The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam

Chapter 11 section 2Chapter 11 section 2

Section ReviewSection Review

Because of the climate and geography, most early Arabs Because of the climate and geography, most early Arabs were _______ _______ called bedouinswere _______ _______ called bedouins

The bedouins were separated into tribes what were the The bedouins were separated into tribes what were the leaders of these tribes called?leaders of these tribes called?

Why was Mecca so important?Why was Mecca so important? Muhammad’s teachings clashed with Arab powers Muhammad’s teachings clashed with Arab powers

because it was _________because it was _________ Every year Arab pilgrims came to _____ to worship at Every year Arab pilgrims came to _____ to worship at

the Kaaba- a stone building filled with idolsthe Kaaba- a stone building filled with idols What and became the first base of Islam?What and became the first base of Islam?

Expansion Under Abu Bakr and UmarExpansion Under Abu Bakr and Umar When Muhammad died in AD 632 his followers When Muhammad died in AD 632 his followers

chose Abu Bakr as his successorchose Abu Bakr as his successor {He was a friend of Muhammad and one of his {He was a friend of Muhammad and one of his

earliest converts and was given the title of earliest converts and was given the title of CaliphCaliph CaliphCaliph means successor to the prophet means successor to the prophet Abu Bakr was able to bring the Arabic tribes together Abu Bakr was able to bring the Arabic tribes together

and expand Islam's influence Northward }and expand Islam's influence Northward } Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as Caliph and expansion Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as Caliph and expansion

continuedcontinued Within 25 years of Muhammad's death the Muslim Within 25 years of Muhammad's death the Muslim

empire included parts of Syria, Persia and N Africaempire included parts of Syria, Persia and N Africa

Islamic Canvas ArtIslamic Canvas Art

ContinuedContinued

{The Arabs were often more tolerant of other {The Arabs were often more tolerant of other religions than other conquerors}religions than other conquerors}

They did not demand that people convert to IslamThey did not demand that people convert to Islam They called Christians and Jews “the people of the They called Christians and Jews “the people of the

book” and accepted the Bible and Torah as part of book” and accepted the Bible and Torah as part of gods teachingsgods teachings

They had the choice to convert or pay taxes and if They had the choice to convert or pay taxes and if they chose not to do either they were killedthey chose not to do either they were killed

The Caliphs after Umar continued the expansionThe Caliphs after Umar continued the expansion

Islamic Community dividesIslamic Community divides From the time Muhammad died the Islamic From the time Muhammad died the Islamic

community could not agree on who should be the community could not agree on who should be the next caliphnext caliph

Eventually this led to a split in the Muslim Eventually this led to a split in the Muslim communitycommunity

There was a disagreement when Uthman was killed There was a disagreement when Uthman was killed and Ali was chosen to take overand Ali was chosen to take over

Uthman’s relative Mu awiyah (mooh-AH-wee-ya) Uthman’s relative Mu awiyah (mooh-AH-wee-ya) accused Ali of helping the killers and war broke out accused Ali of helping the killers and war broke out between the two.between the two.

Ali was killed and Mu awiyah became CaliphAli was killed and Mu awiyah became Caliph

Sunni MosqueSunni Mosque

The splitThe split Most Muslims agreed to accept Most Muslims agreed to accept Mu awiyah as Mu awiyah as

Caliph, eventually becoming known as the Caliph, eventually becoming known as the Sunni MuslimsSunni Muslims

Ali’s followers insisted that only Ali’s Ali’s followers insisted that only Ali’s decedents should be Caliphdecedents should be Caliph

They became known as the Shi’ah which make They became known as the Shi’ah which make up less than 10% of the Muslim populationup less than 10% of the Muslim population

Another smaller group called {the Sufi turned Another smaller group called {the Sufi turned away from worldly possessions and focus on away from worldly possessions and focus on god} god}

The Empire continues to SpreadThe Empire continues to Spread Despite the split the Muslim faith continued to Despite the split the Muslim faith continued to

spread into North Africa and Spainspread into North Africa and Spain The Muslims that settled in Spain became The Muslims that settled in Spain became

known as the Moorsknown as the Moors The Moors tried to take France but the Franks The Moors tried to take France but the Franks

defeated the Moors and they retreated back to defeated the Moors and they retreated back to SpainSpain

The era of Muslim expansion lasted until the The era of Muslim expansion lasted until the 1100’s then the Turks became the ruling force 1100’s then the Turks became the ruling force in Islamin Islam

The Turks and IslamThe Turks and Islam The Turks were tough nomadic people that herded as The Turks were tough nomadic people that herded as

much as they fought and raidedmuch as they fought and raided They developed a warlike culture that encouraged They developed a warlike culture that encouraged

expansion and conquestexpansion and conquest Through this expanding they came in contact with the Through this expanding they came in contact with the

Muslim faith and many converted and settled around Muslim faith and many converted and settled around the Muslim city of Baghdadthe Muslim city of Baghdad

They served the caliph as troops They served the caliph as troops They supported Islamic laws but a sultan ruled the They supported Islamic laws but a sultan ruled the

Turks and {power shifted away from the caliph as the Turks and {power shifted away from the caliph as the Turks gained power}Turks gained power}

Part of an Ancient Baghdad MosquePart of an Ancient Baghdad Mosque

ContinuedContinued The Caliph played a symbolic role but later the Turks The Caliph played a symbolic role but later the Turks

won control of Baghdadwon control of Baghdad They then became the dominant force in the Islamic They then became the dominant force in the Islamic

worldworld Eventually the Turkish Muslims seized Syria, Eventually the Turkish Muslims seized Syria,

Mesopotamia and much of Asia minorMesopotamia and much of Asia minor They attacked the Byzantines and won some battles They attacked the Byzantines and won some battles

against themagainst them The Turkish Muslims raided northern India and The Turkish Muslims raided northern India and

because they were good at fighting on horseback they because they were good at fighting on horseback they soon took that area as well soon took that area as well

Turkish fallTurkish fall

Outside forces slowed Turkish Muslim expansion in Outside forces slowed Turkish Muslim expansion in 1250 A.D.1250 A.D.

Christians form the West captured cities from the Christians form the West captured cities from the Turks in a series of warsTurks in a series of wars

Around the same time Mongols destroyed Baghdad Around the same time Mongols destroyed Baghdad

Have a good day!Have a good day!