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THE SPANISH LABOUR MARKET IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY, 2003
THE SPANISH LABOUR MARKET IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY, 2003
Teresa GuardiaJune 2004
Teresa GuardiaJune [email protected]@iet.tourspain.es
THE SPANISH LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
THE SPANISH LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Main goals of this approach Main methodological problems Sources used Wage earners and self-employed workers Unemployment rateTemporary employment rate Foreign populationJob creationThe seasonality of wage earner employment and tourist pressure
MAIN GOALS
o DRAWING UP THE CORRESPONDING TABLE OF THE TSA
o MONITORING THE LABOUR MARKET IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
MAIN GOALS
o DRAWING UP THE CORRESPONDING TABLE OF THE TSA
o MONITORING THE LABOUR MARKET IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
MAIN METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Tourism industry is not reflected as such in the NACE:
MAIN METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Tourism industry is not reflected as such in the NACE:
Set of activities considered to be tourist are carried out by companies whose main activity is not tourism
MAIN METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Underestimation of the number of workers:
MAIN METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Underestimation of the number of workers:
Raw materials for the productions of the final goods and services are not included
MAIN METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Overestimation of the number of workers:
MAIN METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Overestimation of the number of workers:
Production of goods and services includes work carried out for residents who are not tourists
Labour ForceSurvey
Characteristics
Of the labour market
AdministrativeRegister
FamiliturFronturCensus
SeasonalityTourism pressure
SOURCES USED
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
WAGE EARNERS
SELF-EMPLOYED
EMPLOYEDPOPULATION 73%
27%
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
WAGE AND SALARY WORKERS RATE BROKEN
DOWN BY ACTIVITY SECTOR. 2003
44,9%
88,6%
80,7% 82,8%
72,8%
0,0%
20,0%
40,0%
60,0%
80,0%
100,0%
Agriculture Industry Construction Services Tourism
WAGE EARNERS PERCENTAGE BROKEN DOWN BY ACTIVITY SECTOR. 2003
NATIONAL 81,5%
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
-Representing 11% of total wage earners, in the national level- Accounting 17% of total wage earners, in the service sector - Male workers outnumber females, Workers are fairly young (62% are under40 years old)-Half the total have secondary education
WAGEEARNERS
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
WAGE- EARNERS I N THE TOURI SM
I NDUSTRY, BROKEN DOWN BY SEX AND
TYPE OF CONTRACT. 2003
40%
74%
60%
26%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Male Female
Open ended
Temporary
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
PERMANENT
TEMPORARY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
EXPLANATION
< 15 Thousand
From 15 to 40
From 40 to 75
> 75 thousands
Male
Female
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
WAGE-EARNERS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY, BROKEN DOWN BY AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES AND SEX. 2003
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
- Representing 18% of total self-employed at the national level- Accounting 18% of total self-employed atthe service sector- Representing 27% of those employed in tourism - Male workers heavily outnumber females- Less young than wage earners-Half the total have secondary education
SELF-EMPLOYED
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
SELF EMPLOYED
Menos del 3%Entre 3% y 6%Entre 6% y 9%Más del 9%
12,6
3,0
3,0
3,9
4,4
2,0
6,5
4,6
20,1
10,22,7
7,3
9,8
2,5
1,45,4
0,5
Less than 3%
From 3 to 6%
From 6 to 9%
Over 9%
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
DISTRIBUTION OF SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE NATIONAL TOTAL, BROKEN DOWN BY AUTONOMOUS
COMMUNITIES. 2003
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ANNUAL CHANGE
Grew in the femalepopulation (5%)
Affected women in the 35 to 39 years(18%)
Women withPostsecondarystudies(15%)
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE BROKEN DOWN BY
