The Stage is Set for War

Chapter 29 Section 1

Objective & Do NowObjective

Understand how military buildup, nationalistic feelings, & rival alliances lead to WWI & how the ethnic tensions in the Balkans that helped start the war are boiling over today

Do Now: What events can cause the start of a war?

I An Uneasy Peace Grips EuropeA. The Steady Rise of Nationalism

• Despite peace organizations in Europe, forces lurked underneath the surface that would lead to war• Nationalism= deep devotion to ones nation In

which the country’s well being comes before anything else• -rivals among Europes great powers who seek

to overpower one another• Competed for raw materials & markets to sell

goods in • GB’s Industrial Rev. Euro’s leader until other

began to challenge it (Germ v GB for industrial dominance

•Nationalistic rivalries also grew out of land disputes•France bitter over loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany •Austria-Hungary & Russia battle for control of the Balkans which contains different ethnic groups• Serbs/Bulgarians/Romanians

and others demand independence

B. Imperialism•Euro countries competed for colonies countries at the brink of war•Continuing competition for colonies deeper rivalries & mistrust of one another

C. The Growth of Militarism•Nationalism -> European arms

race• Believed that a powerful military

was necessary to be a great power•Military focused on ability to

quickly mobilize•Mobilize = organize and move

troops in case of war• Countries dev. Plans for mobilization

•Militarism= glorification of military and keeping an army prepared for war

II Tangled Alliances A. Bismarck Forges Early Pacts

• Bismarck (Prussia) believes France is greatest threat to peace in Europe• Goal was to isolate France by denying them

allies• Bismarck creates the Dual Alliance =

Germany & Austria–Hungary• Triple alliance formed when Italy joins

• Takes yet another ally by signing treaty w/ Russia• Bismarck knew the alliances were not

stable• Russia & Austria rivals over Balkans

B. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace•Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)

forces Bismarck to resign•Wants to assert his power and

show Germany’s greatness•Did not renew alliance w/ Russia Russia forming alliance w/ France• This was Bismarcks fear because

war w/ France and Russia means war w/ two fronts

•Wilhelm begins a large naval buildup to compete w/ GB Gb enlarging its fleet

• Triple Entente= GB, France, & Russia• Did not bind GB to fight w/ France and Russia but insured GB would not fight

AGAINST them

• Two camps emerge in Europe• Triple Alliance = Germany/ A-H/ Italia• Triple Entante= GB/France/Russia

III Crisis in the BalkansA. Europe’s Powder Keg

• Balkans home to various ethnic groups• Mixed w/ nationalist feelings & ethnic clashes

“powder Keg” of europe• Ottoman Empire declining as Balkan ppl try

to free themselves• Some already succeeded

(Bulgaria/Greece/Montenegro/Romania)• Russian and A-H want to fill vacuum left by

Ottoman Empire• Austri annexed Boznia & Herzegovina

Sserbian outrage Russians support Serbians

B. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe•Heir to Hungarian throne Archduke

Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo (Bosnia)•Killer = Gavrilo Princip•Member of the Black Hand =secret

society whose goal was to rid bosnia of Austrian rule

•Austria uses murder as excuse to punish Serbia for their resistence in Austria’s takeover of Boznia• Kaiser Wilhelm (Germany) offers his

support

•Austria gives Serbia ultimatum• End to all anti Austrian activity•Allow Austrian officials into

Serbia to investigate assassination

• Serbia knew refusal war so they agreed most Austria’s demands while they offer to solve rest at an international conference•Austria rejects and declares war Russia mobilizes troops to Austrian border

•Machinery of war set in motion