The Soviet The Soviet Union Union Under Under StalinStalin

Today’s Today’s StandardStandard10.7 Students analyze the rise of 10.7 Students analyze the rise of

totalitarian governments after totalitarian governments after World War I. World War I.

Explain the rise of Stalin and Explain the rise of Stalin and compare and contrast Stalin's compare and contrast Stalin's

Communist Russia to Hitler and Communist Russia to Hitler and Mussolini’s Fascist nations.Mussolini’s Fascist nations.

Essential QuestinEssential Questin

Stalin Becomes Stalin Becomes DictatorDictator

After Lenin dies (1924), After Lenin dies (1924), Trotsky & Stalin Trotsky & Stalin compete for powercompete for power

1928: Stalin has total 1928: Stalin has total command command of Communist Party of Communist Party

Focus on Russian Focus on Russian

developmentdevelopment

Communism Under StalinCommunism Under Stalin

Karl MarkKarl Mark Communism = no Communism = no central governmentcentral government

•Stalin Stalin communism = communism = Totalitarian governmentTotalitarian government

•TotalitarianismTotalitarianism = total = total control over every aspect control over every aspect of public & private lifeof public & private life

•Seems secure & stable, Seems secure & stable, but no freedombut no freedom

Economy Under Economy Under StalinStalin Command EconomyCommand Economy = Gov’t. = Gov’t.

controlledcontrolled

5 Year Plan5 Year Plan rapid industrialization & rapid industrialization &

strengthening of national defensestrengthening of national defense Increase output of steel, coal, Increase output of steel, coal,

oil, etc. by limiting production of oil, etc. by limiting production of consumer goodsconsumer goods

Improving transportationImproving transportation Increasing farm out-putIncreasing farm out-put

Jobs, workers, & hours decided by Jobs, workers, & hours decided by gov’tgov’t

Secret police (Cheka) enforced with Secret police (Cheka) enforced with imprisonment or executionimprisonment or execution

Soviet Postcard of Worker Holding Soviet Postcard of Worker Holding Five-Year PlanFive-Year Plan Postcard states Postcard states

that "with honor, we will fulfill that "with honor, we will fulfill and fulfill again Stalin's new and fulfill again Stalin's new

Five Year Plan".Five Year Plan".

Results of 5 Year Results of 5 Year PlanPlan

1928-1939 huge growth 1928-1939 huge growth in industryin industry

Working men and Working men and women had little to women had little to showshow

Standard of living Standard of living remained lowremained low

Low quality goods Low quality goods Wages were low and Wages were low and

workers were not allowed workers were not allowed to striketo strike

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution Creation ofCreation of Collective Farms Collective Farms::

Government-ownedGovernment-owned Produce food for the StateProduce food for the State

People resisted collectivization People resisted collectivization by killing farm animals, by killing farm animals, destroying tools and burning destroying tools and burning croupscroups KulaksKulaks = wealthy peasants; = wealthy peasants;

thousands executed or sent thousands executed or sent to campsto camps

Resistance continued 10 Resistance continued 10 million died due to famine; million died due to famine; millions more sent to Siberiamillions more sent to Siberia

Weapons of TotalitarianismWeapons of TotalitarianismPolice Terror Police Terror

Gulags – brutal labor campsGulags – brutal labor campsSecret police Secret police

Propaganda Propaganda

IndoctrinationIndoctrination

Censorship Censorship

Religious PersecutionReligious Persecutionpogromspogroms

Soviet Propaganda Soviet Propaganda PostersPosters

Long Live the Great Stalin!!

The Giants of the Five Year Plan

“The results of the Five Year Plan show that the working class is not only capable of destroying the old, but also of building the new”

The Great Purge The Great Purge 1934 – 19391934 – 1939

Targets of Purge includedTargets of Purge includedEarly Bolshevik revolutionariesEarly Bolshevik revolutionariesMilitary heroesMilitary heroesAnyone who became a threatAnyone who became a threat

At least 4 million people executedAt least 4 million people executedResults Results

Increased Stalin's PowerIncreased Stalin's PowerHurt the government because so Hurt the government because so

many important people were many important people were executed.executed.

PropagandaPropaganda

>Propaganda: biased or incomplete info used >Propaganda: biased or incomplete info used to sway people beliefs or actionsto sway people beliefs or actions

Stalin sought to control the hearts and Stalin sought to control the hearts and minds of Soviet citizensminds of Soviet citizens

Censored opposing ideas, made himself a Censored opposing ideas, made himself a godlike figuregodlike figure

Bombarded radios, loudspeakers, movies, Bombarded radios, loudspeakers, movies, theaters, schools, billboards, posters, theaters, schools, billboards, posters, newspapers w/ communist propaganda newspapers w/ communist propaganda

Stalin propaganda poster, reading: "Beloved Stalin—good fortune of the people!"

Censorship and the ArtsCensorship and the Arts Gov’t controlled what books Gov’t controlled what books

were published, what music were published, what music was heard, and which works was heard, and which works of Art were displayed.of Art were displayed.

Stalin encouraged: Stalin encouraged: Russification- making the Russification- making the

cultures of nonRussians cultures of nonRussians more Russianmore Russian

Atheism- belief that there is Atheism- belief that there is no Godno God

Socialist Realism- Show Socialist Realism- Show soviet life in a positive lightsoviet life in a positive lightSoviet ArtIn this Socialist Realist

sculpture, a factory worker and a collective farmer raise the hammer and

sickle together.

Benefits and DrawbacksBenefits and Drawbacks Did not create a society of Did not create a society of

equals as promisedequals as promised head of society were the head of society were the

members of the Soviet party members of the Soviet party

All Children attended free All Children attended free communist schoolscommunist schools

State provided free State provided free medical care, day care, medical care, day care, inexpensive housing, inexpensive housing, public recreationpublic recreation

Housing was scarce, Housing was scarce, meat , fruit and other meat , fruit and other foods were hard to get foods were hard to get

WomenWomen

Won equal rightsWon equal rights Did same job as Did same job as

menmen More educational More educational

opportunitiesopportunities Also expected to Also expected to

produce offspring produce offspring for future for future obedient citizensobedient citizens

This woman is one of the workers This woman is one of the workers charged with the job of constructing a charged with the job of constructing a giant tractor plant in Byelorussia as part giant tractor plant in Byelorussia as part of Stalin's new "Five Year Plan".of Stalin's new "Five Year Plan".