Bubble water
Cleaning position
Before cleaning
After cleaning
Cleaning rate [%]
Before cleaning
After cleaning
Cleaning rate [%]
Web face 60.9 10.9 82.1 136.9 1.5 98.2
Upper face of bottom flange 57.4 4.8 91.6 190.9 0 100
Weather Sunny Sunny Sunny Sunny
Temperature
[℃]22 20 22 20
Salinity adsorbed on bridge wall before and after cleaning
Highly improved!
Highly improved!
Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology:Cleaning
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 17
■Application to solar wafer manufacturing equipment:solar cell wafer separation with ultrafine bubbles (IDEC)
■Cleaning of semiconductor substrate by ultrafine bubble water (AIST)
■Cleaning of the inorganic crystal adhering to solid wall by ultrafine bubble water (Keio University)
2:Crystal peeling
0:Adhesion 1:Dissolving of the crystal surface
3:Dissolving of the residue
Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology:Cleaning in Electronics
■Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 18
■Mayonnaise with Fine Bubbles (Kewpie)
51
22 20 10
215
189181 175
0
50
100
150
0
100
200
300
0 1 4 7
平均
気泡
径d[μm]
同一
顕微
鏡視
野中
の気
泡個
数n[-]
経過日数 T[day]
初期気泡径[μm] 比重[-]●■ 99 0.86▲■ 43 0.65
Fine Bubbles in mayonnaise Stability of Fine Bubbles ■Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)
Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology:Food application
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 19
■Production of water with flavor of prickly ash by ultrafine Bubbles(Kyoto University, IDEC)
Bubble
Flavor molecule
BubbleBubblebubble
bubble
香り導入のメカニズム ウルトラファインバブルの長期安定性
bubble
0 20 40 60 80 1000.0
2.0x107
4.0x107
6.0x107
8.0x107
1.0x108
1.2x108
1.4x108
Tota
l nu
mb
er o
f U
ltra
fine
bu
bb
les
in w
ate
r ( /m
L)
Time (Day)
<Zeta potential of Ultrafine bubble water>
Zeta potential =-37.99mV
■Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)
Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology:Food application
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 20
■ Fishery cultivation (Kochi Prefecture, Japan)
■ Live fish transportation with highly-concentrated ultrafine bubble water
■Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)
Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology: Agriculture and Fisheries application
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 21
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 10 20 30 40 50
Cultivation time after seeding (day)
Wei
ght o
f the
leav
es o
f let
tuce
(g)
agriGALF water
Tap water
■ Acceleration of growth of agricultural crops (IDEC)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
地上
部生
体重
(g)
地上部生体重
Control
FB
■ R&D of mechanisms of fine bubble technology for plant growth (The university of Tokyo, Kyoto University etc.)
lettuce
■Application to cleaning and acceleration of growth of ginger
■Video clips of actual examples of fine bubble applications are available to see on http://youtu.be/BjRCMoiPBg8 (Japanese)http://youtu.be/lQkmFiJFnGI (English)
Various potential applications of Fine Bubble Technology: Agriculture and Fisheries application
tomato
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 22
Evaluation of Growth Promotion Effect
Measurement of FB in nourishing solution
Evaluation of Environmental Impact
Separation / Filtering
MeasurementSampling
Analysis of Growth Promotion Mechanism
Fine Bubble Technology for plant growth facilities
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 23
As of July 1, 2016
Member of Fine Bubble Industries Association
Copyright 2015 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 24
Global Development
FBIA Global and Regional Activities Map
Standardization/IPR&D
Regional Revitalization Development
Medical-EngineeringPartnerships Project
(AMED)
FB Regional Revitalization Council
FBIA overseasISO/TC 281
Standardization
Thailand NEDOproject
The Union of FB Scientists and Engineers
Measurement/Certification(Registration )
METI International Standardization Program
NEDO overseas business cooperation support project
METI Certification Infrastructure Program
METI National R&D Project SIP (Next Generation agriculture,forestry and fisheries )
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 25
FBIA Global NetworkingBusiness / Standardization / Technical Information / Collaboration
FBIA
FBIA EU
FBIA ASEAN
FBIA Oceania
FBIA UK
FBIA USA
FBIA France
FBIA GermanyFBIA KoreaFBIA Korea
FBIA SingaporeFBIA Singapore
Support
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 26
What is fine bubble or ultrafine bubble ?
Millimeter BubblesSub-millimeter BubbleSubmicron Bubble* Micro Bubble
10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2
(1μm) Bubble diameter (m)
Fine Bubble
Bubble
Ultrafine Bubble
(1mm)
Picture of brownian motions of ultrafine bubbles in water observed by NanoSight.(Diameter: 100-200nm Density: 4 X109 / ml)
Fine bubble is a bubble having diameter smaller than 100 μm, and Ultrafine bubble is a bubble having diameter smaller than 1 μm in liquid.
ISO/TC 281
ISO/TC 281
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 27
Member countries of ISO/TC281(Fine Bubble Technology)
P member (5 countries)Japan (Secretariat)
UKRussiaChinaKorea
O member (10 countries)FranceGermanyNetherlandsUSAPolandFinlandIndiaIsraelCzech RepublicArgentina
Total: 15 countries at established in June, 2013
Total: 19 countries as of June, 2016
P member (8 countries)Japan (Secretariat) USAUK SingaporeRussia AustraliaChinaKoreaO member (11 countries)FranceGermanyNetherlandsPolandFinlandIndiaIsraelCzech RepublicArgentinaViet NamNew Zealand
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 28
Development of ISO standards on Fine Bubble Technologies through three-layer configuration
Definitions of fine bubbles system•General principles of definitions, measurements and applications•Bubble diameter, Bubble concentration•In-liquid retention time,•Type of liquid used for measurement
[Pure water, distilled water, etc.]•Categorization.etc
C
B
Standards for measurement methods
Individual application standard
International standardization
Cleaning effect, Separation effect, Lubrication effect, Electrostatic Charge Separation effect, Control effect of Physical Properties, etc.
