The Spanish Civil WarThe Spanish Civil War1936-19391936-1939

What was the Spanish Civil What was the Spanish Civil War?War?

A war fought between the democratically A war fought between the democratically elected Republican government and the elected Republican government and the Rebel Fascists led by the military who sought Rebel Fascists led by the military who sought to overthrow them.to overthrow them.

However, was not a black and white conflict.However, was not a black and white conflict.

Within camps of each side there were Within camps of each side there were different political ideologies at play and different political ideologies at play and competing social, political, and economic competing social, political, and economic views and interests.views and interests.

DefinitionsDefinitions Social StratificationSocial Stratification: Form of inequality in : Form of inequality in

which categories of people are ranked in a which categories of people are ranked in a hierarchy on the basis of their access to hierarchy on the basis of their access to scarce but valued resources. scarce but valued resources. 

Systemic InequalitySystemic Inequality: System-wide, affecting a : System-wide, affecting a group or system such as an economy, market group or system such as an economy, market or society as a whole that produces inequality.or society as a whole that produces inequality.

Anarcho-SyndicalismAnarcho-Syndicalism: Branch of anarchism : Branch of anarchism which focuses a co-operative system, which focuses a co-operative system, replacing capitalism, and the state, replacing capitalism, and the state, democratically managed by the workers. democratically managed by the workers. Wage system is wage slavery which creates Wage system is wage slavery which creates class system.class system.

More DefinitionsMore Definitions

Class ConsciousnessClass Consciousness: Consciousness of one's : Consciousness of one's social class or economic rank in society, and the social class or economic rank in society, and the action to pursue the interests of your class.action to pursue the interests of your class.

US class clouded by race. To have “class US class clouded by race. To have “class consciousness” in this context one would see consciousness” in this context one would see beyond race and recognize common beyond race and recognize common denominator; poverty.denominator; poverty.

FascismFascism: Organic community, singular collective : Organic community, singular collective identity, and strong leader. Directs economy and identity, and strong leader. Directs economy and creates employment. Authoritarian, uses violence creates employment. Authoritarian, uses violence and threat of it to maintain adherence to the and threat of it to maintain adherence to the nation. Deny freedom of speech………..and nation. Deny freedom of speech………..and maintain hierarchical class structure.maintain hierarchical class structure.

Spain Pre Civil WarSpain Pre Civil War BackwardBackward: Early 20: Early 20thth Century had small Century had small

industrial sector in the north. industrial sector in the north. 70% lived off the land, 52% employed in 70% lived off the land, 52% employed in

agriculture which was Spain’s main agriculture which was Spain’s main resource.resource.

67% of the land was in the hands of 2% of 67% of the land was in the hands of 2% of the population.the population.

Dominated financially by the Large Dominated financially by the Large landowners and the Catholic landowners and the Catholic Church/Conservative and traditional.Church/Conservative and traditional.

urban poor, monarchy, church, strong urban poor, monarchy, church, strong military, large land owners, and loss of military, large land owners, and loss of empire.empire.

Monarchy, Church, MilitaryMonarchy, Church, Military

First republic 1873-1874. Largely supported by First republic 1873-1874. Largely supported by communists, socialists, liberals, and republicans. communists, socialists, liberals, and republicans. Rigid social structure, opposed by traditional Rigid social structure, opposed by traditional forces.forces.

Monarch reinstalled by the military, which favored Monarch reinstalled by the military, which favored the traditional Spanish social structure which had the traditional Spanish social structure which had dominated society.dominated society.

1874-1923 constitutional monarchy. The support 1874-1923 constitutional monarchy. The support of dictatorship. of dictatorship.

Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923-1929) modernized Miguel Primo de Rivera (1923-1929) modernized country somewhat but social structure and access country somewhat but social structure and access to wealth remained unchanged for the workers.to wealth remained unchanged for the workers.

Church Church

Church leaders welcomed the coup, as Church leaders welcomed the coup, as the parliament continually attempted the parliament continually attempted to curb the Churches power and to curb the Churches power and privilege in Spanish society.privilege in Spanish society.

Early 20Early 20thth Century Church owned 1/3 of Century Church owned 1/3 of the wealth, and was major investor in the wealth, and was major investor in factories tying it closely to business factories tying it closely to business and the oppression of the workers .and the oppression of the workers .

Military Military

Historically a prestigious and Historically a prestigious and respected sector within Spanish respected sector within Spanish society.society.

1898 Loss of empire, military turns its 1898 Loss of empire, military turns its duty of defense domestically.duty of defense domestically.

Imperial defeat turns Spain into Imperial defeat turns Spain into powerful political lobby, guarding powerful political lobby, guarding against loss of income and prestige.against loss of income and prestige.

Weary of change, views its new role Weary of change, views its new role as the protector of status quo.as the protector of status quo.

TensionsTensions

Monarchy/Church/Military v. Society Monarchy/Church/Military v. Society and Social Changeand Social Change

Land Owners/Industrialists v. Land Owners/Industrialists v. Agrarian Farmers/Peasants and Agrarian Farmers/Peasants and Urban Working Class. Urban Working Class.

Fascism/Dictatorship v. Liberal Fascism/Dictatorship v. Liberal Democracy/Socialism/ AnarchismDemocracy/Socialism/ Anarchism

Haves v. The Have NotsHaves v. The Have Nots