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The Mongols
• 1200s spill out of the steppes of Central Asia under Genghis Kahn
• Highly trained, mobile armies
• China sees the first use of cannon in warfare
• Not oppressive; tribute; Pax Mongolica
Mongol Archer on Horseback
Muhammad ibn Mahmudshah al-
Khayyam
Iran, early 15th century
China Under Mongol Rule
• Kublai Khan finally
defeats last Song
emperor
• Rules China, Korea,
Tibet from Beijing;
Yuan Dynasty
• Keeps Mongols
separate from
Chinese
• Marco Polo
Ming Restore Chinese Rule
• 1294 Yuan Dynasty declines
• Chinese despise the Mongols
• Heavy taxes, corruption, natural disasters lead to uprisings
• 1368 Mongols pushed back and the Ming come to power
Zhu Yuanzhang 1368 – 1398
First Ming Emperor
Trade and Exploration
• 1405-1433 Zheng He leads voyages to SE Asia, India, and the Middle East
• On his death, Emperor banned ship building
• 60 years later Columbus’ voyages made Spain a world power
Early 17th century Chinese
woodblock print, thought to
represent Zheng He's ships.
The Korean Peninsula
• Juts south from mainland; 70% covered by mountains
• Earliest people migrate from Siberia; most people live on western coastal plains
• 5400 mile coastline; thousands of islands
• Controlled by China; bridged between china and Japan
Korean Dynasties
• 676 AD the Silla
unites Korea;
Buddhism, trade with
China, civil service
• 918 Koryo dynasty;
moveable metal type
and porcelain
• 1392 Chosen
replaces Mongols;
500 years; alphabet
Japan and the Feudal Age
• Archipelago; Ring of Fire
• Four-fifths is mountains; people settled in river valleys, along coastal plains
• Seas isolate Japan
• Choose what to accept from China
• At times they sealed themselves off from the outside world
Early Traditions
• Clans/chief/god or goddess
• 500 AD Yamato Clan; first and only dynasty
• Direct descendents of sun god
• Shinto
• Language and Buddhism link Japan and Korea; leads to interest in China
Japan Goes to China
• 600s Japanese begin visiting China for trade and study
• Bring back Chinese ideas, technology, art
• ‘Heavenly Emperor’ modeled on the Tang
• Bureaucracy, central government, law
• Selective borrowing Todai-ji temple, Nara
Feudalism
• 1400s feudal warfare; warlords and armies fight for power
• Emperor’s a figurehead; real power is the shogun
• Daimyo; samurai; bushido
• Peasants, artisans, merchants
• Mongols and the kamikaze
Feudalism
A political, economic, and social
system based on loyalty, the holding
of land, and military service.
Shogun
Daimyo Daimyo
Samurai Samurai Samurai
Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
The Tokugawas
• 1338-1590 increasing levels of warfare
• 1590 Tokugawa shogunate rules until 1868
• Centralized feudalism brings daimyo under control
• New laws, moral code; food surpluses; towns; trade
Zen Buddhism
• Self-reliance,
meditation, devotion
to duty
• Popular among
samurai
• Similar to bushido
with its emphasis on
discipline and
devotion to duty
Other Cultures of SE Asia
• South of China and East of India
• Two major regions
• Mainland; Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam
• 20,000 islands between Indian Ocean and South China Sea; Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines
Geography and Culture
• Mountains separate
mainland from Asia
• Separate river
valleys; early
civilizations
• Monsoons shape
trading patterns
• Indian culture spreads
to SE Asia; Islam
Shwezigon Paya
New Kingdoms
• 1044 Pagan; Irrawaddy Valley; Buddhist; 1287 falls to Mongols
• 800-1350 Khmer in Cambodia; Indian writing, architecture, art; rulers Hindu, common folk Buddhist
• 600-1200 Indonesia; Srivijaya; trade
Corridor within Myazedei
View of gatehouse and
boundary wall, Htilominlo
Temple (Pagan)
Vietnam
• Chinese not Indian influences
• Indian influence spread by trade; China sent their military
• 111 BC Han conquer Vietnam; stay in control for 1,000 years
• 39 AD the Trung sisters