Measurement methods of fine bubbles system• Particle characterization
(Size, Concentration (Number/Volume), Density)• Zeta-potential measurement (Zeta-potential)• Liquid Analysis
(Dissolved gas, Conductivity, Viscosity, Boundary surface, pH、BOD、SS)
• Gas Analysis (Type, Purity, Pressure)• Image Analysisetc.
Food, drinking water, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceutical, plant cultivation, agriculture, cleaning, toilet flushing, soil washing, decontamination, water treatment, chemical, manufacturing solar cells, semiconductors, liquid crystal, and manufacturing new functional materials, etc.
Basic standards
A
Evaluation, Certification
Certification
Certification
Certification
Evaluationtest
Evaluationtest
Evaluationtest
Standards for basic common elements related to fine bubble technologies
Measurement method standards for enabling measurement offine bubbles system properties in various methods so as to ensure availability in a
wide range of industrial fields
Standards for defining fine bubble element technologies that achieve effectsin specific industrial fields or applied technologies
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 29
Proposed classification utilized for international standardization of ultrafine bubble technologies (tentative thinking)
10‐7
109
108
107
a3 b3 c3
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3
109
108
107
10‐4
Tota
l con
cent
ratio
n (m
L-1 )
Particle size(m)
Examples of the measurement range of ultrafine bubble measurement technology (tentative draft)
Example of classification of ultrafine bubbleidentified by the bubble diameter and theconcentration (tentative draft)
Tota
l con
cent
ratio
n (m
L-1 )
10‐7
109
108
107
10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3
109
108
107
10‐4
Particle size(m)
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 30
10‐7
109
108
107
a3 b3 c3
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3
109
108
107
10‐4
Tota
l co
nce
ntr
atio
n (m
L-1
)
Particle size(m)
10‐7
109
108
107
a3 b3 c3
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3
109
108
107
10‐4
Tota
l co
nce
ntr
atio
n (m
L-1
)
Particle size(m)
10‐7
109
108
107
a3 b3 c3
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3
109
108
107
10‐4
Tota
l co
nce
ntr
atio
n (m
L-1
)
Particle size(m)
Wafer cleaning
Road cleaning
Toilet flushing
Cleaning effect Promotion effect for the growth of plants
Effects for food applications
Hydroponic culture
Soil cultivation
May
onnai
se
Fla
vor-
rela
ted
pro
ducts
ABasic
standards
BStandards for measurement
methods
CIndividual application
standards
10‐7
109
108
107
a3 b3 c3
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
10‐7 10‐6 10‐5 10‐3
109
108
107
10‐4
Tota
l co
nce
ntr
atio
n (m
L-1
)
Particle size(m)
Examples for categorization of tier A, B and C standards and mapping of the effects, benefits and applications of the technology
Copyright 2015 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 31
Why not use the terminology “nano-bubble”?
1) ISO/TC 229 (nanotechnologies) defines “Nano” as 100 nm or less while ultrafine bubble does not meet that definition.
2) Because the word “nano” may have a negative image in various countries associated with nanoscale materials, many experts in European countries advised that not to use the word “nano-bubble,” considering that fine and ultrafine bubble technology has a high potential to be utilized in safety- and health-conscious industries such as food, beverage, medical, pharmaceutical, plant cultivation, agriculture, cleaning, sterilization, and so on.
3) Unfortunately, in the past 10 years, some of “nano bubble hydrogen water” or “nano bubble oxygen water” is not proved to be so by a reliable measurement equipment. This established the image that “nano bubble is questionable.” In order to promote a truly global and reliable industry, we need to establish scientifically with the new one as “fine and ultrafine bubble technology” by creating the ISO international standard.
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 32
The 1st meeting on December 11-12, 2013 in Kyoto, JapanCountries attended the first Kyoto meeting:
Japan, UK, Russia, China, Korea, Germany, France, and Thailand
The 2nd meeting on September 20, 2014 in Manchester, U.K.* The 4th International symposium of Fine Bubble Technology on September 16 at the same place
P member countries
P member countries
P member candidate countries in Asia and Oceania: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia
P member candidate countries in Europe: Germany, France
ISO/TC 281(Fine Bubble Technology)
The 3rd meeting on October 19-21, 2015 in Jeju, Korea
Manchester
Countries attended the Korea meeting:Japan, UK, Russia, China, Korea, Singapore and Australia
P member countries
Copyright 2016 Fine Bubble Industries Association. All rights reserved. 33
ISO/TC 281(Fine Bubble Technology)
The 4th ISO/TC 281meeting on July 26-27, 2016 in Sydney, Australia
P member: Japan, UK, Russia, China, Korea, Singapore, US and Australia
P member countries
The 7th International Symposium of Fine Bubble Technology
Date: 10:00 – 17:30, Monday, 25th July, 2016
Venue: Aerial Function Centre, University Technology of Sydney
Host: Standards Australia (SA),
Fine Bubble Industries Association (FBIA)
Co-Host: Australian Colloid and Interface Society
Sponsor: Australian Government, Australia-Japan Foundation
Presentation from:Australia, Japan, UK, USA, Russia, Korea, China