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The South, Slavery, and Abolition
Southern Agriculture
• At first tobacco, rice, indigo
• Cotton booms and need for slaves rises
• Cotton gin removes seeds faster and easier, south becomes almost all agricultural
Southern Society
• 1/3 of southerners owned slaves, half of them were plantation owners (more than 20 slaves)
• Most were yeomen –small farmers with a few acres and 1-2 slaves
• Tenant farmers –don’t own the land, pay % of crops to land owners
• Poor white –lived in shacks, hunt/fish
Slave Life and Culture• Work sunup to sundown• Age 10 until physically unable• Fieldwork, house slaves• Considered property, families
sold and broken apart• Whippings, beating, poor living
conditions, set examples, broken feet/toes for runaways caught
• Spirituals– mix of African folktales and Christianity
• Slave codes– laws that restricted slaves freedom, can’t travel, learn to read, carry a gun
Challenging Slavery• Small ways to fight back: fake sick, work
slowly, break/hide tools
• Attempts to escape, underground railroad- secret routes to north, safehouses, signals
• Nat Turner’s Rebellion– led slaves in VA, killed over 50 whites, rebellion put down and slaves executed
AbolitionMovement
• Abolition– movement to end slavery, abolitionists
• Emancipation– freeing of the slaves• Northerners who were educated,
Quakers, upper class women, ministers• William Lloyd Garrison-- started anti-
slavery newspaper– Liberator• Grimke sisters– from SC slave holding
family, move north and speak out against it
African Americans Challenge Slavery
• Frederick Douglass– taught himself to read as a slave, escaped, gave speeches all over, AA newspaper (North Star), wrote books
• Harriet Tubman– famous conductor on Underground RR, “Grandma Moses”, never lost a person on escapes