ACTIVITY SECTOR. 2003
9,4%
7,8%8,9%
7,3%
15,5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Agriculture Industry Construction Services Tourism
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
NATIONAL 11,3%
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Temporary employment rate in tourism industry
-Counted for 32% of the total of contracts at the national level
- By sex, although males count for 26%, is much lowerthan the women´s temporary employment rate (40%)
- The highest temporary employment rate is found in Galicia (42%)
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Temporary work in tourism industry
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
TEMPORARY WORK BY ACTI VI TY SECTOR. 2003
59%
22%
27%
32%
56%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY CONSTRUCTION SERVICES TOURISM
TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT RATE BROKEN DOWN BY ACTIVITY SECTOR. 2003
National 31%
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Foreign population in Tourism industry
-Only 5% of the total occupied population in Spain are foreigners
- 51% of foreign wage earners are women
- The foreign population is predominantly young 75% are less than 39 years
- Most of foreigners are found in Madrid (23%)
FOREIGN POPULATION
FOREIGN OCCUPIED POPULATION BROKEN
DOWN BY ECONOMIC SECTORS. 2003
5,3%
2,5%
5,8%
3,5%
5,3%
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
Tourism Services Construction Industry Agriculture
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
FOREIGN WORKING POPULATION BROKEN DOWN BY ECONOMIC
SECTORS. 2003
National 3,7%
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
FOREIGNERS WAGE-EARNERS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY, BROKEN DOWN BY AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITIES. 2003
< 1 %
From 1 to 4 %
From 4 to 10%
> 10 %
< 3 %From 3 to 6 %From 6 to 10%
> 10 %
A
A
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
JOB CREATION IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
ANNUAL CHANGE RATE OF THE EMPLOYED
POPULATI ON, BROKEN DOWN BY ECONOMI C
SECTORS. 2003
-2,0%
-1,0%
3,7%4,1%
3,4%
-3,0
-2,0
-1,0
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
Tourism Services Construction I ndustry Agriculture
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
NATIONAL 2,7%
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
JOB CREATION IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
ANNUAL VARI ATI ON OF WAGE EARNERS
I N THE TOURI SM I NDUSTRY, BROKEN
DOWN BY LENGTH OF CONTRACT AND
SEX. 2003
6%
-1%
10%
3%
-5,0
-3,0
-1,0
1,0
3,0
5,0
7,0
9,0
11,0
13,0
MALE FEMALE
TEMPORARY
OPEN ENDED
TEMPORARY
PERMANENT
Source: Labour Force Survey, INE 2003
GREAT VARIATION FROM REGION TO REGIONGREAT VARIATION FROM REGION TO REGION
SEASONALITY COEFICIENTS
CANARIES & MADRID LOW
DEGREE OF SEASONALITY
BALEARICS HIGHEST DEGREE OF SEASONALITY
0,35
0,75
0,07
0,32
0,44
0,32
0,07
0,36
0,2
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Nacional Baleares Canarias Andalucía Cataluña C.Valenciana Madrid Galicia C. Y León
SEASONALITY COEFFICIENT OF WAGE
EARNERS IN HOTELS. 2003
TOURISM PRESSURE ISLANDS TOURISM
TOURI SM PRESSURE (NUMBER OF
TOURI STS PER I NHABI TANT). 2003
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1,40
1,60
1,80
J AN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Baleares Canarias
TOURISM PRESSUREMEDITERRANEAN TOURISM
TOURI SM PRESSURE (NUMBER OF
TOURI STS PER I NHABI TANT). 2003
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
0,16
J AN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Cataluña C.Valenciana
TOURISM PRESSURE INTERNAL TOURISM
TOURI SM PRESSURE (NUMBER OF
TOURI STS PER I NHABI TANT). 2003
0,00
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
0,07
0,08
0,09
0,10
ENERO FEBR MARZO ABRIL MAYO JUN JUL AGOS SEPT OCT NOV DIC
C. y León Andalucía Galicia
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LABOUR MARKETIN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
EMPLOYMENT IN THE FUTURE
UNEMPLOYEDPOPULATION
SOCIALSECURITY WORKERS
ADMINISTRATIVE REGISTER
SURVEY
SPANISH SHORT-TERMLABOURSURVEY
QUARTERLYLABOURCOSTSURVEY
THE SPANISH LABOUR MARKET IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY, 2003
THE SPANISH LABOUR MARKET IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY, 2003
Teresa GuardiaJune 2004
Teresa GuardiaJune [email protected]@iet.tourspain.es